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1.
Background and aimsMetabolic syndrome (MetS) affects ~10% of adolescents and is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. The most prevalent MetS component is abdominal obesity. Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) are inversely associated with abdominal obesity and may reduce MetS risk in youth. Our aim was to examine associations of diet, activity, and abdominal obesity with MetS z-score (MetS-z).Methods and resultsAn analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 data in adolescents was performed. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)- 2015 scores were calculated for diet quality, PA habits were used to determine alignment with national guidelines, and abdominal obesity was assessed by sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD). MetS-z represented severity or potential risk for MetS. Multivariable regression evaluated the relationships of HEI, SAD and PA with MetS-z. Among 1214 black and white adolescents, SAD was significantly associated with MetS-z [β (95% CI) = 0.17 (0.16, 0.19); P <0.0001] while HEI-2015 components showed associations with MetS-z overall (HEI total, dairy, and sodium scores), and by sex (total, refined grains, dairy for males; added sugar, protein, whole grains for females). Mean HEI-2015 score was 47.4/100 (51.6 using the population-ratio method), and the proportion of adolescents meeting national PA guidelines was 37.6%, yet PA was not a significant predictor of MetS-z.ConclusionsUS adolescents have poor diet quality and fewer than half meet PA guidelines. Strategies for preventing MetS and related conditions in adolescence should focus on weight management – specifically, abdominal fat reduction – with individualized diet counseling.  相似文献   
2.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.  相似文献   
3.
目的依据多层螺旋CT(Multislice spiral CT,MSCT)及经胸超声心动图(Transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)分析肺高压患者的临床特征,探讨与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法收集我院2018年8月至2021年1月经TTE评估为肺高压的83名患者的临床资料作为实验组,同期收集78例我院健康体检的临床资料作为对照组。纳入患者MSCT、TTE、心肌生化指标、临床表现、既往病史等,对病情严重程度综合评估。结果①MSCT与TTE各测量指标间存在显著相关性。②PASP分级重度患者与轻、中度患者相比,WHO分级4级患者与WHO分级1~2级的患者相比,MSCT结果显示dMPA、rPA及RVD/LVD均显著升高。TTE结果显示,RAD/LAD,RVDd/LVDd同样显著增加,且各组间差异具有统计学意义。③MSCT测量的dMPA及rPA对PASP严重程度有较好预测价值。④TTE测量RVDd、MSCT测量rPA及有无糖尿病史是PASP升高的危险因素。结论①对于PH严重程度的评估,TTE和MSCT都具有较高价值。②对于初诊时PASP较高、WHO评分较高的肺高压患者,常提示患者病情危重,应密切注意其病情改变。③TTE测量RVDd、MSCT测量rPA及有无糖尿病史是病情加重的危险因素。  相似文献   
4.
目的:探讨玻璃体切除术(PPV)联合内界膜(ILM)翻转覆盖术或填塞术治疗底径大于1000μm特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性临床研究。选取2018-01/2020-12在汕头国际眼科中心就诊的IMH底径大于1000μm的56例患者57眼作为研究对象,根据手术方式的不同分为2组,其中PPV联合ILM翻转覆盖组30例30眼(组1),PPV联合ILM填塞组26例27眼(组2)。分析两组患者术后1wk,1mo时最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、裂孔闭合情况、中心凹神经上皮层厚度及并发症,并探讨术后BCVA与术前参数的相关性。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、眼别、病程、术前BCVA、裂孔分期、术前裂孔底径及眼轴长度均无差异(P>0.05)。组1患者裂孔闭合率为97%,其中1型闭合为80%;组2患者裂孔闭合率为100%,其中1型闭合为78%,两组患者裂孔闭合率的比较无差异(P=0.99),1型闭合率也无差异(χ2=0.04,P=0.84)。两组患者术后1wk,1mo BCVA均优于术前(均P<0.01),术后1mo组1的BCVA优于组2(t=-2.20,P=0.03)。术后1mo两组中心凹神经上皮层厚度比较无差异(t=0.407,P=0.69)。术后1mo患者的BCVA与裂孔底径及术前BCVA呈正相关(r=0.435,P=0.004;r=0.440,P=0.001)。两组患者在术中及术后均未出现视网膜脱离及视网膜裂孔等并发症。结论:PPV联合ILM翻转覆盖术及ILM填塞术治疗大底径IMH裂孔闭合率高,PPV联合ILM翻转覆盖术后BCVA可能优于ILM填塞组;术后BCVA与术前裂孔底径及术前BCVA呈正相关,术前裂孔底径可作为临床判断预后的依据之一。  相似文献   
5.
AIM: To explore the photopic pupil size behavior in myopic children undergoing overnight orthokeratology (ortho-k) over 1-year period and its effects on the axial elongation. METHODS: A total of 202 Chinese myopic children were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Ninety-five subjects in ortho-k group and eighty-eight subjects in spectacle group completed the 1-year study. Axial length (AL) was measured before enrollment and every 6mo after the start of ortho-k. The photopic pupil diameter (PPD) was determined using the Pentacam AXL and measured in an examination room with lighting of 300-310 Lx. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify variables contribution to axial elongation. RESULTS: Compared with spectacle group, the average 1-year axial elongation was significantly slower in the ortho-k group (0.25±0.27 vs 0.44±0.23 mm, P<0.0001). In ortho-k group, PPDs significantly decreased from 4.21±0.62 mm to 3.94±0.53 mm after 1mo of lens wear (P=0.001, Bonferroni correction) and the change lasts for 3-month visit. No significantly change during the other follow-up visits was found (P>0.05, Bonferroni correction). The 4.81 mm PPD may be a possible cutoff point in the ortho-k group. Subjects with PPD below or equal to 4.81 mm tended to have smaller axial elongation compared to subjects with PPD above 4.81 mm after 1-year period (t=-3.09, P=0.003). In ortho-k group, univariate analyses indicated that those with older age, greater degree of myopia, longer AL, smaller baseline PPD (PPDbaseline) experienced a smaller change in AL. In multivariate analyses, older age, greater AL and smaller PPDbaseline were associated with smaller increases in AL. In spectacle group, PPD tended to be stable (P>0.05, Bonferroni correction) and did not affect axial growth. CONCLUSION: PPDs experience significantly decreases at 1-month and 3-month ortho-k treatment. Children with smaller PPD tend to experience slower axial elongation and may benefit more from ortho-k.  相似文献   
6.
