Therapeutic Consequences of Variation in Intraarterial Pressure Measurements After Iliac Angioplasty

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of intraarterial measurement of transstenotic pressure gradients for the detection of hemodynamically suboptimal iliac angioplasty. Methods: In 14 patients, referred for diagnostic angiography, mean pressure gradients in the aorta and iliac artery were obtained twice, using a double-sensor pressure catheter. Additional iliac measurements were performed during pharmacologically induced flow augmentation. Repeatability was assessed by calculation of the mean difference plus standard deviation (MD ± SD) and repeatability coefficient (2 × SD). These results were extrapolated to 137 iliac angioplasty procedures with secondary stenting where there was a residual pressure gradient > 10 mmHg. Results: MD ± SD for repeated measurements at rest and during flow augmentation were 0 ± 2 mmHg and 1 ± 3 mmHg, respectively. Repeatability coefficients were 3 and 6 mmHg. Mean pressure gradients after hemodynamically insufficient angioplasty were 8 ± 7 mmHg at rest and 17 ± 5 mmHg following vasodilatation. Inaccurate pressure recordings may have led to inappropriate stent placement in less than 2.5%, and inappropriate denial of stent placement in less than 5% of the lesions. Conclusion: Variability of intraarterial pressure measurements has little consequence in the detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis after angioplasty. Received: 0/00/00/Accepted: 0/00/00     

冠脉腔内支架置入术后联合抗凝的探讨

目的：评价冠脉腔内支架置术后低分子肝素、噻氯匹定和阿司匹联合抗凝的效果和安全性。方法：121例行经皮冠状动脉腔内支架置入术的患者，分成择期组86例，不稳定心绞痛低分于肝素抗凝不佳需行急仍支架入术者为急诊组1共15例，急性心肌梗死20例直接支架入术为急诊组2。急诊组1术前不停用分子肝素，术后低分子肝素0．4ml，每12h1次共7d；噻氯匹定0．25g／次，每天两次和阿司匹林0．1g／d，顿服共1月联合抗凝。结果：三组术后1例出现急性、亚急性闭塞，无严重的出血并发症，一周内无心绞痛发作。结论：冠脉腔内支架置术后低分子肝素、噻氯区定和阿司匹林联合抗凝可预防急性、亚急性闭塞，未增加要后出血的发生，安全性好。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of tibial arteries for limb salvage

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) was performed in 17 tibial arteries with an average cross-sectional area stenosis of 92% (range 75–99%) in 13 patients (14 limbs) for limb salvage. In 4 of 14 lower extremities, PTA of femoropopliteal arteries was also performed. Technical success with 50% or less residual stenosis was achieved in all 17 tibial vessels. At approximately 2 months after PTA, clinical improvement had occurred in 10 of 14 limbs; no patient was made worse. Most recent follow-up (mean 19 months, range 8–34 months) revealed continued satisfactory clinical success with no further vascular intervention in 9 of these 10 limbs (one patient died). Short segmental stenoses, residual stenoses less than 40% following PTA, and absence of diabetes or gangrene appear to be predictors of favorable clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that PTA of focal tibial stenosis is an effective and safe treatment modality in properly selected patients and that wider use of PTA may be justified.     

川芎嗪对急性心肌梗死血运重建后"心肌无复流"患者心肌组织灌注的影响

目的 观察川芎嗪对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者梗死相关血管（mA）再通后心肌无复流（No．reflow，NR）现象的疗效。方法 首次急性sr段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者，急诊经皮经腔冠状动脉介入（PCI）后，经单光子发射型计算机断层显像（SPECT）诊断为心肌NR者，随机分为治疗组（40例）和对照组（42例）。对照组接受常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗基础上静脉给予川芎嗪注射液。分别于24h内（4—24h）及15d后（15—28d）复查SPECT，观察左室心肌灌注缺损积分（myocardium peffusion defect score，MPDS），左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）和左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）。结果 24h内及15d后，治疗组的MPDS均较PCI后即刻减低，其减低幅度均显著大于对照组（均P〈0．05）；两组的LVESV和LVEDV均呈增加趋势，但治疗组LVESV和LVEDV的增加幅度显著低于对照组（均P〈0．05）；15d后治疗组SPECT心肌NR的发生率显著低于对照组。结论 川芎嗪可显著改善心肌组织灌注，减轻心肌NR现象，从而缩小心肌坏死范围。抑制心室重构。     

