基于VAS评价右美托咪定在宫颈癌根治术后镇痛及术后快速康复中的临床效果

目的:研究右美托咪定在宫颈癌根治术后镇痛及术后快速康复中的临床应用效果。方法:将2015年7月至2018年7月在本院行宫颈癌根治术的86例患者随机分为对照组和观察组各43例。对照组术后镇痛采用舒芬太尼和格拉司琼，观察组术后镇痛加用右美托咪定。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价患者术后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h疼痛情况，采用Ramesay评分法评价患者不同时间点镇静状况，记录并比较两组患者不同时间点收缩压、舒张压、心率及呼吸频率变化，比较两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h VAS评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），Ramesay评分均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组和对照组患者术后不同时间点呼吸频率比较，差异无统计学意义，但术后6 h、12 h、24 h观察组患者收缩压、心率均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），术后1 h、6 h观察组患者舒张压明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组患者恶心呕吐、高血压发生率较对照组明显减低。结论:右美托咪定用于宫颈癌根治术后镇痛，可以提高镇痛镇静效果，稳定患者血流动力学，有助于术后快速康复。     

子宫肌瘤微创手术中右美托咪定给药方式对比

目的探究右美托咪定不同给药方式在子宫肌瘤微创手术患者中的应用效果对比。方法选取于本院诊治的子宫肌瘤并进行微创手术的患者,分为两组,每组30例。第一组,单次注射组(SI组);第二组,持续注射组(CI组)。SI组和CI组患者在一般资料上差异无统计学意义。通过分析SI组和CI组患者心率、平均动脉压、应激反应相关指标、继发效应的差异性来探究右美托咪定不同给药方式在子宫肌瘤微创手术患者中的应用效果对比。结果在T0时间点,SI组和CI组患者心率、平均动脉压指标数据相近(P>0.05),在T1、T2时间点,SI组患者平均动脉压、心率等指标比CI组优良(P<0.05)。麻醉前,SI组和CI组患者应激反应相关指标数值相差较小(P>0.05),术后,SI组患者应激反应相关指标比CI组优良(P<0.05)。两组患者继发效应发生情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定在手术过程中麻醉效果显著,但单次注射的方法对患者的麻醉效果更佳,继发效应更少。     

Nurse-led dexmedetomidine sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in children: a 6-year quality improvement project

We aimed to safely introduce dexmedetomidine into a nurse-led sedation service for magnetic resonance imaging in children. Secondary aims were to increase the number of children eligible for sedation and to increase the actual number of children having sedation performed by our nurse sedation team. We analysed 1768 consecutive intravenous and 219 intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation episodes in infants, children and adolescents having magnetic resonance imaging scans between March 2016 and March 2022. The overall sedation success rate was 98.4%, with a 98.9% success rate for intravenous dexmedetomidine and a 95.0% success rate for intranasal dexmedetomidine. The incidence of scan interruption during intravenous and intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation was 8.8% and 21.9%, respectively. We conclude that paediatric sedation with dexmedetomidine for magnetic resonance scanning is safe and successful.     

Changes in electroencephalographic power and bicoherence spectra according to depth of dexmedetomidine sedation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia

