鸡精促进产后乳汁分泌效果的临床观察

目的观察鸡精用于产后乳汁分泌的临床效果。方法产后每日早晚各服白兰氏鸡精70ml，共服3d，并与对照组、中药材催乳组对比。结果鸡精有促进早泌乳与增加泌乳量的作用。结论鸡精用于产妇有滋养身体，恢复产妇体力，促进早泌乳和增加泌乳量的作用，且饮用方便，效果好，无不良反应。     

Temporal bone density measurements using CT in otosclerosis

Objective—To assess the bone density around the bony labyrinth in otosclerosis patients and to compare it to that of a control population.

Material and Methods—This was a prospective case-control study. Ten patients with otosclerosis (mean age 42 years; range 24–55 years) and 33 control patients with vestibular schwannoma (mean age 46 years; range 20–71 years) were included. All patients underwent a clinical examination, audiometry and a CT scan comprising axial and coronal views of both temporal bones. In the otosclerosis group, audiometry showed unilateral involvement in six patients and bilateral hearing loss in four. The bone density was measured at the fissula ante fenestram (FAF) and at five other anatomical points on the bony labyrinth.

Results—In the control group, the bone density was similar at the six anatomical points. In the otosclerosis patients, the mean bone density at the FAF was lower than that in control patients (1649±99.1 vs 2049±13.4 HU; p<0.01). For patients with FAF bone densities <2000 HU, a correlation was observed between hearing threshold and FAF bone density.

Conclusion—FAF bone density appears to be a good indicator of disease progression, and could serve as a follow-up and prognostic parameter.     

The co-existence of depression,anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the perinatal period: A systematic review

Objectiveto identify and appraise the current international evidence regarding the presence and prevalence of the co-existence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the antenatal and post partum period.Methodsusing a list of keywords, Medline, CINHAL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science and the Index of Theses and Conference Proceedings (Jan 1960 – Jan 2015) were systematically searched. Experts in the field were contacted to locate papers that were in progress or in press. Reference lists from relevant review articles were searched. Inclusion criteria included full papers published in English reporting concurrent depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in pregnant and post partum women. A validated data extraction review tool was used.Findings3424 citations were identified. Three studies met the full inclusion criteria. All reported findings in the postnatal period. No antenatal studies were identified. The prevalence of triple co-morbidity was relatively low ranging from 2% to 3%.Conclusions and implications for practicetriple co-morbidity does occur, although the prevalence appears to be low. Due to the presentation of complex symptoms, women with triple co-morbidity are likely to be difficult to identify, diagnose and treat. Clinical staff should be aware of the potential of complex symptomatology.     

Post‐partum haemorrhage and tranexamic acid: a global issue

Post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH) remains the major cause of maternal death worldwide, with the overwhelming majority of bleeding deaths occurring in low income countries. These bleeding deaths occur due to a complex network of biological and socioeconomic factors, including changes to haemostasis and fibrinolysis during pregnancy. Tranexamic acid (TxA) has been shown to reduce death in bleeding trauma patients safely and is effective in reducing bleeding in surgical patients, however its role in PPH has been less well established. We discuss the impact of the recently published World Maternal Antifibrinolytic (WOMAN) trial, which demonstrated a significant reduction in bleeding deaths (Risk ratio 0·81) in women with PPH who received intravenous TxA compared to those receiving placebo. There were no increases in post‐partum thrombotic rates in mothers or breast‐fed babies. This trial has shown that intravenous TxA can be used safely and effectively to treat PPH, and should be implemented widely to reduce death due to PPH. However, for the full benefit of TxA to be fully realised in resource‐constrained settings, the effectiveness of oral or topical administration and/or pre‐emptive dosing need to be investigated.     

ADJUVANT EFFECT OF PLUCHEA QUITOC EXTRACT ON THE RESISTANCE OF TUMORBEARING MICE BY MODULATION OF THE HOST HEMATOPOIETIC RESPONSE

Progressive tumor growth is regularly accompanied by changes in the cellular constituents of the immune system. Evidence suggests that soluble factors generated during tumor growth can affect the amount of granulocytemacrophage progenitors. In vitro colony growth of progenitor cells may be an early indicator of the cellular changes associated with tumor growth. Pluchea quitoc has been previously found to modulate the hematopoietic response during bacterial infection. This study was designed to investigate the effects of P. quitoc on the growth and differentiation of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. In contrast to the myelosuppression developed in the tumor-bearing animals, treatment with P. quitoc ethanolic extract (250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days after tumor challenge reversibly stimulated myelopoiesis, restoring the number of CFU-GM to normal. This same dose-schedule also increased colony formation in normal mice as compared to controls. In addition, P. quitoc significantly enhanced survival of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest an immunoregulatory role for P. quitoc in counteracting the tumor-induced myelopoietic suppression as well as usefulness as adjuvant treatment of cancer.