经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床实践及与开放性手术比较

目的 经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床实践及与开放性手术进行比较。方法 回顾性收集并比较分析自2019年3月至2019年12月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院甲状腺外科行经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺切除术和传统开放性甲状腺切除术的甲状腺肿瘤患者各45例临床资料（行经传统开放术式患者样本量较大,随机抽样选择45例）,比较分析两组在性别、年龄、BMI、病理类型,清扫淋巴结数量以及手术时长,术后引流量,术后出现相关并发症,远期预后等指标。结果 两种术式患者术前术后相关临床资料无明显统计学差异,术中指标如出血量,淋巴清扫方面两组亦无统计学差异,但术中手术时间较开放组延长（P<0.05）,手术费用较开放组更多,住院时长较开放组更短。结论 选择合适的患者,行经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺癌根治术安全可行,在美容效果上有优势。     

改良胰肠吻合方式对胰十二指肠切除术后患者胰瘘的影响及影响因素分析

目的观察改良胰肠吻合方式对胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后患者并发症的影响，分析胰瘘的影响因素。 方法回顾分析2014年1月至2018年6月行PD的62例患者资料，按照胰肠吻合方式分为两组，改良组27例患者采用水平褥式捆绑吻合法，传统组35例患者采用挂线吻合法。数据采用SPSS 15.0统计，并发症发生率采用χ²检验；术中各项指标采用( ±s)描述，采用独立t检验；单因素分析用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法，多因素分析用Logistic回归分析法，P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。 结果改良组患者手术时间、住院时间比传统组少(P<0.05)；改良组患者术后胰瘘发生率(7.41%)，明显小于传统组(P<0.05)；单因素结果显示：病变部位为十二指肠、胰管直径≤3 mm、胰腺质地较软和胰肠吻合采用挂线吻合是PD术后胰瘘的危险因素(P<0.05)。经多因素分析发现，胰管直径(<3 mm)、病变部位(十二指肠)是PD术后胰瘘的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论改良胰肠吻合方式能有效减少PD术后患者胰瘘发生率，缩短手术时间及住院时间。     

Adenocarcinoma duodenal: resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de una serie unicéntrica de 27 pacientes

IntroductionDuodenal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy. Given the rarity of the disease, there is limited data related to resection results. The objective is to analyze results at our hospital after the curative resection of duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA).MethodsThe variables were retrospectively collected from patients operated on between 1990 and 2017 at our hospital.ResultsA total of 27 patients were treated. Twenty-three patients (85%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, and 4 patients (15%) with tumors located in the third and fourth portions of the duodenum underwent segmental duodenal resection. The overall postoperative morbidity was 67% (18 patients). Postoperative mortality was 7% (2 patients); however, postoperative mortality related to surgery was 4% (1 patient). All patients had negative resection margins. A median of 18 lymph nodes (range, 0-38) were retrieved and evaluated, with a median of 1 involved node (range, 0-8). Median follow up was 23 (9-69.7) months. Actuarial overall survival was 62.2 (25.2-99.1) months. Actuarial disease-free survival was 49 (0-133) months.ConclusionsThe surgical treatment of duodenal adenocarcinoma is associated with a high morbidity, although it achieves considerable survival. Depending on the tumor location and if there is no pancreatic infiltration, segmental duodenal resection with negative margins is an alternative to cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

机器人辅助下胰十二指肠切除术：附18例报告

目的:初步总结DaVinci机器人辅助下的胰十二指肠切除术(RPD)的经验。方法:回顾2015年11月—2018年1月18例行RPD的患者临床资料。结果:18例患者手术时间为(450±30)min,术中出血量为(525±125)mL,术中均无输血;1例(5.6%)中转开腹;术后肠道功能恢复时间(4.0±1.0)d,术后住院时间(16±4)d;术后出现并发症者7例,其中4例(22.2%)术后并发胰瘘(均为B级胰瘘)、胆瘘1例、腹腔内出血2例;无再次手术,术后病死率5%。术后病理结果显示,胰腺高分化腺癌3例、低分化导管腺癌1例、胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤3例、胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤2例、胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤1例、十二指肠高分化腺癌2例、十二指肠绒毛管状腺瘤2例、胆总管下段中低分化腺癌1例、胆总管下段高分化腺癌2例、胰腺慢性炎症1例。9例恶性肿瘤中8例完成R_0切除,1例R1切除;淋巴结清扫数目为(16±4)枚。结论:RPD安全可行,并未明显增加手术相关并发症,同时可以加快患者术后恢复时间。     

Fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: An update on diagnosis and treatment

Invasive fungal infections constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation recipients. Since solid organ transplantation is an effective therapy for many patients with end-stage organ failure, prevention and treatment of fungal infections are of vital importance. Diagnosis and management of these infections, however, remain difficult due to the variety of clinical symptoms in addition to the lack of accurate diagnostic methods. The use of fungal biomarkers can lead to an increased diagnostic accuracy, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. The evidence for optimal prophylactic approaches remains inconclusive, which results in considerable variation in the administration of prophylaxis. The implementation of a standard protocol for prophylaxis remains difficult as previous treatment regimens, which can alter the distribution of different pathogens, affect the outcome of antifungal susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the increasing use of antifungals also contributes to incremental costs and the risk of development of drug resistance. This review will highlight risk factors, clinical manifestations and timing of fungal infections and will focus predominately on the current evidence for diagnosis and management of fungal infections.     

Antisense oligonucleotide eluforsen improves CFTR function in F508del cystic fibrosis

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. In this study we assessed the effect of antisense oligonucleotide eluforsen on CFTR biological activity measured by Nasal Potential Difference (NPD) in patients with the most common mutation, F508del-CFTR.MethodsThis multi-centre, exploratory, open-label study recruited adults with CF homozygous or compound heterozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation. Subjects received intranasal eluforsen three times weekly for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the within-subject change from baseline in total chloride transport (Cl-free+iso), as assessed by NPD. Secondary endpoints included within-subject change from baseline in sodium transport.ResultsIn the homozygous cohort (n = 7; per-protocol population), mean change (90% confidence interval) in Cl-free+iso was ?3.0 mV (?6.6; 0.6) at day 15, ?4.1 mV (?7.8; ?0.4, p = .04) at day 26 (end of treatment) and ? 3.7 mV (?8.0; 0.6) at day 47. This was supported by improved sodium transport as assessed by an increase in average basal potential difference at day 26 of +9.4 mV (1.1; 17.7, p = .04). The compound heterozygous cohort (n = 7) did not show improved chloride or sodium transport NPD values. Eluforsen was well tolerated with a favourable safety profile.ConclusionsIn F508del-CFTR homozygous subjects, repeated intranasal administration of eluforsen improved CFTR activity as measured by NPD, an encouraging indicator of biological activity.