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1.
The foodscape (the built food environment) is considered one of the driving factors of the higher burden of obesity and chronic disease observed in low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Traditional data collection methods struggle to accurately capture actual access and exposure to the foodscape (realised foodscape). We assess the use of anonymised mobile phone location data (location data) in foodscape studies by applying them to a case study in Perth, Western Australia to test the hypothesis that lower SES groups have poorer realised foodscapes than high SES groups. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate realised foodscapes of different SES groups and home foodscape typologies, which were compared to home foodscapes of the different groups. The location data enabled us to measure realised foodscapes of multiple groups over an extended period and at the city scale. Low SES groups had poor availability of food outlets, including unhealthy outlets, in their home and realised foodscapes and may be more susceptible to a poor home foodscape because of low mobility.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectiveWomen are increasingly informed about their breast density due to state density reporting laws. However, accuracy of personal breast density knowledge remains unclear. We compared self-reported with clinically assessed breast density and assessed knowledge of density implications and feelings about future screening.MethodsFrom December 2017 to January 2020, we surveyed women aged 40 to 74 years without prior breast cancer, with a normal screening mammogram in the prior year, and ≥1 recorded breast density measures in four Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium registries with density reporting laws. We measured agreement between self-reported and BI-RADS breast density categorized as “ever-dense” if heterogeneously or extremely dense within the past 5 years or “never-dense” otherwise, knowledge of dense breast implications, and feelings about future screening.ResultsSurvey participation was 28% (1,528 of 5,408), and 59% (896 of 1,528) of participants had ever-dense breasts. Concordance between self-report versus clinical density was 76% (677 of 896) among women with ever-dense breasts and 14% (89 of 632) among women with never-dense breasts, and 34% (217 of 632) with never-dense breasts reported being told they had dense breasts. Desire for supplemental screening was more frequent among those who reported having dense breasts 29% (256 of 893) or asked to imagine having dense breasts 30% (152 of 513) versus those reporting nondense breasts 15% (15 of 102) (P = .003, P = .002, respectively). Women with never-dense breasts had 6.3-fold higher odds (95% confidence interval:3.39-11.80) of accurate knowledge in states reporting density to all compared to states reporting only to women with dense breasts.DiscussionStandardized communications of breast density results to all women may increase density knowledge and are needed to support informed screening decisions.  相似文献   
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AimsThis review aims to provide an update of available methods for imaging calcification activity and potential therapeutic options.Data SynthesisAortic valve calcification represents the most common heart valve condition requiring treatment among adults in Western societies. No medical therapies are proven to be effective in treating symptoms or reducing disease progression. Therefore, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains the only available treatment option. Elevated circulating concentrations of lipoprotein(a) is strongly associated with degenerative aortic stenosis. This relationship was first observed in prospective observational studies, and the causal relationship was confirmed in genetic studies.ConclusionsNew therapeutic targets have been identified and new imaging techniques could be used to test the effectiveness of new agents and further clarify the pathophysiology of AVS. No therapy that specifically lowers Lp (a) levels has been approved for clinical use.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨沉默长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)INHBA反义RNA1(INHBA antisense RNA1,INHBA-AS1)对外阴鳞状细胞癌细胞SW954生物学行为的影响及机制。方法:37例外阴鳞状细胞癌组织中INHBA-AS1、miR-335-3p表达运用qRT-PCR检测,高迁移率族蛋白2(high mobility group AT-hook 2,HMGA2)蛋白的表达运用Western blotting检测。实验分为con组、si-NC组、si-INHBA-AS1组、miR-NC组、miR-335-3p mimic组、si-INHBA-AS1+miR-335-3p inhibitor组。应用CCK-8实验检测SW954细胞增殖抑制率,克隆形成实验检测SW954细胞克隆形成,Transwell实验和划痕实验检测SW954细胞迁移,流式细胞术检测SW954细胞凋亡。双荧光素酶报告实验鉴定INHBA-AS1与miR-335-3p、miR-335-3p与HMGA2的靶向关系。结果:外阴鳞状细胞癌组织中INHBA-AS1、HMGA2蛋白的表达水平远高于癌旁组织,miR-335-3p的表达水平低于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。转染si-INHBA-AS1沉默INHBA-AS1或转染miR-335-3p mimic过表达miR-335-3p后,miR-335-3p表达水平、SW954细胞抑制率及凋亡率升高,HMGA2蛋白的表达水平、SW954细胞克隆形成数、迁移细胞数及划痕愈合率降低(P<0.05)。INHBA-AS1靶向miR-335-3p,miR-335-3p靶向HMGA2。沉默INHBA-AS1处理的SW954细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡的影响被抑制miR-335-3p所逆转。结论:沉默外阴鳞状细胞癌细胞SW954中的INHBA-AS1通过miR-335-3p靶向HMGA2,抑制SW954细胞增殖、迁移,并诱导其凋亡。  相似文献   
6.
