Cardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is not benign

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between morphological variation and postsurgical pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis (PPVS) in patients with cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included 168 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair of cardiac TAPVC from 2013 to 2019 (connection to the coronary sinus [CS], n = 136; connection directly to the right atrium [RA], n = 32). Three-dimensional computed tomography modeling and geometric analysis were performed to investigate the morphological features; their relevance to the PPVS was examined.ResultsThe connection type had no association with PPVS (CS type: 18% vs right atrial type: 19%; P = .89) but there was a higher incidence of PPVS in patients with a single PV orifice than > 1 orifice (P < .001). Confluence-to-total PV area ratio (hazard ratio, 4.78, 95% CI, 1.86-12.32; P = .001) and length of drainage route (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; P < .001) had a 4- and 1-fold increase in the risk for PPVS in the CS type after adjustment for age and preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. In the right atrial type, those with anomalous PV return to the RA roof were more likely to develop PPVS than to the posterior wall of the RA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe number of inter-junction PV orifice correlated with PPVS development in cardiac TAPVC. The confluence-to-total PV ratio, length of drainage route, and anomalous PV return to the RA roof are important predictors for PPVS. Morphological subcategorization in this clinical setting can potentially assist in surgical decision-making.     

A multidisciplinary approach for prenatal diagnosis of FRASER SYNDROME-report of a novel variant in FRAS1

ObjectiveWith this case report, we would like to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and atypical findings of congenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS), anhydramnios, and renal dysgenesis in the prenatal diagnosis of Fraser syndrome (FS).Case reportA 25-year-old primigravida at 19 weeks of routine anomaly scan revealed abnormal sonographic findings such as fetal bilateral dysplastic small kidneys and gross oligohydramnios. The further detailed evaluation revealed that both fetal lungs were hyperechogenic with prominent (dilated) trachea and bronchi suggestive of CHAOS. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of FS was suspected. The couple was counseled and the pregnancy was terminated. The postmortem evaluation and novel homozygous variant in the FRAS1 gene confirmed the diagnosis of FS.ConclusionThe diagnosis and counseling of the patient were supported by a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving an obstetrician, a fetal medicine specialist, a medical geneticist, and a fetal pathologist.     

Comparison between Antegrade versus Retrograde Ureteral Stent Placement for Malignant Ureteral Obstruction

PurposeTo compare the technical success of antegrade uteral stent (AUS) and retrograde ureteral stent (RUS) placements in patients with malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) and to determine the predictors of technical failure of RUS.Materials and MethodsThis study retrospectively included 61 AUS placements (44 patients) performed under fluoroscopic guidance and 76 RUS placements (55 patients) performed under cystoscopic guidance in patients with MUO from January 2019 to December 2020. Technical success rates of the 2 techniques were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors for technical failures.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 98.4% of the AUS group and 47.4% of the RUS group. After stabilized IPTW, the technical success rate was higher in the AUS group than in the RUS group (adjusted risk difference, 49.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35.4%–63.1%). The independent predictors for technical failure of the RUS procedure were age of ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR], 5.56; 95% CI, 1.73–21.27), ureteral orifice invasion (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.46–13.46), and extrinsic cancer (OR, 15.58; 95% CI, 2.92–111.81).ConclusionsThe technical success rate of AUS placement was higher than that of RUS placement in patients with MUO. RUS failure was associated with age of ≥65 years, cancer with ureteral orifice invasion, and extrinsic ureteral obstruction.     

六君子汤加味联合奥利司他治疗脾虚湿阻证单纯性肥胖症临床研究

目的:观察六君子汤加味联合奥利司他治疗脾虚湿阻证单纯性肥胖症的临床疗效及对血清瘦素(leptin)和脂联素(ADPN)水平的调节作用。方法:将80例患者随机分为对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组口服奥利司他治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用六君子汤加味治疗,2组均连续治疗12周;观察比较2组脾虚湿阻证证候评分、肥胖指征、临床疗效及血清leptin、ADPN水平。结果:总有效率观察组为95.00%,对照组为75.00%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组患者浮肿、疲乏无力、肢体困重、纳差、腹满等脾虚湿阻证证候评分较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且观察组上述各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组患者体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、体脂含量(FAT)值均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且观察组上述各指标改善较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清leptin水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),ADPN水平升高(P<0.05);且观察组两项指标改善较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。结论:六君子汤加味联合联合奥利司他治疗脾虚湿阻证单纯性肥胖症疗效显著,调节leptin、ADPN水平可能是其作用机制之一。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻的效果分析与研究

