舌象仪临床应用研究的方法学及报告质量评价

目的 评价舌象仪临床应用研究的随机对照试验（RCT）、病例系列研究的方法学及报告质量。方法 检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普数据库（VIP）和万方数据库（Wanfang database），从建库截至2018年12月开始检索，收集应用舌象仪观察临床疾病的RCT、病例系列研究和病例对照研究，分别参考Cochrane手册5.1.0版的偏倚风险评估工具和CONSORT 2010版的声明，对纳入的RCT研究进行方法学和报告质量进行评价；根据NICE和STROBE声明第四版进行方法学的报告质量评价研究。结果 初检出相关文献567篇，最终纳入59篇文献，包括2个RCT，57个病例系列研究。50%的RCT应用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评价后显示采用的随机分配方法比较合理，没有采用分配隐藏和盲法；均采用了意向性分析，遗憾的是并没有报告失访的情况；研究也缺乏选择性报告。NICE病例系列研究质量评价结果 病例系列研究中仅14.04%符合多中心研究；59.64%的研究纳入排除标准均不明确；数据未达到预期设定目标，未进行分层分析结局。CONSORT声明2010版评价结果显示：纳入的文献均不能从题目辨别出是否是随机临床试验，多项条目报告率为0；应用STROBE声明评价后结果显示：纳入的病例系列研究均未在题目中明确标明是病例系列研究，多项条目报告率为0。结论 舌象仪临床应用的RCT和病例系列研究报告质量不高，建议在设计和报告临床病例对照和随机对照试验时分别参考CONSORT声明、STROBE声明，纠正目前研究存在的方法学问题，进一步提高临床研究质量，增强舌象仪临床应用于疾病效用证据的强度，推进中医的客观化和现代化。     

经典名方物质基准研制的关键技术分析

中药经典名方开发已成为当下中医药界研究的热点之一,而其中经典名方物质基准的成功研制对于整个中药经典名方的申报极为关键。经典名方物质基准既是检测经典名方制剂质量的基准,同时又需反映整方的物质基础。中药成分众多而复杂,单成分的、化药式的研发与质量控制模式难以适用于整体药用的中药制剂的开发,亟需开辟一条中药专属的研发模式。以目前已有的现代科学技术,笔者建议将中药的遗传多态性、提取动力学、指纹图谱总量统计矩(相似度)法、超分子"印迹模板"等结合应用于经典名方物质基准的研制,探讨中药经典名方物质基准的质量控制技术,以期全面、准确地阐明药材-饮片-物质基准的成分群量值的传递规律,为推进中药经典名方的研制进程提供参考。     

利胆软坚方降脂减肥作用及其对胆汁酸代谢轮廓谱的影响

目的:基于肥胖“从胆论治”的学术观点,研究利胆软坚方对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥作用及其对血清胆汁酸轮廓谱的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:42只大鼠高脂饲料喂养9周建立肥胖大鼠模型,取24只造模成功大鼠随机分为模型组、利胆软坚方高、低剂量组(30,15 g·kg^-1),每组8只,另取8只正常大鼠作为正常组,模型组和正常组给予生理盐水,给药组给予相应剂量药物,灌胃4周。测定大鼠体质量、肝脏质量、脂肪质量等肥胖指标;胆管插管术引流监测2 h内胆汁流量;全自动生化仪测定血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平;超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定大鼠血清胆汁酸代谢轮廓谱中各胆汁酸的含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组体质量、肝脏质量、脂肪质量均显著升高(P<0.01),血清TC,TG,LDL-C水平明显上升(P<0.05,P<0.01),2 h内胆汁总分泌量及各测试点胆汁流量均降低,初级胆汁酸占比明显下降(P<0.05),血清总胆汁酸含量显著降低(P<0.01),血清胆汁酸轮廓谱中胆酸(CA),脱氧胆酸(DCA),鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA),猪去氧胆酸(HDCA),牛磺胆酸(TCA),牛磺去氧胆酸(TDCA),牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA),牛磺猪去氧胆酸(THDCA),甘氨去氧胆酸(GDCA)含量明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,利胆软坚方高、低剂量组体质量、肝脏质量明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),利胆软坚方高剂量组血清TC,TG,LDL-C水平明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),低剂量组TG水平明显下降(P<0.05),高剂量组在给药后1~1.5 h胆汁流量明显增加(P<0.05),高、低剂量组初级胆汁酸占比明显升高(P<0.05),利胆软坚方高剂量组TCA,DCA,甘氨胆酸(GCA),GDCA水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),低剂量组仅TCA,TCDCA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:利胆软坚方具有降脂减肥作用,其机制可能与其增加胆汁分泌量,增加初级胆汁酸合成及调节胆汁酸轮廓谱有关。     

