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ObjectivesInitial studies of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed that obesity, diabetes and hypertension were associated with severe outcomes. Subsequently, some authors showed that the risk could vary according to age, gender, co-morbidities and medical history. In a nationwide retrospective cohort, we studied the association between these co-morbidities and patients' requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or their death.MethodsAll French adult inpatients with COVID-19 admitted during the first epidemic wave (February to September 2020) were included. When patients were diagnosed with obesity, diabetes or hypertension for the first time in 2020, these conditions were considered as incident co-morbidities, otherwise they were considered prevalent. We compared outcomes of IMV and in-hospital death according to obesity, diabetes and hypertension, taking age, gender and Charlson's co-morbidity index score (CCIS) into account.ResultsA total of 134 209 adult inpatients with COVID-19 were included, half of them had hypertension (n = 66 613, 49.6%), one in four were diabetic (n = 32 209, 24.0%), and one in four were obese (n = 32 070, 23.9%). Among this cohort, IMV was required for 13 596 inpatients, and 19 969 patients died. IMV and death were more frequent in male patients (adjusted oods ratio (aOR) 2.0, 95% CI 1.9–2.1 and aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4–1.5, respectively), IMV in patients with co-morbidities (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 2.0–2.2 for CCIS = 2 and aOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.8–3.1 for CCIS ≥5), and death in patients aged 80 or above (aOR 17.0, 95% CI 15.5–18.6). Adjusted on age, gender and CCIS, death was more frequent among inpatients with obesity (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2) and diabetes (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2). IMV was more frequently necessary for inpatients with obesity (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.8–2.0), diabetes (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.4) and hypertension (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6–1.8). Comparatively, IMV was more often required for patients with the following incident co-morbidities: obesity (aOR 3.5, 95% CI 3.3–3.7), diabetes (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8–2.1) and hypertension (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 2.4–2.6).ConclusionsAmong 134 209 inpatients with COVID-19, mortality was more frequent among patients with obesity and diabetes. IMV was more frequently necessary for inpatients with obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Patients for whom these were incident co-morbidities were particularly at risk. Specific medical monitoring and vaccination should be priorities for patients with these co-morbidities.  相似文献   
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《Pancreatology》2022,22(5):665-670
Background and objectivesHyperlipasemia is highly prevalent among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lipase activity, measured at the time of admission, on the clinical course and mortality in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThe population of this study comprised 12,139 patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 between June 2020 and June 2021 in a pandemic hospital. Of these, 8819 patients were excluded from the study due to missing data, four patients were excluded due to a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (according to the revised Atlanta criteria), and 72 patients were excluded due to alcohol use or having a history of chronic pancreatitis. The final study sample consisted of the remaining 3244 COVID-19 patients. Laboratory results, intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up periods, the need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality rates were compared between the normal lipase activity and high lipase activity groups.ResultsThere were 968 (29.8%) patients with high lipase activity at the time of admission. The rate of ICU admission was 36.1% vs. 9.9% (p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation requirement rates were 33.7% vs. 8.3% (p < 0.001), and mortality rates were as 24.6% vs. 6.4% (p < 0.001) in the high lipase activity group compared to the normal lipase activity group. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that high lipase activity was an independent factor in predicting mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (odds ratio [OR]: 3.191, p < 0.001).ConclusionElevated lipase activity without acute pancreatitis at the time of admission in COVID-19 patients was determined as an independent predictor of poor prognosis.  相似文献   
4.
石雯  周抒 《新医学》2022,53(9):649-654
目的 建立稳定的宫腔粘连(IUA)病理性再生动物实验模型。方法 将30只雌性SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组, 每组各15只。实验组通过自制2 mm直径刮匙分别对动情期大鼠的左、右侧子宫内膜进行轻度、重度机械损伤并设为轻度机械损伤组、重度机械损伤组;对照组大鼠开腹后不做子宫内膜损伤处理, 进行假手术对照。分别于术后0 h、24 h、72 h、5 d、7 d从每组随机选取3只大鼠取出双侧子宫行快速冰冻切片, 分别进行子宫内膜细胞中主要组织相容性复合体Ⅱ类分子(MHCⅡ)、5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)免疫组织化学染色, 观察术后7 d不同大鼠内膜腺体情况以及术后不同时期不同机械损伤程度的大鼠子宫内膜组织炎性反应及子宫内膜组织增生修复变化。结果 轻度机械损伤组术后7 d可见少量红染含BrdU的细胞及蓝染的MHCⅡ细胞, 子宫内膜基本修复, 轻度炎症反应存在;重度机械损伤组术后7 d未见腺体或腺体数目极少, 未见明显红染含BrdU的细胞, 可见少许蓝染的MHCⅡ细胞、轻度炎症反应、内膜组织纤维化, 局部管腔闭合, 出现粘连。与对照组相比, 术后7 d大鼠子宫内膜腺体数目随着子宫内膜机械性受损伤程度增加而相应减少(P < 0.001)。结论 采用切开缝合子宫内膜机械损伤法可以成功建立大鼠IUA模型。大鼠子宫内膜轻度机械损伤后可以再生达到基本修复水平, 而重度机械损伤后子宫内膜组织无法达到基本修复, 且出现组织纤维化导致IUA。  相似文献   
5.
白蓉  赵瑜  王艳艳 《国际眼科杂志》2022,22(10):1761-1764

目的:探讨鼻泪管填塞联合黏弹剂注入在不易寻找断端的复杂泪小管吻合术中定位鼻侧断端的应用效果。

方法:对我院收治13例13眼不易寻找断端的外伤性单根泪小管断裂患者,采用RS泪道引流管自完整的泪小管插入泪道填塞鼻泪管,再注入黏弹剂,使黏弹剂自断裂泪小管的鼻侧断端溢出,用于定位不易寻找鼻侧断端,并完成泪小管吻合手术。

