Cardiac arrest caused by accidental severe hypothermia and myocardial infarction during general anesthesia

Therapeutic hypothermia is often used for traumatic brain injury because of its neuroprotective effect and decreased secondary brain injury. However, this procedure lacks clinical evidence supporting its efficacy, and adverse outcomes have been reported during general anesthesia. A 61-year-old man with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was admitted with traumatic brain injury. Immediately after admission, he underwent mild therapeutic hypothermia with a target temperature of 33.0°C for neuroprotection. During general anesthesia for emergency surgery because he developed a mass effect, hypothermic cardiac arrest occurred following an additional decrease in the core body temperature. Moreover, myocardial infarction caused by restenosis of the previous PCI lesion also contributed to the cardiac arrest. Although the patient recovered spontaneous circulation after an hour-long cardiopulmonary resuscitation with rewarming, he eventually died of subsequent repetitive cardiac arrests. When anesthetizing patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia, caution is required to prevent adverse outcomes that can be caused by unintentional severe hypothermia and exacerbation of underlying heart disease.     

基于超声征象建立股浅动脉支架再狭窄的风险预测评分模型

目的建立综合、有效的股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测模型,在术前预测支架再狭窄的可能,为手术方案的选择提供指导意见。方法回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受股浅动脉支架治疗的患者328例(共381条患肢)作为建模队列。以超声作为评价手段,依据多因素Logistic回归分析筛选支架再狭窄的独立危险因素,按其权重赋值,建立支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型。以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线验证模型的区分度,并根据其最佳界值将评分模型分为支架再狭窄低危组和高危组。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8项危险因素被纳入评分系统并建立支架再狭窄风险预测模型,钙化斑块、腘动脉收缩期峰值流速<40 cm/s、膝下流出道评分≥4分、踝臂指数<0.5、女性均赋值1分,患者合并脑梗死、慢性肾病、病变总长度15.0~24.9 cm均赋值2分,病变总长度≥25.0 cm赋值3分,模型最高计12分。以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为金标准,经ROC曲线验证,提示该评分体系具有较高的预测价值[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.775,95%CI=0.727~0.824,P<0.001]和拟合优度(χ²=4.921,P=0.766),一致性检验Kappa值为0.609。将评分模型进一步分为再狭窄低危组(0~5分)和再狭窄高危组(6~12分),其敏感性为68.1%,特异性为74.6%,准确性为72.7%。结论股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型可在术前较准确地预测再狭窄的发生,为精准制定手术方案提供理论依据。     

倾向性评分匹配法评价冠心病支架置入术后再狭窄

目的引入倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)比较伴糖尿病的冠心病患者与单纯冠心病患者支架置入术后再狭窄的差异。方法回顾性分析在本院接受冠状动脉支架植入术患者资料,伴糖尿病的冠心病患者137例(CHD+DM组),单纯冠心病283例(CHD组)。使用SPSS软件的PSM功能对两组采用1∶1最邻近匹配法,得到组间协变量均衡的样本。匹配后的样本采用Cox比例风险模型评估支架术后再狭窄的危险因素。结果两组匹配成功各120例。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析,吸烟史(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.34~4.64,P=0.004)、高血压史(HR=2.24,95%CI:1.08~4.63,P=0.030)、肌酐清除率110ml/min(HR=3.12,95%CI:1.22~5.03,P=0.024)、冠状动脉多支病变(HR=2.15,95%CI:1.14~4.07,P=0.018)和伴糖尿病(HR=2.22,95%CI:1.14~4.33,P=0.020)是冠心病支架术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。PSM后,CHD+DM组1、3、5年的累计狭窄率分别为10.70%,40.30%和43.80%,CHD组为4.70%,23.70%和29.60%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。结论应用PSM可以有效地均衡非随机研究组间的协变量,糖尿病是冠心病患者支架置入术再狭窄的危险因素。     

Comparison Among Drug-Eluting Balloon,Drug-Eluting Stent,and Plain Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis: A Network Meta-Analysis of 11 Randomized,Controlled Trials

ObjectivesA Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed comparing the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting balloons (DEB), drug-eluting stents (DES), or plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) for treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR).BackgroundOptimal treatment options for ISR have not been well established.MethodsRandomized, controlled trials comparing DEB, DES, and POBA for the treatment of ISR after percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stent or DES were included. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR). The pairwise posterior median odds ratio (OR) with 95% credible interval (CrI) was the effect measure.ResultsThis analysis included 2,059 patients from 11 RCTs. The risk of TLR was markedly lower in patients treated with DEB (OR: 0.22, 95% CrI: 0.10 to 0.42) or DES (OR: 0.24, 95% CrI: 0.11 to 0.47) than in those treated with POBA in a random-effects model. In a comparison of DEB and DES, the risk of TLR (OR: 0.92, 95% CrI: 0.43 to 1.90) was similar. The risk of MI or all-cause mortality was lowest in the DEB group compared with the DES and POBA groups, which did not meet statistical significance. The risk of major adverse cardiac events, which was mainly driven by TLR, was also significantly lower in the DEB or and DES group (OR: 0.28, 95% CrI: 0.14 to 0.53) than in the POBA group, but it was similar between the DEB and DES groups (OR: 0.84, 95% CrI: 0.45 to 1.50). The probability of being ranked as the best treatment was 59.9% (DEB), 40.1% (DES), and 0.1% (POBA) in terms of TLR, whereas it was 63.0% (DEB), 35.3% (POBA), and 1.7% (DES) in terms of MI.ConclusionsLocal drug delivery by DEB or DES for ISR lesions was markedly better than POBA in preventing TLR, but not for MI or mortality. Among the 2 different strategies of drug delivery for ISR lesions, treatment with DEB showed a trend of less development of MI than did treatment with DES.     

