中西医结合治疗肺栓塞的临床疗效观察

目的:探析中西医结合治疗肺栓塞的临床疗效。方法:选取2017年3月-2019年3月期间我院收治的92例肺栓塞患者,按信封法分为联合组与对照组,每组46例。两组患者均接受常规溶栓、抗凝治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上增加低分子肝素治疗,联合组在对照组基础上增加疏血通注射液治疗,对比两组治疗效果、不良反应,并对比两组患者治疗前后血气指标[氧分压(Partial Pressure of Oxygen,PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide,PaCO2)]及D-二聚体水平的变化情况。结果:对照组治疗总有效率较联合组更低;治疗后,两组患者PaO2、PaCO2均显著上升,其中联合组PaO2上升幅度大,而两组患者D-二聚体水平均显著下降,其中联合组下降幅度大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组患者治疗后PaCO2相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组不良反应发生率略低于联合组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在常规溶栓、抗凝治疗基础上增加低分子肝素结合疏血通注射液治疗肺栓塞的效果显著,可有效改善血气功能,降低机体D-二聚体水平,且不增加不良反应。     

血小板减少合并缺血性卒中的诊治进展

在临床中，如果免疫性血小板减少（immune thrombocytopenia，ITP）、肝素诱发的血小板减少 （heparin-induced thrombocytopenia，HIT）、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜（thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura， TTP）等血小板减少疾病患者合并缺血性卒中，其治疗存在矛盾。本文对血小板减少的病因机制及血小 板减少合并急性缺血性卒中时静脉溶栓、机械取栓及抗血小板治疗等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Ultrasound with Microbubble Contrast Agent and Urokinase for Thrombosis

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of urokinase (UK) in combination with ultrasound and microbubbles in in vitro and in vivo thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Thrombi with formation times of 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d were used for thrombolysis. Forty-five adult mongrel dogs were used to evaluate thrombosis in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that UK?+?microbubbles had the best effect among the combinations. Thrombolysis <7 d was more effective at a thrombolysis rate of about 50%, but the thrombolytic effect of thrombi >7 d was poor at thrombolysis rates <30%. Ultrasound?+?UK significantly increased the thrombolysis rate of thrombi <7 d. These results suggest that the combination of ultrasound with microbubble contrast agents and UK may have a synergistic effect on thrombolysis.     

Endovascular Treatment Outcome and CT Angiography Findings in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion with and without Underlying Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis

PurposeTo compare clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) in acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) with and without underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and to investigate the usefulness of preprocedural CT angiography findings in the diagnosis of ICAS.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients who received IAT for acute BAO between September 2014 and March 2019 were included. Additional therapies such as angioplasty, stent placement, and tirofiban infusion were provided while treating ICAS. Clinical and angiographic results of treatment were recorded. Preprocedural CT angiography findings in ICAS and non-ICAS groups were compared to assess (i) basilar tip opacification, (ii) partial occlusion, (iii) presence of convex border, (iv) occlusion segment longer than two thirds of the basilar artery or 20 mm, (v) dense basilar artery, and (vi) wall calcification in the occluded segment.ResultsAmong the 20 patients (mean age, 71.3 y; mean stroke score, 24.8), optimal recanalization was achieved in 19 (95%). Three patients had good clinical outcomes. There were 6 patients with underlying ICAS. No difference was observed between ICAS and non-ICAS groups in terms of optimal angiographic recanalization and good outcome. On CT angiography, basilar tip occlusion (100% vs 29%), partial occlusion (100% vs 83%), and long occlusion length (100% vs 14%) significantly differed between the groups (P ≤ .01).ConclusionsIn acute BAO, underlying ICAS does not affect optimal recanalization rate or clinical outcome. Preprocedural CT angiography is a potentially useful tool to detect it.     

The Effect of Short Duration Ultrasound Pulses on the Interaction Between Individual Microbubbles and Fibrin Clots

In previous work, we examined microscale interactions between microbubbles and fibrin clots under exposure to 1 ms ultrasound pulses. This provided direct evidence that microbubbles were capable of deforming clot boundaries and penetrating into clots, while also affecting fluid uptake and inducing fibrin network damage. Here, we investigate the effect of short duration (15 μs) pulses on microscale bubble-clot interactions as function of bubble diameter (3–9 μm) and pressure. Individual microbubbles (n = 45) were placed at the clot boundary with optical tweezers and exposed to 1 MHz ultrasound. High-speed (10 kfps) imaging and 2-photon microscopy were performed during and after exposure, respectively. While broadly similar phenomena were observed as in the 1 ms pulse case (i.e., bubble penetration, network damage and fluid uptake), substantial quantitative differences were present. The pressure threshold for bubble penetration was increased from 0.39 MPa to 0.6 MPa, and those bubbles that did enter clots had reduced penetration depths and were associated with less fibrin network damage and nanobead uptake. This appeared to be due in large part to increased bubble shrinkage relative to the 1 ms pulse case. Stroboscopic imaging was performed on a subset of bubbles (n = 11) and indicated that complex bubble oscillations can occur during this process.     

Thrombolysis safety and effectiveness in acute ischemic stroke patients with pre-morbid disability

IntroductionRecombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the first-line therapy demonstrated to be safe and effective in acute ischemic stroke. People with pre-existing severe dementia or physical disability are usually excluded from rt-PA. The aim of our study was to investigate rt-PA safety and effectiveness in acute stroke with pre-existing disability (mRS ≥ 2).MethodsThe study encompassed 35 acute ischemic stroke patients with mRS ≥ 2 treated with rt-PA. In order to assess the differences in clinical outcome in three disability groups (mRS = 2; 3; 4/5), the following parameters were evaluated: intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality, NIHSS, ΔNIHSS and mRS.ResultsBaseline-NIHSS and age were not significantly different among groups. Mortality was higher in the pre-morbid mRS 4/5 group (44%) than in the pre-morbid mRS 2 (16.7%) and mRS 3 groups (21.4%). In survived patients, median ΔNIHSS% was higher in the mRS 2 and 3 groups (-63.3% and −92.3%, respectively) than in the mRS 4/5 group (−9.1%). The 247 rt-PA treated subjects with mRS < 2 in the same period showed lower mortality rate (4.7%), lower sICH (5%), lower mRS at discharge (median 1; range 0–6) and similar ΔNIHSS% (−75%).ConclusionPatients with mRS 2 and 3 may benefit from rt-PA with a moderate risk of sICH and mortality.