结果:不易寻找断端的患眼13眼,使用RS泪道引流管填塞鼻泪管,在注入黏弹剂后,可在显微镜直视下发现凝胶自鼻侧断端溢出,并成功置入泪道引流管,断端寻找成功率为100%。13眼均置管3mo后拔管,随访6mo。其中治愈9眼,显效3眼,无效1眼。治愈率69%,总有效率92%。

结论:鼻泪管填塞联合黏弹剂注入操作简单,对术者的临床经验要求相对较低,适合不同程度的单根泪小管断裂患者,能够在较短的时间内完成不易寻找断端的复杂泪小管断裂吻合手术,是一种新的快速定位鼻侧断端的技术。  相似文献   

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IntroductionThe risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 was found to be significantly higher in patients who experienced thromboembolic events. Thus, several guidelines recommend using prophylactic anticoagulants in all COVID-19 hospitalized patients. However, there is uncertainty about the appropriate dosing regimen and safety of anticoagulation in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Thus, this study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of standard versus escalated dose pharmacological venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in critically ill patients with COVID-19.MethodsA two-center retrospective cohort study including critically ill patients aged ≥ 18-years with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia from March 1st, 2020, until January 31st, 2021. Patients who received either Enoxaparin 40 mg daily or Unfractionated heparin 5000 Units three times daily were grouped under the “standard dose VTE prophylaxis and patients who received higher than the standard dose but not as treatment dose were grouped under ”escalated VTE prophylaxis dose“. The primary outcome was the occurance of thrombotic events, and the secondary outcomes were bleeding, mortality, and other ICU-related complications.ResultsA total of 758 patients were screened; 565 patients were included in the study. We matched 352 patients using propensity score matching (1:1). In patients who received escalated dose pharmacological VTE prophylaxis, any case of thrombosis and VTE were similar between the two groups (OR 1.22;95 %CI 0.52–2.86; P = 0.64 and OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.16–3.38; P = 0.70 respectively). However, the odds of minor bleeding was higher in patients who received escalated VTE prophylaxis dose (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.08–10.61; P = 0.04). There was no difference in the 30-day mortality nor in-hospital mortality between the two groups (HR 1.17;95 %CI0.79–1.73; P = 0.43 and HR 1.08;95 %CI 0.76–1.53; P = 0.83, respectively).ConclusionEscalated-dose pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was not associated with thrombosis, or mortality benefits but led to an increased risk of minor bleeding. This study supports previous evidence regarding the optimal dosing VTE pharmacological prophylaxis regimen for critically ill patients with COVID-19.  相似文献   
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目的探索后循环急性缺血性脑卒中(PCS)患者经机械取栓并完全恢复前向血流后部分患者临床预后仍然不佳的影响因素。 方法连续纳入2017年1月至2020年9月于我院接受机械取栓治疗的PCS患者并进行回顾性分析。闭塞血管完全恢复前向血流定义为改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级(mTICI)达3级。90 d改良Rankin评分(mRS)> 2分则被定义为预后不良。将患者基线资料、治疗相关指标纳入多因素分析,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)来确定最佳界值。 结果共纳入39例经机械取栓治疗后完全恢复前向血流(mTICI 3级)的PCS患者。其中,预后不良患者共20例(51.3%)。采用逐步Logistic回归分析显示,入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较高(OR = 1.21,95%CI = 1.037~1.414,P = 0.016)、后交通动脉(PcomA)未开放(OR = 0.052,95%CI = 0.005~0.557,P = 0.014)为90 d不良预后的独立预测因素。基于ROC曲线分析显示,入院时NIHSS评分曲线下面积为0.762,截断值为20分,敏感度为70.0%,特异度为84.2%。 结论入院时NIHSS评分高、后交通动脉未开放,是后循环急性缺血性脑卒中患者接受机械取栓治疗并完全恢复前向血流后临床预后仍不佳的相关因素。  相似文献   
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目的探讨行机械通气治疗患儿在撤机后序贯维持镇痛镇静药物对预防谵妄及撤药反应的效果。方法回顾性将2019年12月至2021年9月广东医科大学附属东莞市儿童医院儿童重症监护室收治的机械通气支持≥5 d的61例患儿分为对照组(30例,撤机后无镇痛镇静药物维持)及观察组(31例,撤机后序贯镇痛镇静药物维持48 h),记录两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h索菲亚撤药反应观察量表(Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms Scale,SOS)评分、儿童谵妄量表(Paediatric Delirium Scale,PD)评分、Richmond躁动镇静量表(Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale,RASS)评分及谵妄发生例数、撤药反应发生例数,并进行比较分析。结果两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组撤机后24 h及72 h撤药反应发生率、SOS评分、PD评分、RASS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论撤机后序贯镇痛镇静可降低行机械通气治疗重症患儿撤机后72 h内撤药反应发生率,但不能有效降低患儿撤机后谵妄发生率。  相似文献   
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目的研究风险管理联合积极心理护理在预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管患者机械性静脉炎风险中的价值。 方法选择2020年5月至2020年10月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院收治的116例PICC置管的肿瘤患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组(58例)和对照组(58例)。对照组按照PICC置管的常规护理方法进行护理,观察组在对照组的基础上使用风险管理联合积极心理护理。记录2组PICC置管时间、一次穿刺成功率、一次置管成功率;记录置管后1周两组机械性静脉炎发生情况。 结果与对照组相比,观察组置管操作时间较短(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组机械性静脉炎发生率较低,(P<0.05)。 结论采用风险管理联合积极心理护理的方案对PICC患者进行护理能降低机械性静脉炎的发生率,具有推广价值。  相似文献   
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