血清淀粉样蛋白A联合胱抑素C、脂蛋白a对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)联合胱抑素C(Cys C)、血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]对冠心病(CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值。方法选择2019年2月至2022年2月期间在湖北省鄂钢医院心血管内科住院行PCI治疗的184例CHD患者作为研究对象, 根据PCI术后6个月内是否出现冠状动脉再狭窄分为未狭窄组(145例)和再狭窄组(39例), 其中男96例, 女88例, 年龄(65.1±7.7)岁。比较两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础性疾病(高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、脑卒中)、术前冠状动脉狭窄程度、支架长度、支架直径等资料;患者入院时, 采用免疫比浊法检测血清SAA、Cys C、Lp(a)水平, 采用全自动血生化仪检测血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)], 采用超声心动图监测患者左心房内径(LAD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF), 采用冠状动脉造影术(CAG)判断冠状动脉发生病变的具体位置。采用多元logistic回归方程分析CHD患者PCI后冠...     

Treatment of in-stent restenosis with sirolimus-eluting-stents: results from the prospective German Cypher stent registry

Aims  Drug-eluting stents have been reported to effectively reduce in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, the effectiveness and safety have yet been investigated only in small trials or case series. The aim of this prospective large scale registry was to show that treatment of ISR with sirolimus eluting stents (SES) is safe, effective and feasible in daily routine. Methods and results  The German Cypher registry prospectively enrolled 6,555 patients undergoing implantation with SES for various indications, including 1,533 patients treated for ISR. Follow-up data (median 6.6 months) of this cohort was available for 1,531 patients (99.8%). Of these patients 75.8% were male. Of these patients 36.5% (n = 552) presented with acute coronary syndromes. In total, 1,932 SES were used with successful implantation in 98.9%. MI during hospitalization was observed in 0.7% (n = 11) while in-hospital mortality was only 0.1% (n = 2). MACE-rate at follow-up was 13.8% (n = 211) including a mortality of 1.3% (n = 20) and MI in 1.9% (n = 29). Total revascularization procedures including CABG (1.7%) were necessary in 12.3% (n = 186). Target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate was 9.3% (n = 139) and thus similar to patients with de novo lesions (8.1%, P = 0.69). Ten patients (0.65%) suffered from subacute stent thrombosis Vs. 0.24% observed in patients with de novo lesions (P = 0.03). Conclusion  This large registry confirms that treatment of ISR with sirolimus-eluting-stents is effective and save with good clinical results at index procedure and follow-up. TVR was not different from de novo lesions.     

Restenosis of a drug eluting stent on the previous bioresorbable vascular scaffold successfully treated with a drug-coated balloon: A case report

BACKGROUNDThe in-stent restenosis (ISR) rates are reportedly inconsistent despite the increased use of second-generation drug eluting stent (DES). Although bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) have substantial advantages with respect to vascular restoration, the rate of scaffold thrombosis is higher with BVS than with DES. Optimal treatment strategies have not been established for DES-ISR to date.CASE SUMMARYWe report on a case of a 60-year-old man patient with acute coronary syndrome. He had a history of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction associated with very late scaffold thrombosis and treated with a DES. Coronary angiography revealed significant stenosis, suggesting DES-ISR on the previous BVS. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) identified a plaque rupture and a disrupted scaffold strut in the neointimal proliferation of DES. To treat the DES-ISR on the previous BVS, we opted for a drug-coated balloon (DCB) after a balloon angioplasty using a semi-compliant and non-compliant balloon. The patient did not experience adverse cardiovascular events on using a DCB following the use of intensive dual antiplatelet therapy and statin for 24 mo. CONCLUSIONThis case highlights the importance of OCT as an imaging modality for characterizing the mechanism of target lesion failure. The use of a DCB following the administration of optimal pharmacologic therapy may be an optimal strategy for the treatment and prevention of recurrent BVS thrombosis and DES-ISR.     

FX miniRAIL球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄

目的 :采用血管腔内超声 (IVUS)研究经皮冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内FXminiRAILTM球囊成形术 (FXBA)治疗冠脉支架内再狭窄 (ISR)的疗效及其安全性。方法 :冠脉内支架植入术后单支ISR >70 %的病人 171例 (男性 12 4例 ,女性 4 7例 ,年龄 6 1± 11岁 ) ,分为FXBA组 (n =10 6 )和普通球囊成形术 (PTCA)组 (n =6 5 )。所有病例术前、术后即刻以及术后随访期行定量冠脉造影 (QCA)及IVUS。QCA分析病变长度 ,最小管腔直径 (MLD) ,参照管腔直径 (RLD)和管腔直径狭窄百分比 (DS) ;IVUS分析血管总横截面积 (TVA) ,外弹力膜内横截面积 (EEMA) ,支架横截面积 (SA) ,最小管腔横截面积 (MLA) ,支架内的再狭窄面积(RA)。随访靶血管再次成形率 (TVR)和主要不良心血管事件 (MACE)发生率。结果 :FXBA治疗ISR和PTCA一样易于操作 ,两组的操作成功率均为 10 0 %。IVUS显示FXBA组治疗ISR后即刻管腔面积的获得大于PTCA组 (5 .4 3± 0 .6 3mm2 对4 .92± 0 .4 6mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而随访期 (平均随访时间 5 .4± 1.6个月 )管腔面积的丢失则小于PTCA组 (0 .5 1± 0 .2 1mm2 对0 .91± 0 .2 3mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组术后即刻SA均较术前增加。随访期FXBA组的ISR复发率 (2 1.1%± 7.6 % )明显低于PT CA组 (38.3%± 4 .3% ) ,P <0 .0 0 1;FXBA