棉酚服用者睾丸活检的形态及定量组织学研究

对48例服棉酚者睾丸活检组织进行形态学及定量组织学研究。光镜下可见紊乱型、脱落型和严重障碍型三种精子发生障碍。电镜下可见除精子细胞、精母细胞改变外,精原细胞及支持细胞结构也有明显改变。自动图象分析结果表明:三种类型生精障碍曲细精管横截面平均面积和平均细胞总面积与正常对照相比,存在非常显著差异:三种类型生精障碍之间的曲细精管横截面平均面积和平均细胞总面积也有非常显著差异。     

Highly sensitive quantitative telomerase assay of diagnostic testicular biopsy material predicts the presence of haploid spermatogenic cells in therapeutic testicular biopsy in men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome

The role of a telomerase assay in the recognition of Sertoli cell-only syndrome with testicular foci of haploid cells was evaluated. Men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (n = 23) were given a new diagnostic testicular biopsy. Part of the biopsy was stained and the remainder was processed for the quantitative telomerase assay. After 3-13 months, a therapeutic testicular biopsy was performed. This material was minced and then examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Histology of diagnostic testicular biopsy material confirmed the diagnosis of Sertoli cell-only syndrome in all the participants. All seven men with a telomerase assay value in their diagnostic testicular biopsy of >42 total product generated (TPG) U/microg protein had haploid cells (i.e. spermatozoa and/or spermatids) in their therapeutic testicular biopsy. Among participants with telomerase assay values <42 TPG U/microg protein, only one man had haploid cells in his therapeutic testicular biopsy. Thus, telomerase assay values >42 TPG U/microg protein in the diagnostic biopsy identified 87.5% of the Sertoli cell-only syndrome men with haploid cells in their therapeutic testicular biopsy. Significantly higher values of the telomerase assay were found in men with testicular foci of haploid cells than in men without these foci. The use of a quantitative telomerase assay biopsy appears to be important for identifying those men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome who have foci of haploid cells and can be candidates for assisted reproduction techniques.     

某院三级查房考核质量分析

目的了解三级查房中各级医师存在问题,提出改进策略。方法由7名具有高级职称的临床专家,按照统一评分标准进行观摩并打分,利用词云图分析存在问题。结果一级医师存在辅助检查解读不全面、疑难点报告不清晰、病历陈述缺项、查体手法不规范及查体前后未执行手卫生等问题;二级医师存在解答疑难问题不全面、临床思维讲解不透彻及查体纠正不到位等问题;三级医师存在对国内外最新知识进展讲解不全面及对查房内容点评不到位等问题。结论各级医师查房中都存在一定问题。医院管理者应针对不同级别医师提供个性化培训,促其努力提升医疗服务能力。同时,树立优秀科室榜样,充分发挥榜样带动作用。此外,还应充分利用人工智能技术辅助。     

联苯双脂滴丸制备工艺的研究

目的　对滴丸剂型的制备工艺进行研究。方法与结果　通过对联苯双脂滴丸制备过程的试验 ,确定了联苯双脂滴丸的重量、处方组成与制备工艺 ,讨论了影响滴丸成形、丸的圆整度和丸重差异的因素。结论　该制备工艺适用于滴丸剂型的工业化生产。     

Ooplasmic round spermatid nuclear injection procedures as an experimental treatment for nonobstructive azoospermia

Purpose: Our objective was to apply ooplasmic round spermatid nuclear injections for the treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia. Materials: Participants were nine azoospermic men who had previously undergone diagnostic testicular biopsy. Spermatogenetic arrest was diagnosed at the round spermatid stage (n=6) or primary spermatocyte stage (n=3). A second (therapeutic) testicular biopsy was performed and round spermatid nuclei were recovered from all the participants. Results: Forty-nine mature oocytes were successfully injected with nuclei and then cultured for 72 hr. Twenty-four embryos were transferred to nine women. No pregnancy was achieved. Conclusions: Round spermatids can be recovered from therapeutic testicular biopsy material of men negative for round spermatids in previous routine diagnostic testicular biopsy specimens. Round spermatid nuclear injections may play a role in the treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia.     

圆窗区颞骨切片和CT对照观察

目的明确圆窗区及其相关结构在耳的横断薄层和在CT上的定位及毗邻关系,为该区域病变的影像诊断和手术治疗提供解剖学参考.方法外观无异常的经10%甲醛固定的成人头颅标本15例(30侧),以眦耳线为基线,用高分辨率CT扫描,获得间隔为1.00 mm,厚度为1.00 mm的CT图像,扫描后的颅脑标本按原定位截取以耳颞区为中心的组织块,常规脱钙、脱水、火棉胶浸胶,包埋并按标记切制成厚为1.00 mm的连续横断薄层切片,肉眼和手术显微镜下观察切片的下表面并扫描照相.标本切片与CT图像对照,逐一辨识颞骨内听小骨、骨性半规管、前庭、圆窗、圆窗龛、耳蜗、锥隆起、内耳道、耳蜗水管等结构.结果颞骨横断CT扫描,有18～22个层面,圆窗和圆窗龛出现层面多为第10层(右侧)和第11层(左侧),圆窗龛前壁厚度平均为右侧0.92 mm和左侧0.90 mm,龛深平均为右侧1.89 mm和左侧2.04 mm,龛与颈静脉窝间骨壁的平均距离为右侧2.10 mm和左侧2.39 mm.龛前壁厚度、龛深、龛与颈静脉窝骨壁的距离左、右侧差异无显著性 (P>0.05).结论耳颞区火棉胶薄层断面标本能良好显示圆窗区及其周围结构的解剖位置和毗邻关系,可直接与高分辨率CT扫描图像进行对照研究,其结果对耳科疾病的影像诊断及手术治疗有参考价值.     

Breast cancers with round lumps: Correlations between imaging and anatomopathology

A round lump with a well-defined outline is, in most cases, benign. However, in 10 to 20% of all cases, a round and well-defined lump may correspond to a cancer. Most often, it consists of grade III infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Other histological sub-types may provide round masses with smooth contours: colloid carcinoma (still called mucinous carcinoma), medullary carcinoma, intramammary metastases, intra-cystic papillary carcinoma, lymphoma and high-grade phyllode tumours.