Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment of mandibular distal occlusion and the progress of therapy: A case report

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated a relationship between dental malocclusion and posture defects. The aims of the study were to present (1) the effect of a physiotherapeutic approach to a patient with a distal occlusion defect with the use of a set of exercises to strengthen the muscles responsible for mandibular protrusion, and (2) a non-invasive and easy-to-use method to monitor the effects of therapy.MethodsFive year old girl with a distal occlusion and with a low basic postural tone was referred to physiotherapy. A therapeutic program i.a. concerning a strengthening of the temporomandibular joint muscles with the use of a flexible tape was proposed. To assess the functional changes of the masticatory apparatus a photoanthropometric method was used. In side-face photos, proportions of 2 linear measurements and values of two angles on the first day of therapy, after 2 and after 4 months of exercises, with the mandible located freely and in the maximum protrusion were compared.ResultsA comparison of indices and angles showed a marked improvement in mandibular mobility already after two and four months of the exercises. Using the elastic resistance tape in addition to general developmental exercises allowed for increasing the mobility in the temporomandibular joint.ConclusionMalocclusion should not be considered separately, without taking into account the body posture. The work of the physiotherapist can benefit the orthodontist, correcting postural defects and consequently affecting malocclusion. A comparison of linear measurements and angles can be used to assess the progress of the therapy.     

Long-term skeletal stability in the treatment of mandibular prognathism with a physiological positioning strategy

Our aim was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of the mandible in 21 patients after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning. The measurement points SNB, B point (X, Y), Pog (X, Y), and the angle of the ramus were measured on cephalometric photographs to assess skeletal stability preoperatively, immediately after operation, and one and two years postoperatively. In addition, we evaluated the clinical symptoms of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The analysis of the cephalometric photographs showed that SNB, B point X, and Pog X showed no significant differences among the postoperative time points. On the other hand, B point Y and Pog Y showed no significant differences throughout the study period. We compared the angle of the ramus before operation and two years postoperatively, and no significant difference was found. In addition, no cases showed any pathological symptoms of disorders of the TMJ two years postoperatively. The long-term stability after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning was confirmed, and it seems to be a reliable orthognathic treatment in patients with mandibular prognathism.     

甲状旁腺激素对大鼠牵张成骨过程中O NC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因表达的影响

目的：探讨甲状旁腺激素（PTH）对大鼠牵张成骨（DO）过程中ONC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因表达的影响。方法30只雄性大鼠制备大鼠下颌骨DO模型。随机分5组，每组6只。第1组（只有牵张无PTH），术后8周取材，应用HE染色及微CT检测，以确定成骨情况。第2组（有牵张无PTH），第3组（有牵张有PTH），第4组（无牵张有PTH），第5组（对照组：无牵张无PTH）。2、3、4组及对照组术后1周取材，RT-PCR测定ONC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因的表达。结果第1组，新骨形成，骨质充满牵张区，骨质连续，大鼠建模成功。RT-PCR检测结果显示，2、3、4组与对照组比较，OPN、COL1、RUNX2、ALP基因表达有明显提高（P＜0．05），其中第3组最为明显。ONC、C-FOS、VEGF基因2、3、4组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 PTH在 DO 过程中，间歇性给以 PTH的作用只有在牵张期发挥作用，其对 OPN、COL1、RUNX2、ALP基因表达能够获得理想的协同作用。     

The role of upper airway endoscopy in craniofacial malformations

ObjectiveTo study the role of upper airway endoscopy (UAE) in craniofacial malformations in all different management approaches described in the literature.MethodsA narrative review was performed, based on a search in pubmed.ResultsUAE use was reviewed over five domains: 1) Diagnosis of glossoptosis and endoscopic classification: drug-induced sleep endoscopy is recommended to graduate tongue base obstruction; there is still no consensus on the graduation system to be used. 2) Airway abnormalities: there is a high incidence of additional lesions in conjunction with glossoptosis. 3) Swallowing evaluation: a formal comparison with fluoroscopy (gold standard) has not yet been performed in this population. 4) Intubation: thin bronchoscopes allow intubation of small babies; moreover, intubation with rigid video-assisted laryngoscopes show a high success rate in this population. 5) Treatment outcome monitoring: there is no consensus on the ideal parameters to be checked.ConclusionSome approaches have already been well established in the management of patients with craniofacial malformations, e.g. the endocopic evaluation of glossoptosis and associated lesions and its role as an intubation assistance tool, while others need to be subject of further research, e.g. its role in swallowing investigation and as a postoperative success control predictor.     