目的探讨丹酚酸B(Sal B)对小鼠动脉粥样硬化病变和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞胞葬作用的影响,阐明Sal B抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。  相似文献   
7.
目的:探讨颈动脉高分辨率MRI(HR-MRI)血管壁成像和超声对鉴别诊断脑卒中患者颈动脉狭窄原因的效果。方法:连续纳入2018年06月-2020年12月清远市人民医院神经内科诊断为脑卒中的患者31例,均行颈部辨血管壁HR-MRI检查、超声颈动脉以及数字减影血管造影术(DSA)检查。比较不同检查方式对颈动脉狭窄原因检出情况,并采用Kappa检验分析HR-MRI与DSA、超声与DSA诊断结果的一致性。结果:DSA、超声、HR-MRI对动脉硬化的检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HR-MRI对动脉夹层的检出率高于超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声检查未见异常占比22.6%,DSA、HR-MRI检查未见异常均为0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kappa检验分析显示,HR-MRI诊断颈动脉狭窄原因与DSA的一致性良好(Kappa值=0.669,P<0.05)。超声诊断颈动脉狭窄原因与DSA的一致性较差(Kappa值=0.221,P<0.05)。结论:高分辨率MRI血管壁成像技术对脑卒中患者颈动脉狭窄原因的鉴别诊断效果优于超声,可作为临床诊治补充检查首选方式。  相似文献   
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PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous high ligation (FPHL) combined with fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy (FGFS) to treat varicose veins of the great saphenous veins (GSVs).Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 113 patients (mean age, 62.1 ± 10.8 years; 60 men) with varicose veins of the GSVs (133 limbs) that were treated with FPHL combined with FGFS between April 1 and October 31, 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected from these patients before the FPHL procedure, after which FGFS was performed. The preterminal GSV was ligated percutaneously by a percutaneously-positioned polypropylene ligature under fluoroscopic guidance. The outcome of ligation was confirmed by venography. Then, foam sclerotherapy was performed under fluoroscopy. At 1-year follow-up, GSV occlusion was evaluated by ultrasound. The venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs) were compared between the preoperative and 1-year follow-up periods.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100% (133 limbs). Complete 12-month follow-up was available for 112 limbs (84.2%) and 103 of these limbs (92.0%) remained occluded during this period. The VCSS improved from 4.71 ± 2.15 to 0.74 ± 0.60 (V = 6328, P < .001). During follow-up, there were 16 limbs with thrombophlebitis and 38 limbs with saphenous junction pain; these events were alleviated within 2 weeks of the procedure. There was no deep venous thrombosis or other severe adverse events.ConclusionsFPHL combined with FGFS to treat varicose veins in the GSVs achieved an occlusion rate of 92% and improved the clinical symptoms within 1 year; this minimally-invasive procedure was safe and effective.  相似文献   
10.
《Clinical breast cancer》2022,22(6):560-566
BackgroundIn the United States, Europe, and Asia, a consensus has been reached that there is a higher risk of breast cancer in high density breasts. However, there are some contrary reports that suggest the absence of an association between breast composition and breast cancer subtype; thus, there is conflicting evidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in the incidence of breast cancer subtypes according to breast composition and analyze the survival rates in Japanese women.Patients and MethodsBetween 2007 and 2008, 1258 Japanese patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent mammography and obtained a pathological diagnosis in our institution were included in the study. We compared cancer subtypes with breast composition types (dense and non-dense breast), and classified them based on initial mammography findings. Information on 5- and 10-year survival rates was collected by chart review for patients with dense and nondense breasts. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson's chi-square test for breast composition and cancer subtype. The effect of breast composition on mortality was examined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated.ResultsNo significant difference was found between breast cancer subtype and breast composition (P = .08). Five-year (log-rank test, P = .09) and 10-year (log-rank test, P = .31) survival rates were not significantly different between breast composition types.ConclusionThere was no significant association between breast composition and cancer subtypes. There was also no significant difference in the prognosis between patients with and without dense breasts.  相似文献   
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