多发性肌炎的动物模型及雷公藤多甙对其疗效的研究

目的　寻找一种多发性肌炎的良好动物模型及其有效的治疗药物。　　方法　给动物注射同种大鼠的肌匀浆 ,观察其活动状态 ;通过肌肉组织染色及ELISA法 ,研究肌肉的病理学变化 ,同时给动物喂服雷公藤多甙观察药物疗效。　　结果　部分动物表现肌无力和肌萎缩 ,大多数肌肉组织学检查示肌纤维炎性变 ;免疫组化检查可见肌膜、肌内膜和肌束膜中有IgG沉积。动物服雷公藤多甙后肌肉病变明显减轻 ,其疗效与强的松相似。　　结论　用同种大鼠肌匀浆免疫动物可诱导出多发性肌炎的动物模型 ;雷公藤多甙能有效地治疗多发性肌炎。     

Pathogenesis of neuroimmunologic diseases

Animal models of autoimmune diseases have greatly improved our current understanding of the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity and have provided the potential for therapies based on manipulation of the immune system. In our laboratory, we have investigated the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system and muscle. We have developed immune-based approaches for the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis (MS), and experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a model for the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). These approaches included induction of peripheral tolerance, immunotoxin targeting of activated T cells, and cytokine manipulations. In addition, we identified the antigen and characterized immunopathologically an autoimmune inflammatory disease of skeletal muscle, experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM), a model for the human inflammatory muscle disease polymyositis.     

慢性多发性肌炎临床及病理分析

目的探讨慢性多发性肌炎的发病机制、临床和病理特征。方法回顾性分析95例慢性多发性肌炎患者临床表现、肌酶学和肌电图检查结果,总结肌肉病理学特征。结果慢性多发性肌炎以四肢近端肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现,血清酶谱轻-中度增高,肌电图以肌源性损害为主,病理改变为灶性坏死、炎性细胞浸润与再生肌纤维共存。结论临床特点结合病理学检查有助于慢性多发性肌炎的诊断,多数患者激素治疗有效。     

慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性肌炎一例

目的总结1例异基因造血干细胞移植后并发与慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)相关的多发性肌炎的诊治体会。方法1例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者在处于完全缓解状态下接受同胞间供髓异基因造血干细胞移植,移植后采用环孢素A和甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果移植后11 d,WBC＞0．5×10~9/L,移植后13 d,血小板＞20×10~9/L；27 d时,骨髓细胞染色体分析显示99%为供者型。移植后17 d,发生Ⅰ度急性皮肤型GVHD,经静脉注射地塞米松及甲氨蝶呤后,GVHD被完全控制。移植后8个月,患者发生轻度肝脏cGVHD,经他克莫司及硫唑嘌呤治疗,效果不佳,血清肝酶升高,后改为他克莫司和西罗莫司治疗,血清肝酶逐渐下降,但肌酸激酶从9 U/L上升至272 U/L,随后患者出现全身乏力,并逐渐加重,上下肢近端处活动出现障碍,肌酸激酶升至3010 U/L,股四头肌、肱二头肌的肌电图表现为肌源性损害,双侧大腿磁共振成像符合多发性肌炎表现,给予甲泼尼龙、血浆置换治疗,但无显著效果,患者突发阵发性呼吸困难,经抢救无效,患者死亡,死亡时肌酸激酶为21 010 U/L。结论多发性肌炎为cGVHD的一种较少见形式,累及重要肌组织者预后较差。     

HLA-Ⅱ类基因单倍型与中国北方汉族人皮肌炎/多发性肌炎的相关性研究

目的：探讨HLA-DRB1、DQB1基因单倍型与中国北方地区汉族人皮肌炎，多发性肌炎的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应，序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术，检测中国北方汉族皮肌炎，多发性肌炎患者的HLA-DRB1、DQB1等位基因。结果：与100例正常对照组比较，在52例皮肌炎，多发性肌炎患者中HLA-DRB1^#040x-DQB1^#0301、DRB1^#040x-DQB1^#0401单倍型频率明显增高，经统计学检验两组差别有显著意义，P值分别为0.0307、0.0033。HLA-DRB1^#150x-DQB1^#0602单倍型频率明显降低，P值为0.0201。在38例皮肌炎组中，HLA-DRB1^#040x-DQB1^#0301、DRB1^#040x-DQB1^#0401、DRB1^#070x-DQB1^#0201、DRB1^#120x-DQB1^#0303单倍型频率明显增高，P值分别为0.0292、0.0015、0.0450、0.0192，两组差别有统计学意义。在14例多发性肌炎患者中HLA-DRB1^#070x-DQB1^#0301单倍型频率明显增高，P值为0.0141。结论：特异单倍型可能是决定皮肌炎，多发性肌炎发病及皮肌炎、多发性肌炎异质性的重要因素。     