7.
Transradial access (TRA) is increasingly used worldwide for percutaneous interventional procedures and associated with lower bleeding and vascular complications than transfemoral artery access. Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most frequent post-procedural complication of TRA, restricting the use of the same radial artery for future procedures and as a conduit for coronary artery bypass graft. The authors review recent advances in the prevention of RAO following percutaneous TRA diagnostic or interventional procedures. Based on the available data, the authors provide easily applicable and effective recommendations to prevent periprocedural RAO and maximize the chances of access in case of repeat catheterization or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.  相似文献   
8.
目的:改良的Zea-Longa线栓法建立小鼠(25—30g)脑缺血再灌注模型,以确定最佳线栓头端直径。方法:将140只健康雄性C57BL/6J、体重25—30g小鼠,随机分为假手术组和模型组,模型组再根据线栓头端直径大小分为0.24mm组,0.25mm组,0.26mm组,0.27mm组,0.28mm组及0.29mm组,每组各20只小鼠。采用头端直径不同大小的线栓制作右侧大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注模型。缺血1h后,进行脑多普勒血流检测、核磁共振血管成像及T2加权成像(T2WI),恢复血流灌注24h后进行神经行为学评分及TTC染色,明确最佳线栓头端直径建立脑缺血再灌注模型。结果:与假手术组相比,体重25—30g小鼠,线栓头端直径在0.25mm—0.28mm之间都可以形成梗死灶。与其他组相比,线栓头端直径为0.26mm,Longa评分在1—3分最多、梗死面积最大(0.26mm vs 0.24mm、0.25mm、0.28mm、0.29mm P0.0001);线栓头端直径小于0.24mm或大于0.29mm,都不能形成梗死。多普勒血流仪检测、核磁共振血管成像及T2加权成像(T2WI)显示,与假手术组相比,0.26mm组线栓头端能够完全堵塞大脑中动脉血流,损伤侧血运与对侧相比,血运降至0,成功建立脑梗死模型。结论:小鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的成功率与线栓头端直径大小密切相关,体重为25—30g小鼠用直径为0.26mm的线栓成功率最高。  相似文献   
9.
探究晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术围手术期瞳孔直径、反应的变化。方法:前瞻性临床研究。收集于2016年1-9月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科行超声乳化联合IOL植入术的连续白内障和高度近视透明晶状体置换患者。采用动态瞳孔测量仪(Metro-vision MONCV3)测量术前、术后1周、术后1个月在4种光照度下(0、1、10和100 cd/m2 )的瞳孔直径,并检测瞳孔反应(如瞳孔初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩潜伏期、收缩持续时间、收缩速度、扩张潜伏期、扩张持续时间和扩张速度等)。采用重复测量方差分析、Pearson相关分析及Spearman相关分析对数据进行分析。结果:共纳入患者53例(53眼)。在4种光照度下,术前瞳孔直径随年龄增加而下降(r0=-0.467,P0<0.001;r1=-0.383,P1=0.005;r10=-0.374,P10=0.006;r100=-0.312,P100=0.023)。 4种光照强度下瞳孔直径手术前后总体差异有统计学意义(F0=206.9,P0<0.001;F1=106.8,P1<0.001; F10=41.7,P10<0.001;F100=36.7,P100<0.001),与术前相比,4种光照强度下瞳孔直径术后1周、1个月均下降(均P<0.001)。手术前后瞳孔反应的初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩和扩张速度总体差异有统计学意义(F初始直径=99.5,P初始直径<0.001;F收缩幅度=36.2,P收缩幅度<0.001;F收缩速度=51.9,P收缩速度<0.001;F扩张速度=23.8,P扩张速度<0.001),与术前相比,术后1周、1个月初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩和扩张速度均下降(均P<0.001)。结论:超声乳化联合IOL植入术后1个月内可引起瞳孔缩小,瞳孔反应的收缩、扩张速度变慢,为IOL设计中确定有效光学区范围提供依据。  相似文献   
10.
The aim of the present study was to establish survival rates, as well as crestal bone loss (CBL) of narrow diameter implants (NDI), compared to regular diameter implants (RDI). The current review followed the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. We searched main databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register) for articles addressing the focused question up to and including May 2018. Meta‐analyses were conducted for CBL and survival rates. Qualitatively, three clinical studies showed comparable CBL and survival rates between NDI and RDI at follow up. Only one study showed increased CBL around NDI compared to RDI. The overall weighted mean difference (WMD) for CBL (WMD = .06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = ‐.38‐.51, P=.76) and risk difference for survival rate (risk difference = .88, 95% CI = .22‐3.50, P=.85) were not significant between the NDI and RDI groups at follow up. NDI and RDI showed comparable CBL and survival rates. However, the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution due to significant heterogeneity and the low number of included studies. Further randomized, controlled trials should be performed in order to obtain strong conclusions.  相似文献   
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