经导管动脉栓塞术治疗急性顽固性鼻腔大出血的可行性

目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞治疗急性顽固性鼻腔大出血的可行性。方法对17例顽固性鼻腔大出血患者采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺,送入4~5 F VER导管,行全脑血管及选择性血管造影,对出血血管进行分析、诊断,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)及明胶海绵超选择性栓塞出血血管,栓塞后立即拔出鼻腔填塞物观察出血是否停止。结果 17例患者一次栓塞成功,未发生与操作相关的严重并发症。栓塞后住院观察6~14 d后痊愈出院。随访1~3个月均无再次出血,亦无相关并发症发生。结论经导管动脉栓塞术治疗急性顽固性鼻腔大出血安全、可靠,疗效肯定,尤其在保守治疗无效时应作为首选的治疗方法。     

玉女煎加味治疗遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症的疗效观察

目的观察玉女煎加味治疗遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症(hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia,HTT)的临床疗效。方法收集北京同仁医院变态反应中心1年内就诊HTT患者7例,在鼻科填塞基础上,采用玉女煎随证加减治疗,观察治疗5周后对鼻部症状、鼻出血、生活质量的影响。结果在治疗后患者的症状明显改善,鼻部视觉模拟评分(4.4±1.3;20.8±1.6)分、鼻出血评分(6.5±2.2;18.7±2.0)分、日常生活质量(9.3±1.6;29.7±5.0)分(P<0.05),总有效率达85.7%。此外,HTT鼻部症状与鼻出血具有一定的相关性(R 2=0.8444),而中药对两者改善程度却无相关性(R 2=0.3905),对鼻出血的改善程度优于鼻部症状。结论中药玉女煎加味明显改善HTT的鼻出血的症状和部分改善特征性毛细血管扩张症。     

Síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendu y su relación con la dermatología

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1 case per 10,000 population. Its clinical manifestations are the result of arteriovenous malformations characterized by telangiectases that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, and solid organs and cause life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, systemic emboli, and heart failure. Timely diagnosis is thus essential in order to prevent disease-related complications and offer genetic counseling to families. We review the clinical features of Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome with a focus on mucocutaneous manifestations and their treatment.     

Sinonasal organising haematoma – a little known entity

IntroductionSinonasal organising haematoma is a recently described, rare, benign inflammatory condition, which closely resembles malignancy in its clinical presentation.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features of organising haematoma and to review the evolution of surgical options successfully used.MethodsA retrospective review of charts of all patients with a histopathological diagnosis of sinonasal organising haematoma was performed.ResultsSix (60%) of the 10 patients were male with a mean age of 47.4 years. All patients had unilateral disease with recurrent epistaxis as the presenting symptom. Maxillary sinus was the most commonly involved sinus. There was no history of trauma in any of the patients. Hypertension (80%) was the most commonly associated comorbidity. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the paranasal sinuses showed heterogeneous sinus opacification with/without bone erosion. Histopathological examination was diagnostic. Complete endoscopic excision was done in all patients resulting in resolution of the disease.ConclusionAwareness of this relatively new clinical entity and its evaluation and treatment is important for otolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons and pathologists alike. Despite the clinical picture of malignancy, histopathological features of benign disease can safely dispel such a diagnosis.     

Effect of single-dose intravenous tranexamic acid on postoperative nasal bleed in septoplasty

ObjectivePostoperative nasal bleeding is a common complication of septoplasty and may lead to painful procedure of nasal packing to stop bleeding. Since Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been reported to reduce bleeding, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of single dose of intravenous TXA on postoperative nasal bleed associated with septoplasty.Materials and methodsThis prospective randomized, double-blinded clinical trial consisted of 176 patients aged 18–55 years who underwent septoplasty for symptomatic deviated nasal septum. These participants were randomly divided into 2 groups; 88 patients were given normal saline (Control group) and 88 patients were administered a single shot of intravenous TXA 10 mg/kg (TXA group). Operative technique applied was same in all cases. At the end of surgery nasal packs, nasal splints or trans-septal suturing were not done. Nasal bleeding was monitored after surgery and up to 2 weeks postoperatively.ResultsPatients receiving TXA showed significantly less postoperative nasal bleeding compared with controls. Extensive bleeding in terms of number of gauze pads used and duration was also higher in placebo with a statistically significant difference (all P = < 0.05). Seven patients required nasal packing in control group to stop bleeding as compared to one patient in TXA group. Adverse reactions to TXA were minimal, and these were easily managed conservatively.ConclusionSingle intravenous dose of TXA is shown to be effective and safe agent in preventing postoperative nasal bleeding after septoplasty therefore avoiding additional techniques of nasal packing, intranasal splint or trans-septal suturing during surgery.     

鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器射频治疗鼻出血

目的:探讨鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器射频治疗鼻出血的临床治疗效果。方法:将本院2009年3月-2011年6月收治的48例鼻出血患者随机分为观察组和对照组各24例。观察组采用鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器进行射频治疗,对照组采用药物止血,分析对比两组患者的手术治愈率、术后复发率。结果:观察组治愈率为95.83%,对照组为54.17%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后4周内复发率为4.17%,明显好于对照组的25.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对鼻出血患者采用鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器射频治疗有突出优点,疗效显著,临床治愈率较高,复发率较低,可进一步观察应用。     

Epistaxis y dabigatrán,nuevo anticoagulante oral no antagonista de la vitamina K

ObjectiveDabigatran is a new non-vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulant with anti-thrombin action, with supposedly fewer haemorrhagic complications. However, there are actually no established agents to reverse its effect, nor specific coagulation time tests for monitoring it.Materials and methodsAn observational prospective study was developed, noting epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features among subjects with epistaxis treated with dabigatran. Results were compared with a group of epistaxis cases of individuals under anticoagulant therapy with VKA (acenocoumarol) and a control group without anticoagulation.ResultsSince its inclusion in our health system almost 3 years ago, 19 patients with epistaxis and concomitant use of dabigatran have been attended at the Emergency Unit in our hospital, as against 59 under VKA therapy and 144 without anticoagulation, with a mean admittance rate of 26%, 28% and 14%, respectively. In 3 out of 5 individuals admitted due to dabigatran treatment, previously unobserved renal failure was detected. Blood transfusion was needed in 80% of patients using dabigatran, 58% using VKA and 23% without anticoagulation. Invasive procedures to control nosebleed were required in 80%, 35% and 21%, respectively. Although haemorrhagic risk was lower in dabigatran cases, they showed the longest stay in the hospital when compared to the other groups.ConclusionsWith dabigatran, there are fewer cases of severe epistaxis than with acenocoumarol, but controlling them is more difficult.