Cáncer sincrónico de carcinosarcoma uterino y carcinoma seroso tubárico. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía

We report a rare case of uterine carcinosarcoma involving a 74-year-old woman. The patient complained of posmenopausal bleeding. The disease was eventually diagnosed as simultaneous uterine carcinosarcoma and high-grade serous tubal carcinoma.Clinical examination found a cervical tumour and transvaginal ultrasound showed a heterogeneous intrauterine image. The histological result of both findings was carcinosarcoma.The computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging reported similar findings for intrauterine and cervical tumour, with the same features as a possible myoma or mass with sarcomatous degeneration.Given the suspicion of a high-risk variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma, the primary management of carcinosarcoma is surgery. Complete surgical staging included total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection.The pathological findings revealed a uterine carcinosarcoma tumour, invading less than half the myometrium and the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. The histopathological studies of bilateral adnexectomy and the peritoneal biopsy demonstrated the presence of high-grade serous tubal carcinoma. The lymph study was negative for malignancy.We concluded a synchronous diagnosis of uterine carcinosarcoma stage II and high-grade serous tubal carcinoma stage IIIB.A detailed literature search and management of this entity are discussed.     

女性生育力评估

随着人口老龄化和生育力的下降,我国放开了三孩政策,对有生育要求的夫妇进行生育力评估显得非常必要。女性生育力与年龄关系密切,还依赖于卵巢、输卵管、子宫等生殖器官。本文就影响女性生育力的因素进行介绍。     

细胞因子IL-2、IL-10与高危型HPV感染和宫颈癌关系的

宫颈上皮内瘤变与宫颈癌关系密切，是宫颈癌癌前病变的统称，高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染是宫颈癌和癌前病变的最重要原因。机体通过增强抗感染免疫和抗肿瘤免疫，可使绝大多数妇女清除病毒和病变细胞，防止宫颈癌的发生。免疫细胞及其分泌的细胞因子在其中发挥了重要作用。细胞因子白细胞介素2（IL-2）、IL-10是由免疫原或其他因子刺激免疫细胞后所产生并分泌的低分子质量的可溶性蛋白质，且与受体的亲和力极高，为其发挥生物学效应提供了结构基础。IL-2、IL-10参与机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫，在宫颈病变的发生、发展中起到了重要的调控作用。但其在宫颈癌和癌前病变中发挥的具体作用及作用机制还不明确，尚存争议。本文综合相关文献报道，对细胞因子IL-2、IL-10与HR-HPV感染和宫颈癌的关系进行综述。     

鲜天南星水提取物对小鼠子宫纤维瘤的抑制作用和对小鼠雌激素的影响

【摘要】目的 探讨鲜天南星水提取物对小鼠子宫纤维瘤的抑制作用及对小鼠雌激素水平的影响。方法 选取SD健康雌性小鼠30只，随机分为正常组、模型组、实验组3组，每组各10只，对模型组、实验组进行子宫纤维瘤模型建立，正常组不作处理。实验组小鼠予以鲜天南星水提取物进行干预，正常组、模型组小鼠注射等体积生理盐水。对小鼠子宫重及子宫系数进行统计计算，酶联免疫吸附试验法检测雌二醇（Estradiol，E2）、孕酮（Progesterone，P）、卵泡刺激素（Follicle stimulating hormone，FSH）、黄体生成激素（Luteinizing Hormone，LH）水平。结果 干预后，模型组及实验组小鼠子宫重及子宫系数均高于正常组，实验组小鼠子宫重及子宫系数均低于模型组（P＜0.05）；干预后，模型组及实验组小鼠血清E2、P、FSH、LH水平均高于正常组，但实验组小鼠血清E2、P、FSH、LH水平均低于模型组（P＜0.05）。结论 鲜天南星水提取物可对小鼠子宫纤维瘤起到一定的抑制作用，并能对E2、P、FSH、LH等激素水平进行调控，为子宫纤维瘤的临床治疗提供一定的理论依据，值得临床借鉴。     

