全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19067篇 |
免费 | 1453篇 |
国内免费 | 519篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 300篇 |
儿科学 | 332篇 |
妇产科学 | 680篇 |
基础医学 | 359篇 |
口腔科学 | 447篇 |
临床医学 | 2488篇 |
内科学 | 3483篇 |
皮肤病学 | 80篇 |
神经病学 | 360篇 |
特种医学 | 456篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 4728篇 |
综合类 | 2973篇 |
预防医学 | 957篇 |
眼科学 | 152篇 |
药学 | 1757篇 |
30篇 | |
中国医学 | 747篇 |
肿瘤学 | 709篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 460篇 |
2022年 | 725篇 |
2021年 | 904篇 |
2020年 | 943篇 |
2019年 | 771篇 |
2018年 | 670篇 |
2017年 | 728篇 |
2016年 | 730篇 |
2015年 | 733篇 |
2014年 | 1605篇 |
2013年 | 1499篇 |
2012年 | 1247篇 |
2011年 | 1349篇 |
2010年 | 1043篇 |
2009年 | 977篇 |
2008年 | 932篇 |
2007年 | 894篇 |
2006年 | 749篇 |
2005年 | 684篇 |
2004年 | 513篇 |
2003年 | 434篇 |
2002年 | 411篇 |
2001年 | 290篇 |
2000年 | 243篇 |
1999年 | 204篇 |
1998年 | 146篇 |
1997年 | 129篇 |
1996年 | 100篇 |
1995年 | 111篇 |
1994年 | 101篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 70篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 45篇 |
1988年 | 53篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 36篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
Although methadone is effective in the management of acute pain, the complexity of its absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion profile limits its use as an opioid of choice for perioperative analgesia. Because deuteration is known to improve the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological properties of some drugs, here we characterized the single dose pharmacokinetic properties and post-operative analgesic efficacy of d9-methadone.The pharmacokinetic profiles of d9-methadone and methadone administered intravenously to CD-1 male mice revealed that deuteration leads to a 5.7- and 4.4-fold increase in the area under the time-concentration curve and maximum concentration in plasma, respectively, as well as reduction in clearance (0.9 ± 0.3 L/h/kg vs 4.7 ± 0.8 L/h/kg). The lower brain-to-plasma ratio of d9-methadone compared to that of methadone (0.35 ± 0.12 vs 2.05 ± 0.62) suggested that deuteration decreases the transfer of the drug across the blood-brain barrier. The estimated LD50 value for a single intravenous dose of d9-methadone was 2.1-fold higher than that for methadone. Moreover, d9-methadone outperformed methadone in the efficacy against postoperative pain by primarily activating peripheral opioid receptors. Collectively, these data suggest that the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in three methyl groups of methadone altered its pharmacokinetic properties, improved safety, and enhanced its analgesic efficacy. 相似文献
2.
BackgroundFindings on the usefulness of massage therapy (MT) in postoperative pain management are often inconsistent among studies.ObjectivesThis study’s aim is to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to clarify the effects of massage therapy in the treatment of postoperative pain.MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for RCTs published from database inception through January 26, 2021. The primary outcome was pain relief. The quality of RCTs was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The random-effect model was used to calculate the effect sizes and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidential intervals (CIs) as a summary effect. The heterogeneity test was conducted through I2. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Possible publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry.ResultsThe analysis included 33 RCTs and showed that MT is effective in reducing postoperative pain (SMD, −1.32; 95 % CI, −2.01 to −0.63; p = 0.0002; I2 = 98.67 %). A similar significant effect was found for both short (immediate assessment) and long terms (assessment performed 4–6 weeks after the MT). Remarkably, we found neither the duration per session nor the dose had an impact on the effect of MT and there seemed to be no difference in the effects of different MT types. In addition, MT seemed to be more effective for adults. Furthermore, MT had better analgesic effects on cesarean section and heart surgery than orthopedic surgery.LimitationsPublication bias is possible due to the inclusion of studies in English only. Additionally, the included studies were extremely heterogeneous. Double-blind research on MT is difficult to implement, and none of the included studies is double-blind. There was some heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies. In addition, there is no uniform evaluation standard for the operation level of massage practitioners, which may lead to research implementation bias.ConclusionsMT is effective in reducing postoperative pain in both short and long terms. 相似文献
3.
《Digestive and liver disease》2022,54(11):1486-1493
BackgroundCold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a promising technique for the removal of sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) ≥ 10 mm. However, the efficacy and safety of this technique remain undetermined.AimsWe aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of CSP for SSPs ≥ 10 mm.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2021.ResultsA total of 10 studies consisting of 1727 SSPs (range, 10–40 mm) from 1021 patients were included. The overall rates of technical success, adverse events (AEs) and residual SSPs were 100%, 0.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the rates of technical success and AEs were comparable between CSP and cold endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (99.9% vs. 100% and 1.3% vs. 0.5%, respectively), between the proximal and distal colon (100% vs. 99.9% and 0.3% vs. 0, respectively), and between polyps of 10–19 mm and ≥20 mm (99.8% vs. 100% and 0.9% vs. 0, respectively). However, subgroup analysis showed that the rate of residual SSPs was slightly lower in CSP compared with cold EMR (1.3% vs. 3.9%), as well as in polyps of 10–19 mm compared with those ≥20 mm (3.1% vs. 4.7%).ConclusionCSP was an effective and safe technique for removing SSPs ≥ 10 mm. 相似文献
4.
