不同透析方式对维持血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的研究维持血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者在不同血液透析方式中,尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)、白细胞介素1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)及降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)的浓度变化,了解透析方式对维持血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响。方法选择内蒙古兴安盟人民医院60例MHD患者,男34例,女26例,年龄18~75岁。按透析方式将60例患者分为2组。高通量血液透析(high-flux hemodialysis,HFHD)组32例,使用Fx80聚砜膜进入HFHD;血液灌流(hemoperfusion,HP)联合血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)组28例,使用F6聚砜膜进入HP+HD。在所有患者均接受透析治疗6个月后分别采集2组患者血样检测BUN、SCr、β2-MG、Alb、IL-1、IL-6、CRP及PCT水平,采用方差分析进行比较。结果 2组的年龄、性别、透析龄比较,无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。高通量血液透析与血液灌流联合血液透析比较,BUN、SCr、、Alb水平差异性无统计学意义(P0.05);IL-1、IL-6、CRP、PCT、β2-MG水平比较差异性均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高通量血液透析较血液灌流联合血液透析患者,更好的改善微炎症状态,提高生存质量,而且不会明显增加患者的经济负担。     

高通量血液透析联合罗盖全对尿毒症患者钙磷代谢紊乱及微炎症状态的影响

目的：探讨高通量血液透析联合罗盖全对尿毒症患者钙磷代谢紊乱及微炎症状态的影响。方法选择2012年04月至2014年10月于南京医科大学附属江宁医院行规律血液透析的尿毒症患者70例。将70例尿毒症患者按随机数表法分为观察组35例(高通量血液透析联合罗盖全)和对照组35例(常规血液透析联合罗盖全),随访12个月,观察两组患者治疗前和治疗12个月后的血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)及炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、脂蛋白Lp(a)]的变化,比较两组患者心脏瓣膜钙化的患病率。结果治疗12个月后,观察组脱失5例,完成30例,对照组脱失4例,完成31例。观察组患者治疗12个月后的血磷[(1.60±0.15) mmol/L vs (1.23±0.17) mmol/L]、PTH [(68.9±4.73) nmol/L vs (30.26±3.10) nmol/L]、β2-MG水平[(24.26±7.14) mg/L vs (10.40±3.65) mg/L ]均显著低于对照组,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),而两组患者的血钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者的炎症因子hs-CRP [(15.48±5.86) mg/L vs (5.17±2.63) mg/L]、IL-6[(151.97±48.16) ng/L vs (82.42±27.40) ng/L]、TNF-α[(1.65±0.92) ng/L vs (0.86±0.24) ng/L]、Lp(a)[(486.75±380.42) mg/L vs (237.38±157.42) mg/L]水平均显著低于对照组,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组患者的心脏瓣膜钙化患病率为26.67%,显著低于对照组的54.83%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高通量血液透析联合罗盖全能够更有效的清除血磷、PTH、β2-MG及炎症因子,降低心脏瓣膜钙化患病率,其疗效优于普通血液透析联合罗盖全治疗。     

高通量血液透析对终末期肾病患者心功能的影响

目的 探讨高通量血液透析对终末期肾病患者心功能的影响。方法 选择2015年1月至2016年12月于开封市中心医院进行维持性血液透析的终末期肾病患者62例,按照随机数字表法分为高通量血液透析组和常规血液透析组,每组各31例。比较两组患者治疗后6个月的心肌损伤（心肌肌钙蛋白、B型脑钠肽、血清肌酐、尿素氮、甲状旁腺激素）和心功能指标的变化。结果 高通量血液透析组透析后甲状旁腺激素、心肌肌钙蛋白T、B型脑钠肽低于常规血液透析组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高通量血液透析组透析后IVST、LVPWT、LVMI低于常规血液透析组,LVEF高于常规血液透析组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 高通量血液透析可以有效清除甲状旁腺激素,相较于常规血液透析,在改善终末期肾病患者心功能方面具有一定优势。     

Extracorporeal removal of toxic valproic acid levels in children

Toxic ingestion of valproic acid is difficult to treat as no antidote exists and hemodialysis has been considered ineffective for clearance due to high protein binding of this drug. Recent reports suggest that protein binding of valproic acid is saturated at toxic levels, thereby allowing for removal of free drug by extracorporeal circuits. We describe our experiences in two children with toxic blood levels of valproic acid, in whom we were able to achieve effective clearances by extracorporeal removal without charcoal hemoperfusion. In an 18-year-old girl with initial valproic acid levels of 663 μg/ml (therapeutic 46–88 μg/ml), the elimination constant (k_el) increased five- to eightfold from 0.04/h pre dialysis and 0.06/h post dialysis to 0.31/h during high-flux hemodiafiltration. In the same time periods, drug half-life reduced from 15.96 h pre dialysis and 21 h post dialysis to 2.23 h during hemodiafiltration. In a younger 18-month-old child with initial levels of 922 μg/ml, k_el was fivefold higher at 0.25/h during conventional hemodialysis, compared with 0.05/h after dialysis. Similarly, the drug half-life was 2.9 h during dialysis and 12.9 h after dialysis. Both conventional hemodialysis and high-flux hemodiafiltration are effective treatment modalities that should be offered to all pediatric patients with valproic acid ingestion and neurological compromise. Received: 3 October 2001 / Revised: 8 January 2002 / Accepted: 13 January 2002     

On-line Hemodiafiltration in Southeast Asia: A Three-year Prospective Study of a Single Center

