Systemic immune inflammation index in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

ObjectivesRecurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) a chronic idiopathic oral mucosal disease. But yet the etiology and pathogenesis of RAS are not exactly known, it is thought that inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of systemic inflammation among the possible etiological factors of RAS and to find the possible diagnostic correlation between Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII).MethodsPatients who were consulted the otolaryngology outpatient clinic and diagnosed with RAS between 2019–2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and SII values were calculated based on the results of complete blood count. Demographic and hematological parameters between control and RAS groups were compared. The statistical significance level was considered as <0.05.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the control and RAS groups in terms of sex and age distributions (p = 0.566 and p = 0.173, respectively). SII, NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). A very strong correlation between SII and NLR, moderately strong correlation between SII and PLR and moderate correlation between NLR and PLR values were detected (respectively ρ: 0.813, 0.719, 0.532; p-values <0.001).ConclusionSII, NLR and PLR has significantly higher levels in the RAS group compared to the control group, that it supports the role of systemic inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of RAS. In addition, the results show that SII is a valuable marker for inflammation.Level of evidence4.     

Interplay of immune components and their association with recurrent pregnancy loss

Maintenance and progression of pregnancy is an intricate process governed by a variety of developmental cues. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a complication experienced by expecting mothers that is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. This review focuses on the dysfunctions of the immune system as one of the key contributors towards RPL. The current data suggests that the alloimmune and autoimmune factors contribute to the loss of fetus. Such causes despite being recognized as a definitive reason for recurrent pregnancy loss, are still under extensive investigation with new parameters being discovered and scrutinized for their association with RPLs. More in-depth and high throughput studies are required for devising better diagnostic tools and management strategies for the affected female so that they can carry their pregnancy to term.     

CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因分型与急性缺血性脑卒中再发脑卒中的关系

目的探讨细胞色素P450药物代谢酶(CYP)2C19基因分型与氯吡格雷治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者再发脑卒中的关系。方法选取2018年5月—2018年12月常州市第一人民医院收治接受氯吡格雷治疗的159例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,检测患者入院后空腹外周血中CYP2C19*2,CYP2C19*3基因分型。对患者进行随访,随访截至2020年2月,观察再发脑卒中的情况,并分析CYP2C19*2,CYP2C19*3基因分型与再发脑卒中关系。结果随访时间14~22个月,平均随访时间为(18.2±1.5)个月,共7例患者失访,共20例(13.2%)患者复发缺血性脑卒中。再发脑卒中患者中CYP2C19*2 GG型及CYP2C19*3 GG型均低于无复发患者(P<0.05),CYP2C19*2 GA型,CYP2C19*2 AA型CYP2C19*3 GA型,CYP2C19*3AA型均高于无复发患者(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier法并Log-rank检验结果显示,CYP2C19*2 GG型无复发时间长于AA型,差异有统计学意义(Log-rank=6.759,P=0.034)。CYP2C19*3GG型无复发时间长于AA型,差异有统计学意义(Log-rank x2=8.660,P=0.013)。多因素Cox分析结果显示,糖尿病、氯吡格雷抵抗,CYP2C19*2及CYP2C19*3基因型是再发脑卒中影响因素(P<0.05)。结论在接受氯吡格雷治疗急性缺血性脑卒中患者中,CYP2C19*2及CYP2C19*3突变型再发脑卒中的风险明显增高。     

复发性流产患者病因构成分析

背景　复发性流产（RSA）发病率呈逐年上升趋势，严重影响妇女身心健康，目前现代医学对RSA的病因和发病机制尚未完全明确。目的　了解RSA病因的分布情况，以及流产孕周与流产次数和RSA病因之间的关系。方法　选取2018年在新疆医科大学第二附属医院确诊为RSA的患者198例，收集患者的一般资料包括年龄、自然流产次数、流产孕周，并筛查患者的病因：染色体异常、生殖道解剖结构异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常等，并对这些资料进行回顾性分析。根据患者的流产孕周，分为早期RSA组（<12周）（155例）和晚期RSA组（≥12周）（43例）；根据流产次数分为2次组（123例）和≥3次组（75例）。分析RSA患者各病因所占比例，以及RSA病因在不同流产孕周组和不同流产次数组间的差异。结果　198例RSA患者，染色体异常9例（4.55%），生殖道解剖结构异常11例（5.56%），内分泌系统异常36例（18.18%），生殖道感染14例（7.07%），自身免疫异常30例（15.15%），不明病因98例（49.49%）。晚期RSA组患者生殖道解剖结构异常发生率大于早期RSA组，不明病因发生率低于早期RSA组（P<0.05）；早期RSA组与晚期RSA组患者染色体异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。流产次数2次组和流产次数≥3次组患者染色体异常、生殖道解剖结构异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常、不明病因发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　导致RSA的病因有多种，包括染色体异常、生殖道解剖结构异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常及不明病因等多种因素，其中不明病因的RSA占多数；生殖道解剖结构异常对妊娠晚期的影响大于妊娠早期。     

