超声引导下关节腔内注射重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(益赛普)治疗血友病性关节病

目的 观察超声引导下关节腔内注射重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白（益赛普）治疗血友病性关节病（HA）的价值。方法 回顾性分析32例接受超声引导下穿刺关节腔注射益赛普的HA患者，对比观察治疗前及治疗后1个月血友病关节健康评分（HJHS）、视觉模拟评分（VAS），以及超声所示目标关节增生滑膜厚度、血流信号、Melchiorre及中国早期血友病性关节病超声检测（HEAD-US-C）评分，评估其治疗价值。结果 对32例均成功完成超声引导下穿刺关节腔及腔内注射益赛普，共对18例膝关节、7例肘关节及7例踝关节进行治疗。术后未出现感染、出血等并发症。治疗后1个月，目标关节HJHS、VAS、Melchiorre评分、HEAD-US-C评分及增生滑膜最大厚度、平均厚度、血流信号均低于治疗前（P均<0.01）。结论 超声引导下关节腔内注射益赛普治疗HA安全、有效。     

The effect of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine on arterial thrombosis development and platelet aggregation in female rats

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenoviral vector vaccine (ChAd) against coronavirus disease 2019 has been associated with vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT), especially in young women who have presented with unusual localized thrombosis after receiving the vaccine. The pathogenesis of VITT remains incompletely understood. We tried to provide new insights into mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in the model of arterial thrombosis electrically induced in the carotid artery of female rats. At 28 days post-vaccination, ChAd induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody responses in all animals. The analysis of the blood vessel/thrombus area showed slight luminal narrowing of the carotid artery with extravasation of blood in vaccinated rats. These small changes were not accompanied by differences in thrombus weight and composition. The vaccinated animals presented a slight increase (by around 14–24%) in platelet aggregation. ChAd did not significantly affect blood coagulation, platelet counts, and their activation markers. Unaffected thrombus formation, the lack of thrombocytopenia and all the measured blood and hemostasis parameters that predominantly stayed unchanged, indicate that the ChAd does not increase the risk of arterial thrombosis development in female rats.     

Accurate detection of reemergent anti-donor ABO antibody is crucial for safe transfusion in ABO major incompatible HSCT patient after achieved the stages of full switch to donor type

Dynamic monitoring ABO chimera including erythroid ABO antigen and anti-A/B is crucial to not only assess the status of erythroid engraftment but also achieve personalized safety transfusion in patients post ABO incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transfusion support for ABO incompatible (ABOi) HSCT patients after achieved complete alteration to donor origin still remains cautious because the instant hematopoietic status on these transplant patients possibly returned to patient origin derived from early disease relapse and graft loss or failure. We reported that reemergent anti-B in a female patients (donor/patient: B/O) at the early phase after achievement complete donor type were not effectively found from partial automatic ABO blood grouping systems, which directly resulted in differential judgement of transplantation stage for about 15 days and disturbed the optimal recommendation on transfusion support. Meanwhile, the solely alteration of ABO chimera was found and earlier than changes of other markers such as MRD diagnosis, chimerism analysis by STR-PCR and sex chromosome assays, which can be an available predictors for bad transplant outcomes such as graft failure.     

血抗栓汤内服联合西医治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的观察活血抗栓汤联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死疗效。方法将80患者按抽签法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组奥扎格雷钠氯化钠注射液,500 mL/次,2次/d,静滴,治疗2周。治疗组在对照组基础上加用活血抗栓汤,水煎200 mL,1剂/d,2次/d,治疗2周。观测临床症状、神经功能、日常生活能力、凝血功能。结果治疗后,观察组红细胞聚集指数、血细胞容积、纤维蛋白原、全血高切黏度、血浆比黏度改善程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组ADL评分、NIHSS评分比较,无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血抗栓汤内服联合西医治疗急性脑梗死,可改善凝血功,值得推广。     

动态心电图诊断冠心病患者的临床效果

目的 探讨动态心电图与常规心电图诊断冠心病患者心肌缺血及心律失常的应用效果.方法 选择2015年3月—2017年3月期间医院收治的冠心病患者70例为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组为常规心电图,观察组为动态心电图.结果 观察组的心肌缺血阳性率低于对照组,阴性率高于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的房性心律失常、室性心律失常、短阵室上速、房室传导阻滞检出率高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 将动态心电图用于心律失常中能帮助患者早期确诊,临床上可以将动态心电图与常规心电图联合诊断,达到优势互补,提高诊断准确率.     