Origin and significance of small muscle fibres in neuromuscular disease

Summary Small muscle fibres, defined as those of less than 40 µm diameter in the male and 30 m in the female were encountered in muscle biopsies of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), polymyositis (PM) and myopathy/dystrophy. Excessive reactivity with NADH-TR in small fibres did not discriminate between neurogenic and myopathic disorders. Quantification of perifascicular atrophic fibres, the number of nuclei in atrophic fibres, or the presence of isolated or grouped small fibres without histochemical kinship to their surrounding fibres did not aid recognition of the disease process in the groups studied. Small fibres which reacted strongly both with NADH-TR and ATPase at pH 9.4 (Type 3 fibres) constituted 38% of small fibres in the biopsies of SMA; 25% in ALS; but only 1% and 2.7% in PM and myopathy/dystrophy respectively. Thus, the presence of small Type 3 fibres in muscle biopsies may be a useful marker for neurogenic disorders in adults.     

血浆降钙素基因相关肽与多发性肌炎、皮肌炎的关系

目的：本文对血浆降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＰＰ）与多发性肌炎／皮肌炎（ＰＭ／ＤＭ） 的关系进行研究,探讨其血管损伤的发病机制。方法：采用放射免疫分析法测定３０例健 康人和３０例ＰＭ／ＤＭ病人ＣＧＲＰ水平变化。结果：ＰＷＤＭ血浆ＣＧＲＰ浓度较正常人降 低（Ｐ＜００１）, ＰＭ／ＤＭ病人有肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）升高和补体Ｃ_３、Ｃ_４下降者其ＣＧＲＰ水平降 低明显（Ｐ＜０.０１）,治疗前后三个月ＣＧＲＰ水平有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,直线相关分析表 明,血浆ＣＧＲＰ与ＣＫ呈显著负相关,与补体Ｃ_３、Ｃ_４呈显著正相关。结论：ＣＧＲＰ参与了 ＰＭＤＭ血管损伤的发病过程,测定血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平变化可望作为判定病程严重程度和治 疗效果的一个指标,此结果为ＣＧＲＰ治疗ＰＭ／ＤＭ的应用提供依据。     

Automatic decomposition electromyography in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Automatic decomposition electromyography (ADEMG) is a commercially available software package with installed reference values that enables the objective measurement of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). To assess the diagnostic yield of this package in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) we performed biceps brachii ADEMG in 17 patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis. Results were compared with those in 12 controls, and with the results of conventional EMG of the biceps and other muscles. Decreased mean values for MUAP duration occurred significantly more frequently in IIM patients than in controls; other MUAP characteristics did not differ. In IIM patients, decreased mean amplitude and increased mean number of turns occurred significantly less frequently on ADEMG than did corresponding abnormalities on conventional biceps EMG. Decreased mean values for duration and amplitude, and increased mean values for number of turns were seen significantly less often on ADEMG than corresponding abnormalities on conventional EMG of four different, individually chosen muscles. Overall evaluation of ADEMG resulted in a diagnosis of possible myopathy in 1 and probable myopathy in 8 patients, whereas overall evaluation of conventional EMG led to a diagnosis suggestive of IIM in 13 patients. We conclude that, although measurement of mean MUAP duration might be valuable in IIM diagnosis, our results do not favour the use of biceps brachii ADEMG and the installed reference values for the diagnosis of IIM. We suggest modifications to improve ADEMG's applicability.     

Lymphocyte stimulation by acetylcholine receptor in polymyositis

Summary Lymphocytes of twenty-seven patients with polymyositis were incubated in vitro with cholinergic receptor rich membranes obtained from the electric organs of Torpedo Marmorata.Lymphocytes of polymyositic patients were slightly stimulated; positive responses were present mainly in patients affected from more than a year. Sensitization against the nicotinic cholinergic receptor may explain the occurrence of the myasthenic syndrome with polymyositis.Fellow of the A. Villa Rusconi foundation