Recurrence rate after successful coronary angioplasty

Among 356 consecutive patients with successful TCA performedbetween October 1977 and June 1983 follow-up angiograms wereperformed in 333 patients (94%). A total of 439 follow-up angiogramsat 1–48 (average 5.6) months after successful angioplastywere analysed. Restenosis rate was 12% if defined as remaining widening ofless than 20% compared with the situation before angioplasty.It was 16% if defined as loss of at least half of the initialgain in luminal diameter, and 17% if defined as increase fromimmediate post-TCA-stenosis of 30% or the loss of at least halfof the initial gain in luminal diameter. This value droppedto 15% if the subgroup of 30 patients with second TCA and of14 patients with dilatation of an aortocoronary bypass stenosiswere excluded; in both subgroups recurrence rate was higher(33% and 45%, respectively). The observed restenosis rate isless than 50% of that reported by the PTCA registry of the NHLBI.Several factors can possibly be responsible for the reductionin restenosis rate: selection of patients; technique of TCA;medical treatment during and after TCA; modification of riskfactors, compliance of patients; unknown factors. Long-term medical treatment with acetyl salicylic acid, nitratesand calcium blockers in high doses is considered to be mostprobably responsible for the favourable results.     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术对心脏自主神经活动的影响

目的：观察经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后心率变异（ＨＲＶ）的变化,探讨ＰＴＣＡ和ＨＲＶ的影响。方法：ＰＴＣＡ患者１２０例,２４ｈ动态心电图（ＤＣＧ）记录ＰＴＣＡ术前１周、术后１周、术后６个月的心电信息并进行ＨＲＶ分析。结果：ＰＴＣＡ术后６个月ＨＲＶ指标中的２４ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ（和高频段的功率谱密度（ＨＦＰ）较术前明显增高（Ｐ分别不小于０．０５及０．０１）;ＰＴＣＡ术后冠状动脉再狭窄患     

Temporary strecker stent for management of acute dissection in popliteal and crural arteries

Stent placement is a widely used bail-out treatment for dissection of peripheral arteries. Below the level of the superficial femoral artery permanent stenting is complicated by a high incidence of subacute thrombosis and restenosis. We present two cases of arterial occlusion due to acute iatrogenic dissection of the popliteal and distal fibular arteries. Successful treatment was achieved with a new bail-out procedure. Strecker stents were implanted to seal off the dissection flap. Stents were retrieved easily after 24 hr using a myocardial biopsy forceps. After stent retrieval the temporarily stented segments were patent and showed a larger lumen compared with segments treated by balloon dilatation alone. Temporary stenting is a simple and safe procedure and offers the advantage of tacking up dissection membranes and preventing recoil. Persistent presence of a metallic implant as a source of continued injury and stimulus for intimal proliferation is avoided.     

Flexible tantalum stents for the treatment of renovascular hypertension: a 10-year experience

The aim of this study was to determine long-term success of flexible tantalum stents for the treatment of ostial and truncal renal artery stenosis. Since 1989, flexible tantalum stents (type Strecker) were implanted in 34 patients (36 arteries, 25 ostial lesions, 11 truncal lesions) with uncontrollable renovascular hypertension, 9 of them in association with renal insufficiency. Stents were placed unilaterally in 32 patients, and bilaterally in 2 patients for the treatment of renal artery stenosis. Thirty-five of 36 lesions were atherosclerotic, including 5 recurrencies after previous percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA). One patient had Takayasu arteritis. Stents were implanted after unsuccessful PTRA of 11 truncal and 23 ostial lesions, and as a primary procedure in 2 ostial lesions. Follow-up examinations included blood pressure measurement, determination of serum creatinine level, color duplex sonography, or angiography. The technical success rate was 92 %. Technical failure included incorrect stent placement (1 of 36 lesions, 2.8 %), and stent dislocation (2 of 36 lesions, 5.6 %), and two stents were retrieved percutaneously. In one case of Takayasu arteritis, residual stenosis of 40 % was observed. After technically successful stent placement, 77 % of patients became normotensive with or without medication. In the remaining patients there was partial improvement with blood pressure between 140 and 180 mmHg. Renal function improved in 76 % of patients (completely in 3 of 8, 38 %; and partially in 3 of 8, 38 %). Primary patency rate including all stented lesions and initial technical failures was 82.4 % ± 6.8 (1 year) and 82.4 % ± 9.2 (3 years). After technically successful stent placement, patency rates were 89.9 ± 5.6 % (1 year), and 89.9 ± 7.6 % (3 years). For ostial lesions, primary patency rate was 87.9 ± 6.7 % (1 year) and 87.9 ± 9.2 % (3 years). Placement of flexible tantalum stents in renal arteries is technically demanding, especially in ostial lesions. Once placed successfully, stent patency rate is excellent. Received: 8 December 1999; Accepted: 23 February 2000     