应用颌间牵引改善数字化下颌骨缺损重建术后咬合不良

目的评价应用颌间牵引改善数字化技术联合自体骨移植修复下颌骨缺损后仍然存在的上、下颌咬合关系不良的临床效果。方法回顾分析中山大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科和桂林市第二人民医院口腔科2016年1月至2018年2月进行的18例利用数字化技术联合自体骨移植修复口腔下颌骨缺损的手术,术前均采用数字化辅助外科技术制作个体化树脂头模、设计腓骨或髂骨修复的位置及高度,其中17例为血管化游离腓骨肌皮瓣修复手术、1例游离髂骨修复下颌骨缺损手术。9例术中植入Ormco颌间牵引钉并术后早期颌间牵引,维持咬合关系稳定,另外9例术中未同期植入牵引钉,术后无颌间牵引。记录颌间牵引钉使用数目、位置、咬合关系情况。采用Fisher确切概率法(SPSS 25.0统计软件),分析采用早期颌间牵引与未采用早期颌间牵引这两种方法对数字化技术辅助修复下颌骨缺损后咬合关系的恢复效果。结果手术同期植入牵引钉并早期颌间牵引的9例患者中,2例(22.22%)出院时(术后12~14 d)咬合关系正常、7例(77.78%)出院时存在不同程度后牙早接触;9例未同期植入牵引钉患者中,3例(33.33%)出院时咬合关系正常、6例(66.67%)存在不同程度咬合早接触,两组患者出院时咬合关系不佳的比例无明显差异(P=1.00)。术后1、6和12个月复诊,手术同期植入牵引钉并早期颌间牵引的9例患者,咬合关系均正常且稳定;未同期植入牵引钉行颌间牵引患者,术后1个月仅2例(22.22%)咬合关系正常、7例(77.78%)患者均不同程度咬合关系不良,未同期植入颌间牵引钉组患者咬合关系不佳发生率明显高于同期植入颌间牵引钉并早期颌间牵引组的患者(P=0.002)。结论应用牵引钉早期颌间牵引明显有利于数字化技术修复下颌骨缺损后的咬合关系稳定。     

Giant Osteoma of Mandible Causing Dyspnea: A Rare Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Osteomas are benign slow growing tumors of bone. Tumors are usually asymptomatic until they attain remarkable size and cause asymmetry or dysfunction. In view of few reported cases of giant osteoma of mandible, this article presents a case of giant osteoma of left mandible in a 53-year old male causing dyspnea due to compression of air way space.     

下颌骨透明标本的制作及其血供系统的观测

目的 探索下颌骨血供系统的直观观测手段。方法 将6例墨汁灌注的新鲜下颌骨标本制作成透明标本，对其血供系统进行观察分析。结果 下颌骨制作成透明标本后，可以清晰观测其血供系统的来源、分布以及吻合情况。下颌骨血供系统主要由下牙槽动脉及其分支，以及骨膜动脉网来完成。结论 下颌骨透明标本是直观观测下颌骨血供的有效手段。     

下颌支矢状劈开后退术前后下颌骨有限元模型的建立

目的 建立下颌支矢状劈开后退术前后的下颌骨三维有限元模型。方法 采用CT扫描技术，以活体人颅为标本．在计算机上建立手术前后的下颌骨模型。结果 分别建立了下颌支矢状劈开后退术前后正中咬合时的下颌骨三维有限元模型：术前模型包括90465个单元，132155个节点；术后模型包括83668个单元，123335个节点。结论 建立的模型与建模对象有较高的几何相似性和力学相似性。加载方式比较符合生理实际．较高的单元和节点数能够保证计算结果的精确性，所建模型能够为研究该术式前后关节内生物力学环境的变化提供有效的手段。     

兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型的建立

目的:建立兔双侧下颌骨牵张成骨实验动物模型。方法:选用16只成年雄性新西兰大白兔,随机分为4组,每组4只。在双侧下颌骨第一前磨牙前方无牙区行骨切开术,用自制牵张器固定。经过7d潜伏期,以每次0.5mm的速度牵张,每天2次,连续7d。分别在潜伏期末、牵张结束、固定期第14天、第28天处死动物,切取标本行X线和组织学观察。结果:全部动物的下颌骨被成功延长,牵张间隙逐渐被新生骨组织充填。结论:该方法建立的动物模型具有可行性和可重复性。