仪器设备全生命周期管理软件的研究与实践

目的:本文分析仪器设备全生命周期管理系统,分享仪器设备管理系统基于药监系统日常管理工作的特色选型。方法:围绕设备全生命周期管理的理念,设计实施电子化设备采购管理、设备台账管理、设备维护维修管理等一系列流程。结果与结论:仪器设备全生命周期管理系统实现全资产、全业务和全过程的信息化管理覆盖。具有良好示范作用,可在药检系统推广使用。     

New Insight into the Fluorescence Quenching of Nitrogen-Containing Carbonaceous Quantum Dots—From Surface Chemistry to Biomedical Applications

Carbon-based quantum dots are widely suggested as fluorescent carriers of drugs, genes or other bioactive molecules. In this work, we thoroughly examine the easy-to-obtain, biocompatible, nitrogen-containing carbonaceous quantum dots (N-CQDs) with stable fluorescent properties that are resistant to wide-range pH changes. Moreover, we explain the mechanism of fluorescence quenching at extreme pH conditions. Our in vitro results indicate that N-CQDs penetrate the cell membrane; however, fluorescence intensity measured inside the cells was lower than expected from carbonaceous dots extracellular concentration decrease. We studied the mechanism of quenching and identified reduced form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as one of the intracellular quenchers. We proved it experimentally that the elucidated redox process triggers the efficient reduction of amide functionalities to non-fluorescent amines on carbonaceous dots surface. We determined the 5 nm–wide reactive redox zone around the N-CQD surface. The better understanding of fluorescence quenching will help to accurately quantify and dose the internalized carbonaceous quantum dots for biomedical applications.     

Development and Testing of the Preparation for Labor and Birth Instrument

ObjectiveTo develop and assess the reliability and validity of a new instrument used during the third trimester of pregnancy to measure women’s confidence in their ability to achieve physiologic birth, the Preparation for Labor and Birth (P-LAB) instrument.DesignTwo-phase instrument development study that consisted of item generation and a prospective field test.SettingField testing occurred in five midwestern U.S. prenatal clinics.ParticipantsParticipants in the field test were 203 nulliparous and parous pregnant women who intended to give birth vaginally.MethodsPsychometric testing consisted of test–retest reliability testing and assessments of content validity, face validity, and construct validity. We measured construct validity using exploratory factor analysis and correlation with the Sense of Coherence Scale.ResultsThe 22-item P-LAB showed good content validity, good internal consistency, and stability over time. All items had content validity index scores greater than or equal to 0.8, and the total instrument content validity index was 0.95. We identified four factors related to women’s confidence in their ability to achieve physiologic birth: Planned Use of Pain Medication, Relationship With Care Provider and Supportive Birth Environment, Beliefs About Labor, and Labor Support (social and professional). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the four extracted factors were .93, .76, .73 and .74, respectively. Intraclass correlation [95% confidence interval] for the total questionnaire was .92 [.88, .94]. We found no linear association between total P-LAB scores and sense of coherence.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate acceptable initial psychometric properties for the P-LAB instrument. Additional testing is required to evaluate the instrument’s construct, convergent, and divergent validity.