白细胞介素-8在哺乳动物生殖过程中的作用

白细胞介素-8(IL-8)作为中性粒细胞趋化因子和促血管生成因子,受到人们的重视。研究表明,IL-8促进卵细胞的发育、成熟,诱发排卵;在输卵管和子宫内膜的表达随月经周期而变化;参与胚泡着床和胚胎发育。本文综述IL-8在哺乳动物生殖过程中的重要作用。     

Cerebellar nuclear afferents--where do they originate? A re-evaluation of the projections from some lower brain stem nuclei

Summary Cerebellar nuclear afferents from some caudal brain stem nuclei in the cat were studied by means of retrograde transport after implantation of the wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase complex in crystalline form in the cerebellar nuclei. The findings give evidence that projections to the cerebellar nuclei from certain nuclei of the reticular formation proper (e.g., from the gigantocellular reticular nucleus) are very modest, while there appears to be no or extremely few cerebellar nuclear afferents from the paramedian reticular, spinal trigeminal, gracile, cuneate and external cuneate nuclei. Previous tracer studies have given evidence that also the pontine and red nuclei send very few, if any, fibres to the cerebellar nuclei. All these brain stem regions are known to project to the cerebellar cortex. This relative lack of mossy fibre collaterals to the cerebellar nuclei is discussed with references to previous literature on the distribution of cerebellar nuclear afferents, and the problem of how the cerebellar nuclei are facilitated is considered.Abbreviations Br.c. superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) - Br.p. middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) - C.r. interior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) - HRP horseradish peroxidase - L left - N.c. cuneate nucleus - N.c.e. external cuneate nucleus - N.c.t. nucleus of corpus trapezoideum - NIA anterior interposed nucleus - NIP posterior interposed nucleus - NL lateral (dentate) nucleus - N.l.l. nuclei of lateral lemniscus - NM medial (fastigial) nucleus - N.m.X. dorsal motor vagal nucleus - N.mes. mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus - N.r.l. lateral reticular nucleus (nucleus of the lateral funiculus) - N.r.p. paramedian reticular nucleus - N.r.t. reticular tegmental pontine nucleus - N V, VI, VII, XII root fibres of cranial nerves - Ol.s. superior olive - P.h. nucleus praepositus hypoglossi - Py pyramid - R right - R.gc. gigantocellular reticular nucleus - R.l. lateral reticular nucleus of Meessen and Olszewski - R.p.c. caudal pontine reticular nucleus - R.pc. parvicellular reticular nucleus - R.v. ventral reticular nucleus - Tr.sp.V. spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve - T.s. solitary tract surrounded by nucleus of solitary tract - V.m. medial vestibular nucleus - WGA wheat germ agglutinin - WGA-HRP wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate - V, VI, VII, X, XII motor nuclei of cranial nerves     

Etablierung eines Tiermodells des hepatozellul ren Karzinoms durch den Einsatz von allogenischer Implantationstechnik

Das hepatozellul re Karzinom ( HCC) ist mitmehr als 1 Million Erkrankungsf llen pro Jahrweltweit einer der h ufigsten malignen Tumoren[1] .Zweifellos ist das HCC- Tiermodell in der Strategiegegen HCC von gro er Bedeutung.Bisher stehtvielf ltige Verfahren zur Etabierung des HCC- Tier-modells zur Verf gung.Im folgenden wurde einHCC- Rattesmodell,das durch den Einsatz von allo-genischer Implantationstechnik erzeugt wurde,unddie betreffende Charaktere vorgestellt.1　 MATERIAL UND …     

Optimization of uretero-intestinal anastomosis in urinary diversion: an experimental study in dogs

Summary A new antireflux uretero-ileal reimplantation technique suitable for use with bladder substitutes is presented. This procedure entails creation of a serouslined extramural tunnel. Following detubularization of the bowel segment, the adjacent flaps are approximated by continuous 4/0 non-absorbable sutures 1.5 cm from the cut edges. The ureters are laid in the trough thus fashioned. Button-holes are created in the bowel flaps and a mucosa-to-mucosa uretero-ileal anastomosis is carried out. The mucosal edges of the flaps are then approximated by one layer of continuous 4/0 (PGA) suture resulting in closure of this artificial tunnel. The feasibility and functional outcome of this technique were experimentally investigated in 8 dogs. Follow-up was carried out up to 30 weeks. Assessment by intravenous urography and ascending studies showed that the procedure is an efficient method of providing an unobstructed unidirectional flow of urine.     

Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalyses of uterine epithelium from lead-injected mice in an experimental delay of implantation

Mice in experimental delay of implantation were injected intravenously with 75 g · g^–1 body weight of lead chloride, corresponding to a dose of lead of about 56 g · g^–1 body weight. Delay of implantation was obtained by ovariectomy 3 days after mating followed by a depot dose of progesterone every fifth day. Electron microscopy showed that the uterine lumen, which was closed in control mice, was opened in lead-injected mice. This morphology suggested that lead caused an increase in uterine secretion. X-ray microanalysis of pyroantimonate precipitates in the uterine epithelium of injected mice demonstrated lead in the precipitates, suggesting that lead could have a direct effect on the function of the uterine epithelium and that lead also could be secreted into the uterine lumen and affect the blastocysts.     

不完全分隔内耳畸形患者人工耳蜗植入研究进展

不完全分隔内耳畸形作为内耳畸形的一种,是导致重度、极重度感音神经性聋的病因之一.其曾被认为是人工耳蜗植入手术的禁忌症.但是随着相关研究的进展,人工耳蜗植入已成为其主要治疗手段.本文就不完全分隔内耳畸形的概念、分类、及其所致的重度、极重度感音神经性聋患者人工耳蜗植入手术的相关研究进展作一综述.     

1例人工耳蜗植入术患儿的护理

目的 探讨人工耳蜗植入术患儿的最佳护理措施.方法 对临床1例人工耳蜗植入术患儿进行手术前后的观察和护理,预防各种并发症发生.结果 患儿手术成功,术后一个月开启语言处理器能听到声音,现正接受听力语言训练,将获得精彩的有声世界,和正常儿童一样学习、生活和快乐成长.结论 针对患儿具体情况及时有效的手术前后护理,也是手术成功的重要环节之一.     

Medpor骨板在眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术中的应用

目的探讨应用Medpor骨板修复眼眶爆裂性骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法应用Medpor骨板作为充填材料施眼眶爆裂性骨折修复术28例,术后观察3个月~3年。结果 28例眼眶爆裂性骨折患者,其中单纯眶内壁骨折12例,单纯眶下壁骨折6例,眶内壁及下壁复合骨折10例。手术治愈19例(70%),好转9例(30%)。结论应用Medpor骨板作为充填材料治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折临床效果满意,安全可靠。     

基因突变与人工耳蜗植入效果的相关性

人工耳蜗植入术是目前唯一有效治疗双耳重度与极重度感音神经性聋的方法,然而不同个体其术后效果仍有差异,造成这些差异的影响因素一直以来都是研究热 点。由于遗传性聋约占先天性聋患者的50%以上,基因突变作为人工耳蜗植入术后效果的影响因素之一也逐渐被研究人员关注。本文对基因突变与人工耳蜗植入效果的相关性研究进展做一综述。     

单纯前庭导水管扩大行人工耳蜗植入患儿临床特征回顾性研究

目的　回顾性研究已行人工耳蜗植入的单纯前庭导水管扩大患者临床资料,研究其发病与植入年龄分布情况、手术并发症、发病诱因,为临床前庭导水管扩大诊疗提供依据。方法　回顾性研究2000年1月～2015年4月345例经颞骨CT诊断为单纯前庭导水管扩大并于北京同仁医院行人工耳蜗植入患儿临床资料,包括发病诱因、发病年龄、语前/语后聋情况、植入前听力水平及助听器使用情况、手术并发症,分析不同年龄段的发病特点、人工耳蜗植入情况、病程与佩戴助听器的关系,并对不同发病诱因进行分类总结。结果　单纯前庭导水管扩大患者发病年龄的中位数为1（0,2）岁,植入年龄的中位数为3.75（2.17,12）岁。大部分病例（276/345例）无明显诱因,有明确家族史者27例 （7.9%）,外伤所致听力下降者14例（4.1%）,感冒后诱发者10例（2.9%）,使用耳毒性药物所致者13例（3.8%）,有麻疹病毒感染史2例（0.6%）,1例为早产儿胆红素脑病所致。术中“井喷”发生率21.16%,无其他并发症。随病程延长佩戴助听器者比例增加,且两者之间具有显著相关性。结论  单纯前庭导水管扩大患者的发病年龄1岁左右,植入年龄3～4岁,病程越长术前曾使用助听器比例越高。此类患者大部分为不明原因听力下降,此外尚有部分是外伤、感冒或使用耳毒性药物所致,所以诊断为前庭导水管扩大的患者要积极避免以上诱因。前庭导水管扩大发病后要及时诊治,听力下降即考虑佩戴助听器,助听器不能补偿时需积极行人工耳蜗植入。