DSA引导下血管腔内成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的:探讨DSA引导下血管腔内成形术(TA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO-LE)的临床效果。方法:2017年3月至2019年4月,手术治疗的ASO-LE患者93例,依据治疗方式的不同分为A组(行TA,n=49)和B组[行下肢动脉旁路移植术(LEABG),n=44],两组患者均在数字减影血管造影(DSA)引导下进行。对比两组患者手术成功率;两组患者术前即刻(T1)、术后1 d(T2)、术后3 d(T3)及术后1周(T4)时刻视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS);对比术前(T1')、术后1个月(T2')及术后3个月(T3')时刻两组患者下肢缺血程度[患者踝肱指数(ABI)、趾肱指数(TBI)];对比T1'、T2'及T3'时刻两组患者足背动脉血流动力学[足背动脉内径(D)、血流峰速(PV)、血流量(BF)];对比T1'、T2'及T3'时刻两组患者下肢感觉神经传导速度(SNCV)和运动神经传导速度(MNCV);术后6个月,对比两组患者并发症发生率。结果:两组患者手术成功率无显著差异(P>0.05);患者VAS评分组间、时间、交互对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与T1相比,T2、T3及T4时两组患者VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),与T2相比较,T3及T4时两组患者VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),与T3相比较,T4时两组患者VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),A组T2、T3及T4时刻VAS评分均低于B组(P<0.05);ABI、TBI、D、PV、BF、SNCV和MNCV组间、时间、交互对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与T1'相比,T2'及T3'时两组患者ABI、TBI、D、PV、BF、SNCV和MNCV均升高(P<0.05);与T2'相比较,T3'时2组患者ABI、TBI、下肢SNCV和MNCV均升高(P<0.05),A组T2'及T3'时刻ABI、TBI、D、PV、BF、SNCV和MNCV均高于B组(P<0.05);A组患者并发症发生率显著低于B组(P<0.05)。结论:相比LEABG,DSA引导下对ASO-LE患者进行TA治疗能够减轻疼痛,改善下肢缺血及足背动脉血流动力学,提高下肢SNCV和MNCV,降低并发症的发生率。     

Clinical impact of direct referral to primary percutaneous coronary intervention following pre-hospital diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Treatment delay is a powerful predictor of survival in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated effectiveness of pre-hospital diagnosis of STEMI with direct referral to PCI, alongside more conventional referral strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2003 to December 2004, 658 STEMI patients were referred for primary PCI at our intervention laboratory. Three predefined referral routes were compared: (1) for patients within 90 min drive of the PCI centre, pre-hospital diagnosis and direct transportation (n=166), (2) diagnosis at the interventional hospital emergency department (n=316), (3) diagnosis at local hospitals before transportation (n = 176). Pre-hospital diagnosis was associated with more than 45 min reduction in treatment delay (P = 0.001). No significant difference in in-hospital mortality was apparent in the overall study population. In the cardiogenic shock subgroup (n = 80), pre-hospital diagnosis was associated with a two-thirds reduction in in-hospital mortality (P = 0.019); mortality was only 6.2% in shock patients who underwent PCI in < 2 h. CONCLUSION: This study shows that pre-hospital diagnosis can provide a reduction in primary PCI treatment delay, and suggests the hypothesis that this referral strategy might provide survival benefits to patients with cardiogenic shock.