暴发性急性胰腺炎并发腹腔室隔综合征临床诊治进一步探讨

目的探讨暴发性急性胰腺炎并发腹腔室隔综合征的治疗方案。方法回顾性分析1998年1月至2007年3月共收治FAP并发腹腔室隔综合征31例的诊治经验，对收治的31例暴发性急性胰腺炎并发腹腔室隔综合征患者根据腹腔内压力、腹腔室隔综合征分型，以及早期（发病后3d内）手术治疗与非手术治疗结果进行总结。结果31例暴发性急性胰腺炎并发腹腔室隔综合征患者13例行非手术治疗，其中轻度腹腔室隔综合征者5例（死亡1例），中、重度8例（死亡4例）；3d内早期手术治疗18例，其中轻度腹腔室隔综合征者5例（死亡2例），中、重度13例（死亡4例）。当腹腔内压力〉21mmHg时，早期手术治疗组死亡人数明显低于早期非手术治疗组（P〈0．05）。根据ACS分型，Ⅰ型非手术治疗5例（死亡2例），Ⅱ型非手术治疗4例（死亡2例），Ⅲ型非手术治疗4例（死亡2例）；Ⅰ型手术治疗9例（死亡2例），Ⅱ型4例（死亡2例），Ⅲ型5例（死亡2例）。Ⅰ型手术治疗组死亡人数明显低于非手术治疗组（P〈0．05），Ⅱ、Ⅲ型两组手术治疗组与非手术治疗组比较，死亡人数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论当腹腔内压力〉21mmHg，且CT提示为Ⅰ型ACS的FAP患者，宜尽早行有效的腹腔减压引流；而对于腹腔内压力〉21mmHg，CT提示为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型ACS的FAP患者，早期手术减压效果有待进一步观察。     

乌司他丁对大鼠胰性脑病保护作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨乌司他丁对大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时对脑组织损害的保护作用 ,为胰性脑病的治疗提供实验依据。方法 :将 90只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组 ,急性出血坏死性胰腺炎诱导组和乌司他丁处理组 ,经胰胆管逆行注射 5%牛磺胆酸钠建立大鼠ANP模型 ,12h后处死动物 ,测定血清TNFα水平 ,并检测脑组织含水量、脑微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁现象。结果 :经乌司他丁处理后 ,血清中乌司他丁水平、脑组织含水量、脑组织MDA含量、脑微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁现象显著降低(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :乌司他丁可以减轻急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时脑损害的发生和发展     

急性胰腺炎病因和诊治十年变迁(附725例报道)

急性胰腺炎的病因和早期诊治一直是临床医师关注的问题。目的：探讨近十年来急性胰腺炎病因、诊断和治疗的变迁及其对预后和住院费用的影响，总结急性胰腺炎的治疗经验。方法：采用回顾性临床研究方法，将725例人选患者分为两组．1993年4月～1998年12月就诊的患者为第一组，1999年1月～2002年8月就诊的患者为第二组：分析两组患者病因、诊断指标、治疗方案、并发症、预后、住院费用方面的变化。结果：比较两组病因，两组患胆囊炎胆结石者分别占72．3％和75．8％，高脂血症者分别占25．3％和25．8％，酗酒者分别占10．6％和9．7％。血清淀粉酶水平高于正常上限3倍的总检出率为66．9％．CT诊断总阳性率为92．0％。第一组46．9％的患者应用生长抑素，31．1％的重症患者发生胰腺假性囊肿，2．2％发生胰腺脓肿，死亡率为15．6％。第二组72-3％的患者应用生长抑素，13．2％的重症患者发生胰腺假性囊肿，2．2％发生胰腺脓肿，死亡率为6．5％。第二组的住院费用与第一组相比呈下降趋势，但无显著差异。结论：胆道疾病仍为急性胰腺炎的主要病因，血清淀粉酶和CT是急性胰腺炎较常用和可靠的检查手段。通过早期足量应用胰酶抑制剂(尤其是生长抑素)、肠道去污和改善胰腺微循环，可改善急性胰腺炎的预后，降低并发症发生率、死亡率和住院费用。     

Diabetic control after total pancreatectomy

BACKGROUND: Diabetes after total pancreatectomy is commonly described as 'brittle' with most series reporting outcomes after resection for pancreatitis alone. The aim of this study was to determine glycaemic control in patients resected for benign and malignant disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing total pancreatectomy (1989-2003) from a single institution was done. Data of diabetic control were obtained from case notes, general practitioners and telephonic consultation. Comparison was made against a matched type 1 diabetic population. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients with a median age of 59 years (range 17-85 years) and median follow-up of 50 months (range 5-136 months) were identified. Thirty-five underwent primary resection with 11 receiving completion procedures. Thirty were for malignancy (19 deceased) and 17 for benign/indeterminate histology (2 deceased). Thirty-three patients were available for detailed follow-up. There was no significant difference between median HbA(1c) of the study group and the control (8.2% versus 8.1%). The majority of patients reported diabetic control and daily performance as excellent or good. Resection for pancreatitis gave poorer subjective control (p < 0.05) than those resected for malignancy. Two patients required in-patient treatment for diabetic complications, with no deaths related to diabetes observed. CONCLUSION: Diabetes after total pancreatectomy is not necessarily associated with poor glycaemic control and in the majority results in equivalent biochemical control compared to a normal type 1 diabetic population.     