Cholecystectomy reduces subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk in choledocholithiasis patients undergoing endoscopic intervention

BACKGROUNDCholangiocarcinoma is a disease with a high mortality rate. Our previous study revealed that cholelithiasis patients who undergo endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES)/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation are at a higher risk for subsequent cholangiocarcinoma than cholelithiasis patients who undergo cholecystectomy.AIMTo clarify the relationship between recurrent biliary events and subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk in choledocholithiasis patients.METHODSFrom one million random cases in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database 2004–2011, we selected symptomatic choledocholithiasis patients older than 18 years who were admitted from January 2005 to December 2009 (study group). Cases for a control group were defined as individuals who had never been diagnosed with cholelithiasis, matched by sex and age in a 1:3 ratio. The study group was further divided into ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, both ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation and cholecystectomy, and no intervention groups.RESULTSWe included 2096 choledocholithiasis patients without previous intervention or cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 12 (2.35%), 11 (0.74%), and 1 (1.00%) subsequent cholangiocarcinoma cases were diagnosed among 511 ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation patients, 1485 patients with no intervention, and 100 ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation and cholecystectomy patients, respectively. The incidence rates of recurrent biliary event were 527.79/1000 person-years and 286.69/1000 person-years in the subsequent cholangiocarcinoma and no cholangiocarcinoma group, showing a high correlation between subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk and recurrent biliary events.CONCLUSIONCholedocholithiasis patients who undergo further cholecystectomy after ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation have decreased subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk due to reduced recurrent biliary events.     

琥珀酰胆碱与罗库溴铵用于麻醉诱导对甲状腺手术患者术中喉返神经监测的影响[论著]

目的　比较常规剂量琥珀酰胆碱与小剂量罗库溴铵用于麻醉诱导对甲状腺手术患者术中喉返神经监测的影响。方法　选取2019年4月至2019年7月本院120例同一外科医师团队甲状腺手术喉返神经监测患者，随机分为A组：麻醉诱导肌松药物为琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg；B组：麻醉诱导肌松药物为罗库溴铵0.3 mg/kg。麻醉医师待肌松监测显示到最大抑制后，通过气管插管条件评分评估两组患者气管插管条件。记录各组插管时间、等待时间；迷走神经和喉返神经电信号基础值；以及术中血压波动、术后咽痛、声音嘶哑、低氧血症、苏醒延迟等并发症。外科医师通过神经肌电监测仪进行喉返神经刺激评估两组患者喉返神经监测情况。结果　A组患者气管插管条件优于B组，A组插管时间、肌松监测时间小于B组，两组手术监测时间差异无统计学意义。A组首次神经监测信号值大于B组，A组首次监测例数多于B组，两组患者术中无体动，血压下降差异无统计学意义。麻醉术后并发症，A组咽痛少于B组，A组有少量患者发生肌痛，差异无统计学意义。结论　1.5 mg/kg琥珀酰胆碱用于甲状腺手术患者的麻醉诱导，可以提供较好的插管条件，不影响外科医师术中行喉返神经监测，同时减少患者术后咽痛的发生。     

加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床效果

目的：探讨加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）的临床效果。方法：选取2016年8月至2018年8月重庆市人民医院收治的ROU患者124例作为研究对象，随机分成观察组和对照组，每组62例。对照组口服维生素B12治疗，观察组在此基础上内服加味甘草干姜汤治疗，疗程均为14 d。比较2组疗效及安全性。结果：观察组总有效率达96.8%（60/62），显著高于对照组85.5%（53/62），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较，2组治疗后疼痛指数、溃疡面积和平均溃疡期均显著改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），外周血CD3+、CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值及唾液中链球菌、韦荣菌数量均显著上升，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），外周血CD8+水平均显著下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组比对照组对以上指标的改善更显著，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组均未见明显不良反应。随访6个月，观察组复发率为11.3%（7/62），较对照组的25.8%（16/62）显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗ROU的整体疗效确切，可能与其显著纠正外周血T淋巴细胞亚群免疫失衡、维持口腔微环境稳态有关。