Abstract: Growing evidence suggests the superiority of on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF) compared with the conventional hemodialysis technique in many aspects; however, on-line HDF is still not used worldwide, including in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study is to compare various clinical outcomes between on-line HDF and high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD). This was a single-center three-year prospective observational study that demonstrated the clinical parameters after switching from HFHD to on-line HDF in 22 HDF patients, whose average age was 58.1 ± 13.3 years. The incidence of intradialytic undesired events, including hypotension, decreased and an apparent increase in appetite and an improvement in overall well-being were recorded by most patients after switching to on-line HDF. The data for dry weight, body mass index, and normalized protein nitrogen appearance, which represent nutritional status, showed a significant improvement while still maintaining a satisfactory albumin level. The adequacy in terms of urea reduction ratio significantly increased. The serum predialysis β₂-microglobulin levels were reduced by 25.7% from 31.1 ± 3.1 to 23.1 ± 4.8 mg/L (P < 0.05) at six months and remained constant during the three years of follow-up. The patients' lipid profile was well controlled, and the mean C-reactive protein value was still maintained in the normal range. In conclusion, our three-year experience showed that on-line HDF is a well-tolerated treatment with a lower incidence of intradialytic undesired events. The potential benefits may include the effective removal of higher molecular weight uremic toxins and an improved nutritional status, along with a low inflammatory state.     

Adequacy of haemodiafiltration

In this study we have evaluated the influence of blood and ultrafiltration flow rate on the performance of five different high-flux membrane dialysers during haemodiafiltration. On the basis of clearance data we optimised the haemodiafiltration schedule of six uraemic patients to maintain an adequate midweek blood urea nitrogen concentration, while reducing the treatment time from 285 +/- 23 min to 210 min. After a follow-up of 6 months, we observed no difference in the clinical tolerance or in the biochemical parameters, compared to those found during the preceding haemodialysis period. Our data confirm the suggestions of other authors that haemodiafiltration is an effective alternative to conventional haemodialysis.     

高通量血液透析对长期透析患者血清β2-MG浓度的影响及其临床意义

目的探讨高通量血液透析对长期血液透析患者血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)浓度的影响及临床意义.方法选择26例长期血液透析患者(高通量组14例,低通量组12例),高通量和低通量透析器均选用聚砜膜,表面积均为1.3m2,分别测定两组患者研究开始第一次透析治疗前、后治疗2周和6个月时透析前血清β2-MG浓度,同时观察关节痛程度的变化.结果高通量透析能有效清除血液透析患者体内的β2-MG,单次高通量透析后患者血清β2-MG的下降率达45.2%;高通量组患者血清β2-MG浓度在治疗开始、2周及6个月时分别为:66.3 mg/L、51.2 mg/L和47.6 mg/L,同时关节痛症状改善,而低通量组均无明显变化.结论高通量透析能够缓解长期血液透析患者的关节痛症状,这与高通量透析有效清除并持续降低血液透析患者血清β2-MG浓度有关,透析膜的通量是影响清除血液透析患者血清β2-MG的主要因素.     

高通量透析治疗对尿毒症血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响研究

目的探讨高通量透析治疗对尿毒症血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响。方法随机抽取2011年11月～2012年8月期间的尿毒症患者60例,随机分为对照组和改良组,每组各30例患者。对照组中的尿毒症患者采取常规的血液透析治疗,而对改良组中的尿毒症患者采取高通量透析治疗,对两组尿毒症患者的血浆胆固醇、低密度蛋白以及血尿素氮等变化情况进行比较分析。结果在对尿毒症患者进行相应的治疗后,患者的各项指标均有一定的改善,并且相对于对照组,改良组中尿毒症患者的各项指标降低情况更为良好,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在对尿毒症血液透析患者进行透析时,采取高通量透析治疗,对于改善患者的血脂代谢有一定的积极临床意义,值得推广。     

高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响分析

目的探究高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者钙磷代谢的影响。方法84例MHD患者作为研究对象,依据双色球法分为研究组与对照组,各42例。对照组给予低通量血液透析,研究组给予高通量血液透析。比较两组透析前、透析6个月后的钙磷代谢情况。结果透析6个月后,研究组甲状旁腺激素(261.33±25.21)pg/L、钙磷乘积(34.64±3.12)mg²/dl²、血磷(1.56±0.20)mmol/L、血钙(2.11±0.55)mmol/L,均优于对照组的(398.37±27.63)pg/L、(47.23±4.24)mg²/dl²、(1.81±0.31)mmol/L、(1.79±0.62)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MHD患者在血液透析过程中使用高通量血液透析,可有效改善患者钙磷代谢水平,利于患者疾病治疗,值得在患者血液透析过程中推广使用。     

不同血液透析方式对慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者β2-微球蛋白和瘦素清除率的影响

目的观察不同血液透析方式对慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者β2-微球蛋白和瘦素清除率的影响。方法 2009年11月～2011年11月,66例行常规血液透析的慢性肾功能衰竭患者随机分为两组,A组33例采用血液透析滤过,B组33例采用高通量血液透析,分别检测治疗前后β2-微球蛋白和瘦素水平变化。结果 B组治疗后1个月、6个月β2-微球蛋白水平明显降低(P﹤0.05)。B组治疗后1个月、6个月β2-微球蛋白水平明显低于同期对照组水平(P﹤0.05)。B组治疗后1个月、6个月瘦素水平明显降低(P﹤0.05),而A组疗后1个月、6个月瘦素水平明显升高(P﹤0.05)。B组治疗后1个月、6个月瘦素水平明显低于同期对照组水平(P﹤0.05)。结论较血液透析滤过,高通量血液透析能够明显清除血清β2-微球蛋白和瘦素水平,有助于提高患者的生活质量。