罗哌卡因切口浸润联合羟考酮静脉输注对剖宫产术后宫缩痛和早期恢复的影响

目的观察罗哌卡因切口浸润联合羟考酮静脉术后镇痛对剖宫产术后宫缩痛和产妇早期恢复的影响。方法择期行剖宫产手术产妇60例,年龄22～35岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为三组:羟考酮组(O组),罗哌卡因组(R组)和羟考酮联合罗哌卡因组(OR组)。O组患者于手术缝皮前静脉注射羟考酮0.1 mg/kg,R组患者于手术缝皮前皮下注射0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml浸润麻醉,OR组患者于手术缝皮前静脉注射羟考酮0.1 mg/kg联合皮下给予0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml浸润麻醉。术后VAS评分4分者静脉注射曲马多50 mg作为补救镇痛。比较三组产妇术后4、8、16、24、48 h的切口痛和宫缩痛的VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分、术后48 h曲马多补救镇痛例次、术后恢复情况、术后皮肤瘙痒和恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果术后16、24 h O组和OR组宫缩痛VAS评分明显低于R组(P0.05),O组和R组切口痛VAS评分明显高于OR组(P0.05),术后曲马多补救镇痛例次明显大于OR组(P0.05)。O组和R组恶心呕吐发生率明显高于OR组(P0.05)。三组其他不良反应和术后恢复情况差异无统计学意义。结论剖宫产手术应用羟考酮静脉术后镇痛联合罗哌卡因切口浸润为基础的多模式镇痛,能对产妇的切口痛和宫缩痛达到良好的镇痛效果,其中羟考酮在减轻宫缩痛方面作用明显,且不增加术后不良反应。     

宫角妊娠并胎盘植入引起子宫破裂一例并文献复习

宫角妊娠是一种少见的特殊类型异位妊娠，因其位置特殊极易漏诊，继续妊娠可能引起各种并发症，如流产、胎盘植入和子宫破裂等。穿透性胎盘植入更是产科少见的并发症，当宫角妊娠合并胎盘植入时，极易引起子宫破裂而发生大出血危及母儿生命。现报道吉林大学第二医院收治的1例宫角妊娠并胎盘植入引起子宫破裂的病例资料，并复习相关文献。探讨其发病原因、诊断和治疗方法，为临床诊断及治疗提供思路。     

ADAM9 Expression in Uterine Cervical Cancer and Its Associated Factors

Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease caused by human papillomaviruses. It is the third mostcommon cancer to occur in women of reproductive age. The ADAM9 protein plays a role in basement membranedegradation and tumour metastasis in certain types of tumour. Thus, it has the potential to become a new targetedtherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate ADAM9 expression in cervical cancer and to determine thefactors associated with ADAM9-positive expression. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in HospitalUniversiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) Kelantan, Malaysia from December 2010 to December 2012. Histological slidesobtained from 95 cervical cancer cases diagnosed and/or treated in HUSM from 2000 to 2010 were analysed. TheADAM9 immunostain was then performed on the paraffin blocks. The statistical data entry and analysis were doneusing SPSS version 18.0. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated withADAM9-positive expression. Result: Of the 95 cervical cancer patients included in the study, 72 (75.8%) patients showedpositive ADAM9 expression. The mean age of the patients was 53.89 (10.83) years old. Squamous cell carcinoma wasthe most common type of cervical cancer (n = 67, 70.5%). Factors that showed a statistically significant associationwith ADAM9-positive expression were tumour size (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]: 1.08; 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.02, 1.13; p = 0.004), distant metastasis (adj. OR: 12.82; 95% CI: 1.91, 86.13; p = 0.009) and the histologicaltype of cervical cancer (i.e. squamous cell carcinoma) (adj. OR: 7.39; 95% CI: 1.42, 38.51; p = 0.017). Conclusion:The ADAM9 immunostain was consistently positive in malignant cells. Thus, ADAM9 expression can be used as aprognostic/therapeutic indicator in aiding clinician decision-making regarding patient treatment (targeted therapy).