Home Use Guidance for Aerosol-Generating Procedures During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

From the early days of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, there were concerns that nebulizers used for the treatment of respiratory diseases as aerosol-generating devices could enhance the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, given the absence of any compelling data showing that nebulized treatments increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is unnecessary for community-dwelling patients with respiratory diseases to alter their current therapies, including nebulized treatments, to prevent symptom exacerbations. Maintaining current inhaled therapies also minimizes the risk of hospitalization and hospital-acquired infection of SARS-CoV-2.     

Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

厦门市社区老年慢性病共病与不良生活方式共存现状研究

目的 调查社区老年人常见的14种慢性病共病情况及不良生活方式共存现象。 方法 采用方便抽样的方法抽取厦门市社区906例老年人群为研究对象,使用自设问卷调查研究对象的慢病共存及不良方式共存现象,使用检验和多因素logistic回归方法进行分析。结果 共纳入906例老年人,慢性病患病率为79.5%,老年人慢性病共病患病率为58.9%。主要的不良生活方式是BMI异常(46.8%)、饮酒(40.5%)、睡眠时间少(37.9%)、缺乏锻炼(35.2%)、吸烟(32.8%)等。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=2.232,95%CI:1.474～3.380,P＜0.001)、高龄(OR=2.038,95%CI:1.234～3.365,P=0.001)、有慢性病家族史(OR=2.854,95%CI:1.943～4.194,P＜0.001)、肥胖(OR=2.571,95%CI:1.096～6.033,P=0.030)、饮酒(OR=3.582,95%CI:2.531～5.071,P＜0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.789,95%CI:1.172～2.732,P=0.007)、嗜盐(OR=1.818,95%CI:1.170～2.823,P=0.008)、嗜油(OR=2.023,95%CI:1.153～3.550,P=0.010)、睡眠质量差(OR=2.091,95%CI:1.360～3.215,P=0.001)的老年人,慢性病共病的比例高。 结论 厦门市社区老年人慢性病共病和不良生活方式共存现象严重。肥胖、饮酒、吸烟、嗜盐、嗜油、睡眠质量差等行为生活方式是慢性病重要的可干预因素,社区工作者应提高社区居民对健康生活方式重要性的认识,促使其主动改变不良生活方式并长期坚持健康的生活方式,以降低其慢性病的发病风险,减少其伤残程度,提高生活质量。     

老年人口腔健康不良与肌少症的相关性及干预措施研究进展

肌少症是一种常见的老年综合征,它与老年人跌倒、衰弱和死亡等不良后果的发生密切相关,严重损害老年人的生活质量。而口腔健康是老年人全身健康的基础,对提高其总体生活质量和延长健康寿命有着至关重要的作用。研究表明,口腔健康不良可能会增加肌少症的发生风险。本文综述了近年来老年人口腔健康和肌少症的相关研究状况,总结二者相关机制并提出一些干预措施,为从口腔健康方面防治肌少症提供相关理论依据。     

高龄老年骨折患者手法固定后使用补气活血方的临床价值研究

目的:研究高龄老年骨折患者手法固定后使用补气活血方的临床价值。方法:纳入我院2017年1-12月收治的骨折患者共100例为研究对象,按照住院号单双数分组法分为观察组与对照组各50例,对照组实施手法固定后使用常规药物干预,观察组在对照组治疗方案基础上给予补气活血方,对比不同药物方案对患者骨折愈合时间、C反应蛋白(C-reactive Protein,CRP)及红细胞沉降率(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate,ESR)水平、疼痛评分差异。结果:①两组治疗前CRP、ESR、白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)水平无统计差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组患者指标水平优于对照组(P<0.05);②两组患者的疼痛评分治疗前无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后疼痛评分均下降,但观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组的骨折愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对高龄老年骨折患者使用手法固定联合补气活血方口服能够改善患者的骨折康复效果。     

延续性护理对提高老年慢性支气管炎患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨延续性护理对提高老年慢性支气管炎患者生活质量及降低并发症的影响。方法:2017年5月至2018年2月收治的45例患者为对照组,应用常规护理方法;2018年3-12月收治的46例为干预组,在对照组的基础上采取出院后延续性护理。比较干预前、干预3个月后2组患者生活质量及并发症发生的情况。结果:SF-36生活质量量表中除日常活动功能(RP)维度外(62.61±9.79VS63.76±8.53,P>0.05),干预组患者在躯体功能(60.88±7.86)、社会活动功能(58.32±6.74)、身体疼痛(53.37±8.67)、活力(59.67±11.41)、总体健康(58.94±7.62)5个维度评分均高于对照组(66.18±8.81、63.27±7.19、56.47±7.34、65.38±9.47、62.71±10.08)P<0.05;干预组并发症发生率低于对照组(10.87%VS26.67%,P<0.05)。结论:延续性护理能提高老年慢性支气管炎患者的生活质量,降低并发症的发生率。     

北京市社区老年人潜在不适当用药的调查分析

目的 调查北京市社区老年人潜在不适当用药(potentially inappropriate medication,PIM)现状.方法 采用自我报告方式,收集北京市社区215名老年人用药信息,根据2019版美国老年人PIM标准(Beers criteria for PIM use in older adults,Beers标准)和中国老年人潜在不适当用药判断标准(中国PIM标准)评价并做描述性分析.结果 根据2019版Beers标准发现66人(30.7%)存在84例次PIM,其中中枢神经系统药物(36例次)、血液系统药物(14例次)、内分泌系统药物(11例次)导致的PIM最多;采用中国PIM标准发现53人(24.7%)存在73例次PIM,前三位分别为:中枢神经系统药物(31例次),血液系统药物(17例次),解热、镇痛、抗炎与抗风湿药(17例次).结论 社区老年人PIM发生率较高,特别是中枢神经系统和血液系统用药需要引起关注.Beers标准和中国PIM标准可相互补充,且需不断更新完善.     

老年食管癌患者预后营养指数与老年营养风险指数的相关分析

目的:对中老年食管癌患者的预后营养指数和老年营养风险指数进行相关分析。方法:回顾性分析43例中老年食管癌患者的相关营养指标并进行相应的统计学检验。结果:PNI＜45营养不良组有9人，占20.93%；GNRI<98风险值组17人，占39.53%。营养良好组与营养不良组的PNI值在体重指数、白蛋白、前白蛋白、红细胞、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞值上均具有统计学差异，GNRI正常组、低风险组、中高风险组在体重指数、白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、PNI值上均具有统计学差异。PNI与GNRI存在线性依存关系。结论:PNI、GNRI均为监测营养状况的良好指标且存在依存关系，可作为筛查营养风险的基本指标。