急性胰腺炎血清免疫抑制酸性蛋白检测的临床意义

目的 :了解急性胰腺炎患者血清免疫抑制酸性蛋白 (IAP)的临床意义。方法 :应用免疫扩散法检测 32例患者和 2 0例健康人中的IAP水平。结果 :正常组 (2 0例 )、轻症组 (2 0例 )和重症组 (12例 )的血清IAP在入院时分别为(32 5± 10 5 )mg/L、(40 4± 15 1)mg/L和 (5 75± 14 5 )mg/L ,重症组血清IAP水平高于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ,也高于轻症组 (P <0 .0 5 )。其次重症组IAP值在入院后第 3、5、7天与轻症组比较仍明显升高 ,两组有统计上的差异性。结论 :检测IAP可以作为了解急性胰腺炎炎症程度的指标     

Assessment of the quality of life in chronic pancreatitis using Sf-12 and EORTC Qlq-C30 questionnaires

BACKGROUND: SF-12 Health Survey, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire-C30 are the two main questionnaires proposed and validated for assessing the quality of life in chronic pancreatitis. AIMS: To evaluate the role of the information furnished by both the SF-12 Health Survey and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire-C30 questionnaires, and to determine which of these two questionnaires may be considered more efficacious, in clinical practice, in describing the quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis. PATIENTS: We studied 163 consecutive patients with proven chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: The Italian version of the SF-12 Health Survey and the Italian neutral version of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire-C30 Version 3.0 questionnaires were administered. RESULTS: Pancreatic pain was the only clinical variable able to significantly impair the SF-12 Health Survey component summaries as well as all domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire-C30, while body mass index was positively related to the physical component summary-12 and to the domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire-C30. A high level of reliability of the domains/scores of the two questionnaires in evaluating the quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis was found and two main factors were identified. These two factors were mainly related to the two SF-12 Health Survey summary components. CONCLUSIONS: From a practical point of view, the SF-12 Health Survey is more reliable and easier to use in routine clinical practice than the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire-C30.     

CT影像学评分预测急性胰腺炎病情及转归的研究

目的 探讨CT影像学评分对急性胰腺炎病情和转归的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析入院后经CT检查的急性胰腺炎46例，按一定的规则对每例患进行CT影像学评分与分型，并与临床治疗中的有关资料进行对照。结果 46例患CT评分后获得：轻型24例，中型13例，重型9例。轻型患较重型住院日少、恢复顺利，中转手术及死亡率均以重型为高。结论 CT评分对急性胰腺炎病情及预后评估具有重要意义。     

实验性急性胰腺炎肺内细胞凋亡状况及其意义的初步探讨

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎时肺内细胞凋亡的状况及其在肺损伤发病机制中的意义。方法：以不同浓度牛磺胆酸钠液逆行胰胆管注射造成大急急性水肿性胰腺炎（AEP)与急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)两种模型，测定血浆TNF-α与内毒素水平的动态变化，免疫组化检测肺内TNF-α的表达，并以TUNEL法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测肺组织切片内细胞凋亡的情况。结果：正常时大鼠肺内偶见淋巴细胞及纤维母细胞等发生凋亡，诱导AEP或ANP后凋亡细胞数量无明显变化。随着肺损伤的出现，少许浸润的炎细胞、肺泡上皮细胞及血管内皮细胞等发生了凋亡。凋亡指数(‰)在ANP组呈一过性下降，在ANP组表现为持续下降，在6h后各时点均显著低于AEP组相应值(P＜0．05)。分析表明，ANP组血中TNF-α、内毒素含量的增加与凋亡指数的变化存在负相关(P＜0.05)。结论：ANP时肺内浸润的以中性粒细胞为代表的大量炎细胞出现延迟凋亡，这种现象可能是肺损伤发生的重要前提，同时内毒素血症及TNF-α的过度合成可能是中性粒细胞延迟凋亡的部分原因。     

重症急性胰腺炎早期手术治疗的临床评价

目的 :评价重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)早期手术的治疗效果。方法 :回顾性分析 14 7例重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的治疗情况 ,其中 38例伴有单个或多个重要脏器功能障碍 (SAP -Ⅱ )。将早期手术治疗的SAP -Ⅱ 2 3例与早期非手术治疗的SAP -Ⅱ 15例在病死率及并发症发生率等方面进行对比分析。结果 :早期手术组中病死率和并发症发生率分别为 30 .4 3% (7/ 2 3)和 34.78% (8/ 2 3) ,早期非手术组中病死率和并发症发生率分别为 6 6 .6 7% (10 / 15 )和 4 6 .6 7% (7/ 15 ) ,两组比较早期手术组的病死率明显低于早期非手术组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而并发症发生率差别不大。结论 :早期手术对一些严重的重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP -Ⅱ )患者是必需的。在SAP早期保守治疗期间出现 1个或多个重要脏器功能障碍时应进行手术治疗以降低病死率。