目的 探讨丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全身麻醉(全麻)的效果。方法 62例腹腔镜、泌尿科、骨科、肛肠科、妇科等手术治疗的患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组31例。对照组采用常规气管插管静脉复合全麻,实验组给予靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻。比较两组患者插入喉罩(插管)、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔出喉罩(拔管)1 min、拔管3 min时心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)水平;不良反应发生情况、麻醉效果;全麻起效时间、维持全麻时间、术后苏醒时间。结果 实验组插管时、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔管1 min、拔管3 min的HR水平分别为(77.52±6.36)、(73.26±5.56)、(72.01±4.69)、(75.35±7.63)、(72.34±6.79)次/min,均低于对照组的(92.34±7.85)、(87.97±5.25)、(78.85±5.20)、(95.69±9.21)、(85.63±7.43)次/min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组插管时、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔管1 min、拔管3 min的MAP水平分别为(90.25±6.73)、(87.65±7.98)、(88.79±7.65)、(88.09±5.61)、(88.52±5.16)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),均低于对照组的(109.51±7.85)、(103.27±12.43)、(102.52±8.21)、(106.74±7.68)、(104.62±7.71)mm Hg,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率3.23%低于对照组的19.35%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组麻醉总有效率96.77%均高于对照组的80.65%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组全麻起效、维持全麻、术后苏醒时间分别为(1.61±0.23)、(100.59±6.72)、(17.99±3.52)min,均短于对照组的(2.93±0.41)、(123.61±7.85)、(36.87±4.16)min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 针对腹腔镜等手术患者应用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻对血液动力学影响小,不良反应发生率低,麻醉效果良好,降低对机体损伤,值得推广应用。     

miR-125b-5p对喉鳞状细胞癌细胞能量代谢及增殖的影响

目的  探讨miR-125b-5p对喉鳞状细胞癌（laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma，LSCC）细胞能量代谢和增殖的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 实验分为miR-125b-5p转染组（miR-125b-5p模拟物转染LSCC）和对照组（空质粒转染LSCC细胞）。采用RT-qPCR 检测miR-125b-5p在正常支气管上皮细胞和LSCC细胞中的表达，CCK-8和流式细胞术检测LSCC细胞增殖、凋亡情况，Western blot检测miR-125b-5p过表达后LSCC中HK2的表达，3H-2DG法和乳酸盐比色测定实验分别检测LSCC细胞葡萄糖消耗和乳酸产生的情况。结果 RT-qPCR实验结果显示，与正常支气管上皮细胞相比，LSCC细胞中miR-125b-5p的表达降低（0.68±0.03 vs 0.22±0.05，t=7.025，P=0.001）。CCK-8实验结果显示，转染72 h和96 h后，miR-125b-5p转染组LSCC细胞的增殖能力均较对照组明显降低（P<0.05）。流式细胞术检测结果显示，miR-125b-5p转染组LSCC细胞凋亡率较对照组升高 ［（37.52±2.34）% vs （12.46±3.52）%，t=7.025，P<0.001）］，但细胞集落形成能力降低（0.29±0.02 vs 1.02±0.03，t=5.689，P=0.005）；荧光素酶报告基因测定实验结果显示，miR-125b-5p转染组的荧光素酶活性低于对照组（0.32±0.03 vs 1.01±0.02，t=7.543，P=0.001）；Western blot法实验结果显示，miR-125b-5p转染组HK2蛋白表达水平较对照组降低（0.12±0.02 vs 0.75±0.03，t=5.875，P=0.023）；miR-125b-5p转染组葡萄糖消耗量［（3.85±0.86） dpm/mg vs （10.52±1.34） dpm/mg，t=6.118，P=0.005］以及乳酸产生量［（4.23±1.36） dpm/mg vs （10.96±2.45） dpm/mg，t=5.907，P=0.002］亦较对照组降低。结论 miR-125b-5p可能通过下调HK2表达降低喉鳞状细胞癌细胞的能量代谢和增殖能力，诱导细胞凋亡。     

癌性肠梗阻内科治疗的“6字方针”

癌性肠梗阻（MBO）是指原发性或转移性恶性肿瘤本身及其抗肿瘤治疗引起的肠梗阻，是晚期肿瘤患者的常见并发症，总体发生率3%~15%。目前，MBO的治疗仍缺乏统一、有效的治疗规范，大多数医院都采用对症处理的。本文在总结数百例治疗经验基础上，提炼出“减（压）、加（营养）、抑（制消化液分泌）、激（素）、利（尿）、动（运动及促进肠蠕动）”六字方针，简单、实用、有效，通过临床观察，该方案能改善患者症状，恢复经口进食率，提高生活质量和手术治疗的机会，缩短住院时间及降低治疗费用，尽管尚缺乏前瞻性的随机对照研究结果，仍值得推广。     

MiRNA let-7a对人喉鳞癌细胞增殖的抑制作用CSCD

目的探讨miRNA let-7a调控高迁移率族蛋白2(HMGA2)对人喉鳞癌细胞株TU212增殖的影响。方法合成let-7a模拟体(let-7a mimics)并采用阳离子脂质体法瞬时转染入喉癌TU212细胞,裸鼠皮下注射TU212细胞,构建裸鼠移植瘤模型。RT-qPCR和Western blot法分别检测转染后TU212细胞及移植瘤内let-7a和HMGA2的表达。结果在过表达let-7a的喉癌TU212细胞中,HMGA2的转录和翻译水平下调,细胞增殖能力降低。体外成瘤实验证实,与let-7a NC组和空白对照组相比,转染let-7a mimics的喉癌细胞TU212成瘤组织的质量和体积均显著下降;let-7a过表达的TU212成瘤组织中HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白水平均明显下调。结论let-7a能显著抑制HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白表达,进而显著抑制喉癌细胞的增殖。