《Revista brasileira de otorrinolaringologia (English ed.)》2022,88(4):602-606
IntroductionThe Modena bleeding score is a categorical rating scale that allows the assessment of the surgical field in relation to bleeding during endoscopic surgery. It has recently been presented and validated in the field of endoscopic ear surgery by the present authors. The Modena bleeding score provides five grades for rating the surgical field during endoscopic procedures (from grade 1 ? no bleeding to grade 5 ? bleeding that prevents every surgical procedure except those dedicated to bleeding control).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate the Modena bleeding score in the setting of endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsFifteen three-minute videos of endoscopic sinus surgery procedures (each containing three bleeding situations) were evaluated by 15 specialists, using the Modena bleeding score. Intra and inter-rater reliability were assessed, and the clinical validity of the Modena bleeding score was calculated using a referent standard.ResultsThe data analysis showed an intra-rater reliability ranging from 0.6336 to 0.861. The inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.676 to 0.844. The clinical validity was α = 0.70; confidence limits: 0.64 ? 0.75, corresponding to substantial agreement.ConclusionThe Modena bleeding score is an effective method to score bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery. Its application in future research could facilitate the performance and efficacy assessment of surgical techniques, materials or devices aimed to bleeding control during endoscopic sinus surgery. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
J. Ripollés-Melchor C. Aldecoa E. Alday-Muñoz S. del Río A. Batalla E. del-Cojo-Peces R. Uña-Orejón J.L. Muñoz-Rodés J.V. Lorente Á.V. Espinosa C. Ferrando-Ortolà J.L. Jover A. Abad-Gurumeta J.M. Ramírez-Rodríguez A. Abad-Motos 《Revista espa?ola de anestesiología y reanimación》2021,68(7):373-383
BackgroundThe optimal regimen for intravenous administration of intraoperative fluids remains unclear. Our goal was to analyze intraoperative crystalloid volume administration practices and their association with postoperative outcomes.MethodsWe extracted clinical data from two multicenter observational studies including adult patients undergoing colorectal surgery and total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). We analyzed the distribution of intraoperative fluid administration. Regression was performed using a general linear model to determine factors predictive of fluid administration. Patient outcomes and intraoperative crystalloid utilization were summarized for each surgical cohort. Regression models were developed to evaluate associations of high or low intraoperative crystalloid with the likelihood of increased postoperative complications, mainly acute kidney injury (AKI) and hospital length of stay (LOS).Results7,580 patients were included. The average adjusted intraoperative crystalloid infusion rate across all surgeries was to 7.9 (SD 4) mL/kg/h. The regression model strongly favored the type of surgery over other patient predictors. We found that high fluid volume was associated with 40% greater odds ratio (OR 1.40; 95% confidence interval1.01-1.95, p = 0.044) of postoperative complications in patients undergoing THA, while we found no associations for the other types of surgeries, AKI and LOSConclusionsA wide variability was observed in intraoperative crystalloid volume administration; however, this did not affect postoperative outcomes. 相似文献
9.
【摘要】 目的 探讨不同剂量羟考酮通过患者硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)与患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)用于前列腺术后的镇痛效果。 方法 选取在2018年1月~2020年1月期间于我院行前列腺术的210例患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分成A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3 6组,每组各35例。其中A1、A2、A3组术后镇痛采用PCIA方案,分别使用0.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg、1.0mg/kg的羟考酮+托烷司琼10mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100mL;B1、B2、B3术后镇痛采取PCEA方案,分别使用0.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg、1.0mg/kg的羟考酮+托烷司琼10mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100mL。比较手术前(T0)、术后6h(T1)、术后12h(T2)、术后24h(T3)及术后48h(T4)6组患者的生命体征、视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)及不良反应的发生情况。 结果 各组患者在不同时间点的MAP、HR及SPO2的水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B1、B2、B3组患者分别在T1、T2、T3、T4时间的VAS评分显著低于A1、A2、A3组(均P<0.05),A2、A3组患者分别在T1、T2、T3、T4时间的VAS评分显著低于A1组(均P<0.05),B2、B3组患者分别在T1、T2、T3、T4时间的VAS评分显著低于B1组(均P<0.05)。B1、B2、B3不良反应的发生率分别显著低于A1、A2、A3组(均P<0.05)。B1、B2不良反应的发生率显著低于A2、A3组(P<0.05),且A3组不良反应的发生率显著高于A1、A2,B3组的不良反应的发生率显著高于B1、B2组(均P<0.05)。 结论 对前列腺手术患者术后,不同剂量羟考酮PCEA的镇痛效果及不良反应发生率均显著优于不同剂量羟考酮的PCIA,且当羟考酮的剂量为0.8mg/kg时,效果最佳。 相似文献
10.
笔者根据现代临床子宫内膜的病理演变过程结合中医“异病同治”理念,提出“子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病”概念,涵盖5种常见的子宫内膜疾病:无排卵性异常子宫出血(Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Ovulatory dysfunction,AUB-O),子宫内膜息肉(Endometrial Polyp,EP),子宫内膜异位症(Endometriosis,EMs),子宫腺肌病(Adenomyosis,AM),子宫内膜癌(Endometrial Carcinoma,EC)。基于文献的汇总,分析得到此类疾病的子宫内膜病理演变与中医病因病机的关联性,为寻找关键通路、创新性治疗此类疾病提供了重要的参考方向,对深化中医妇科学常见疾病的共性病因病机提供了理论依据和探索思路。 相似文献