Background: Assessment the depth of dexmedetomidine sedation using electroencephalographic (EEG) features can improve the quality of procedural sedation. Previous volunteer studies of dexmedetomidine-induced EEG changes need to be validated, and changes in bicoherence spectra during dexmedetomidine sedation has not been revealed yet. We aimed to investigate the dexmedetomidine-induced EEG change using power spectral and bicoherence analyses in the clinical setting.Patients and Methods: Thirty-six patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Dexmedetomidine sedation was conducted by the stepwise increase in target effect site concentration (Ce) while assessing sedation levels. Bispectral index (BIS) and frontal electroencephalography were recorded continuously, and the performance of BIS and changes in power and bicoherence spectra were analyzed with the data from the F3 electrode.Results: The prediction probability values for detecting different sedation levels were 0.847, 0.841, and 0.844 in BIS, 95% spectral edge frequency, and dexmedetomidine Ce, respectively. As the depth of sedation increased, δ power increased, but high β and γ power decreased significantly (P <0.001). α and spindle power increased significantly under light and moderate sedation (P <0.001 in light vs baseline and deep sedation; P = 0.002 and P <0.001 in moderate sedation vs baseline and deep sedation, respectively). The bicoherence peaks of the δ and α-spindle regions along the diagonal line of the bicoherence matrix emerged during moderate and deep sedation. Peak bicoherence in the δ area showed sedation-dependent increases (29.93%±7.38%, 36.72%±9.70%, 44.88%±12.90%; light, moderate, and deep sedation; P = 0.008 and P <0.001 in light sedation vs moderate and deep sedation, respectively; P = 0.007 in moderate sedation vs deep sedation), whereas peak bicoherence in the α-spindle area did not change (22.92%±4.90%, 24.72%±4.96%, and 26.96%±8.42%, respectively; P=0.053).Conclusions: The increase of δ power and the decrease of high-frequency power were associated with the gradual deepening of dexmedetomidine sedation. The δ bicoherence peak increased with increasing sedation level and can serve as an indicator reflecting dexmedetomidine sedation levels.     

预注右旋美托咪啶用于喉显微手术麻醉的研究

目的研究分析预注右旋美托咪啶用于喉显微手术麻醉中的临床效果。方法选取2017年12月—2018年12月本院收治的80例行喉显微手术治疗的患者为观察对象,并将其随机分为普通组与观察组,每组各40例,普通组中患者行常规诱导麻醉,观察组中患者行预注右旋美托咪啶诱导麻醉,比较两组麻醉应用效果。结果在T1、T4、T5时段,观察组患者HR、MAP水平均低于普通组,其血流动力学稳定,且不良反应发生率相比普通组降低,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对行喉显微手术患者在应用预注右旋美托咪啶麻醉,能改善患者血流动力学指标水平,减少患者不良反应。     

右美托咪定应用于围术期镇痛的研究进展

右美托咪定作为一种高选择性α2 肾上腺素能受体激动剂，具有镇静、镇痛和减轻应激反应等作用。 大 量的研究证实，围术期应用右美托咪定，不但具有辅助镇痛作用，还可减少其他镇痛药物的用量，减轻其不良反 应，增强其镇痛效果，从而提高患者围术期的舒适度，保持血流动力学稳定，减少术后疼痛反应。该文就右美托咪 定应用于围术期镇痛的研究进展进行综合阐述。     

颅内动脉瘤介入患者术中及苏醒期血流动力学变化趋势及临床药物干预效果

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤介入患者术中及苏醒期血流动力学变化趋势及临床药物干预效果。方法 选取该院颅内动脉瘤介入手术患者86例（2017年11月—2019年6月），随机数字表法分为研究组（n=43）与对照组（n=43）。对照组采取瑞芬太尼+七氟醚，研究组在对照组基础上加用右美托咪定。统计两组围术期[麻醉诱导前（T0）、气管插管后（T1）、麻醉后15 min （T2）、术毕（T3）]血流动力学指水平、脑氧代谢情况、拔管、睁眼及恢复自主呼吸用时、不良反应。结果 （1）血流动力学：①不同时间点的HR、MAP、SBP、SPO₂有差别（P<0.05），②组间HR、MAP、SBP、SPO₂有差别（P<0.05），③研究组与对照组的HR、MAP、SBP、SPO₂变化趋势有差别（P<0.05）；（2）脑氧代谢：①不同时间点的CERO₂、Da-jvO₂有差别（P<0.05），②组间CERO₂、Da-jvO₂有差别（P<0.05），③研究组与对照组的CERO₂、Da-jvO₂变化趋势有差别（P<0.05）；（3）拔管、睁眼及恢复自主呼吸用时：研究组拔管时间短于对照组（P<0.05），睁眼时间、恢复自主呼吸时间与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；（4）不良反应：研究组不良反应发生率（13.95%）低于对照组（32.56%）（P<0.05）。结论 颅内动脉瘤介入手术患者术中及苏醒期血流动力学异常波动，通过右美托咪定复合七氟醚可抑制其波动程度，并能改善脑氧代谢状态，缩短术后拔管时间，且不良反应发生率较低，此方法安全可靠。