黄芪联合抗结核药对肺结核合并糖尿病患者细胞免疫炎性反应、凝血功能的影响

目的观察黄芪联合抗结核药对肺结核合并糖尿病(PTB-DM)患者细胞免疫炎性反应、凝血功能的影响。方法将2016年1月—2017年12月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院收治的80例PTB-DM患者患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。2组均给予常规四联抗结核治疗和胰岛素皮下注射,观察组在此基础上给予中药黄芪治疗,疗程为6个月。分别于治疗前后根据肺结核症状积分标准对患者咳嗽、咳痰、乏力、盗汗和食欲情况进行评分,观察2组治疗后痰液结核杆菌涂片转阴情况、空腹血糖(FPG)、细胞免疫指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及Th1、Th2细胞水平和Th17、Treg细胞表达率)、炎性指标[单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)]、凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、血小板(Plt)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和D-二聚体(D-D)]的变化,比较2组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后2组咳嗽、咳痰、乏力、盗汗和发热评分均明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。治疗2个月和6个月观察组痰涂片结核杆菌转阴率均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。治疗2个月、6个月2组FPG均明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组在治疗6个月时明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组CD3+、CD4+、Th1和Th17水平和CD4+/CD8+均升高(P均<0.05),且观察组明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);2组Th2、Treg水平及MCP-1、IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-β均明显下降(P均<0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。治疗后2组APTT、PT、TT均明显缩短(P均<0.05),Plt、FIB、D-D水平明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组缩短及降低程度明显大于对照组(P均<0.05)。治疗期间观察组胃肠道反应、肝功能受损、皮疹和白细胞降低发生率均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论黄芪联合抗结核药可以有效改善PTB-DM患者的临床症状,提高痰涂片转阴率,且不良反应少,可能与改善患者的细胞免疫状态和凝血功能、减轻炎性反应有关。     

推拿联合针灸治疗血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的:观察推拿手法联合针灸对血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年6月至2017年12月秦皇岛市中医医院收治的血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症患者100例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组接受单纯针灸治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用脊柱推拿手法,2组均以10次为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。比较2组患者治疗前、治疗3 d、10 d后JOA评分系统(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)、Oswestry功能障碍指数的变化、血小板计数、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、血栓弹力图及临床总有效率的变化、腰椎疼痛评分(VAS)、血清学指标、炎性因子的变化。结果:推拿手法联合针灸可明显改善血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症的JOA评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数及凝血状态,降低患者外周血SP、NPY、IL-1β、TNF-α水平,且具有时间依赖性。结论:推拿联合针灸可明显改善血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症症状,调节患者的高凝状态,该法具有一定的时间依赖性。     

Error rates in proficiency testing in Australia

ABSTRACT

Recent criticism of forensic science has focused on the fundamental aspects of the science, including the lack of supporting empirical studies, validation, accreditation, limitations and error rates. Proficiency tests are an essential component of accreditation and can be used to evaluate laboratory performance and identify systematic issues within components of the service provision. In 2016 we reported on the results of an analysis of 3176 CTS proficiency tests undertaken between 2005 and 2015 by Australian government service providers. The data analysed represented 43 unique CTS test types and covered 21 disciplines. Here we present further data from 2016 to 2017 and compare these results with those obtained from the previous study. These combined results further demonstrate that errors exist even though practitioners know they are examining proficiency tests and the tests undergo a review process. This study illustrates the need to continue to monitor trends in proficiency test results and also further highlights the need for well-designed, relevant, blind error rate studies to determine the approximate error rates for casework.     

左卡尼汀治疗心肌炎的临床效果与安全性观察

目的对心肌炎患者采用左卡尼汀治疗的效果和安全性进行探究。方法研究对象以2018年7月-2019年9月收治的心肌炎患者82例为对象,以随机数字表划分为常规组和研究组,两组患者每组41例。采用常规治疗方式对常规组进行治疗,在此基础上,采用左卡尼汀对研究组进行治疗。在治疗结束后,观察并比较临床疗效和用药过程的安全问题。结果研究组的治疗总有效率为97.6%,但常规组的治疗总有效率只有80.5%,从结果来看研究组的治疗有效率更高,效果更佳突出,组间结果差异对比(P <0.05)。在不良反应方面,研究组的不良反应(4.9%)虽然比常规组(2.4%)更高,然而从统计学结果来看差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论针对心肌炎患者采用左卡尼汀进行治疗具有很好的效果,而且具有很高的安全性。