使用J-ValveTM系统经心尖导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗高危主动脉瓣关闭不全患者:1年随访中期结果

目的分析使用J-Valve^TM系统行经心尖主动脉瓣置换术(transapical aortic valve implantation,TA-TAVI)治疗高危主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的中期临床预后。方法回顾性收集2016年9月至2020年6月在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院连续收治的25例使用J-Valve^TM系统经心尖TAVI治疗的主动脉瓣关闭不全患者资料,分析总结术后全因病死率,不良事件发生率及心功能改善情况。结果25例中男19例,年龄范围为59~83岁,平均年龄(72.3±27.11)岁。经胸超声心动图检查评估重度主动脉瓣反流比例达88%,心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅲ-Ⅳ级占92%。患者最常合并的基础病为高血压(占68%),合并冠心病5例,既往心脏手术史3例,术前胸外科医师协会(the Society of Thoracic Surgeons,STS)评分为1.511%~27.674%,中位STS评分为4.27(2.914~6.033)%。手术均成功置入J-Valve瓣膜,无中转开胸。术后置入永久起搏器2例,CRRT 1例,中度及以上瓣周漏1例。手术早期疗效可观,不良事件发生率低,中期随访心功能及心室逆重构也有持续改善表现。结论对于高危主动脉瓣关闭不全患者使用J-Valve^TM系统行经心尖TAVI可获得较好的围手术期安全性及中期预后。     

Transapical mitral valved stent implantation: Enhanced survival and decreased paravalvular leakages

Background/Objectives

This study presents the recent results of transapical implantation of a new design of a mitral valved stent with up to three months follow-up.

Methods

A self-expanding re-designed mitral valved stent was implanted via transapical approach into the beating heart of eight pigs. Echocardiographic- and hemodynamic parameters were assessed before (n = 8), at 1 h (n = 8), at one month (n = 6), at two months (n = 2), and at three months (n = 1) after implantation and a cardiac CT was conducted.

Results

The stent was successfully deployed in all animals. Two animals died within the first month due to incorrect fixation force. Echocardiographic evaluation showed low gradients (3.9 ± 1.4 mm Hg and 1.9 ± 0.8 mm Hg across the valved stent and aortic valve) and a normal mitral annular plane systolic excursion (1.1 ± 0.2 cm) after one month. No paravalvular leakages (PVL) were detected after 1 h. The pulmonary artery pressure did not increase after valved stent implantation (p ≥ 0.106). The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) slightly increased to 16 ± 3 mm Hg after one month (p = 0.033). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was mildly elevated (15.8 ± 8.6 mm Hg) after one month.

Conclusions

Secure deployment and correct position of the valved stents were reproducibly achieved in the off-pump implantation procedure. No paravalvular leakages after 1 h as well as low gradients, few stent fractures and a normal longitudinal function after one month were achieved with this newly developed and well-aligned prototype. However, a number of challenges have been identified during this study and potential for improvement has been identified.     

Implantación de prótesis aórticas vía transapical. Experiencia inicial

We report our initial experience with transapical aortic valve implantation. All six of our patients were octogenarians, all had significant associated comorbid conditions and, according to the logistic EuroSCORE, their mortality was expected to be 22%. All procedures were performed successfully and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Five patients were discharged between postoperative days 5 and 7 with normally functioning prostheses.     

经食管超声心动图引导及评价经心尖的主动脉瓣植入术的实验动物研究

目的 旨在研究通过术中经食管超声心动图引导经心尖的人工主动脉瓣支架瓣膜的植入手术.方法 使用北京美中双和医疗器械公司生产的20 mm的主动脉瓣支架瓣膜通过经食管超声心动图的引导经过心尖部植入到6只30～40 kg的实验猪心脏中.将6只实验猪分为2组:A组3只实验猪,使用经食管二维超声心动图结合X线引导经心尖的主动脉瓣支架瓣膜的植入术;B组3只实验猪,使用经食管三维超声心动图结合X线引导经心尖的主动脉瓣支架瓣膜的植入术.均使用心尖切口,在快速心室起搏的条件下置放瓣膜.结果 所有瓣膜都顺利地置放在实验猪正常的主动脉瓣位上.A组有1个瓣膜发生移位,X线的平均曝光时间是15 min;B组没有瓣膜发生移位,X线的平均曝光时间是10 min.术后均通过活体检查确证支架瓣膜的具体位置,A组检出1例瓣周漏,B组未发现有瓣周漏.结论 经食管实时三维超声心动图能够更加有效地引导经心尖主动脉瓣支架瓣膜的植入手术.