Gastrostomy tubes: Fundamentals,periprocedural considerations,and best practices

Gastrostomy tube placement is a procedure that achieves enteral access for nutrition, decompression, and medication administration. Preprocedural evaluation and selection of patients is necessary to provide optimal benefit and reduce the risk of adverse events (AEs). Appropriate indications, contraindications, ethical considerations, and comorbidities of patients referred for gastrostomy placement should be weighed and balanced. Additionally, endoscopist should consider either a transoral or transabdominal approach is appropriate, and radiologic or surgical gastrostomy tube placement is needed. However, medical history, physical examination, and imaging prior to the procedure should be considered to tailor the appropriate approach and reduce the risk of AEs.     

神经内镜与显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除无功能性垂体腺瘤疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价神经内镜与显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除无功能性垂体腺瘤的疗效和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed 、Embase、Cochrane Center、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国知网等中英文数据库有关神经内镜、显微镜下经鼻蝶入路无功能性垂体腺瘤切除术的文献，时限为2018年7月之前。指标包括肿瘤切除率、脑脊液渗漏发生率和视力恢复率。结果 共纳入19篇文献，2 383例。Meta分析结果:神经内镜手术全切除率比显微镜手术要高（75% vs 62%，P<0.001），神经内镜组视力恢复率也高于显微镜组（82% vs 59%，P<0.001）。两组脑脊液漏发生率无统计学差异（4%vs 6%，P=0.078）。结论 与显微镜下手术相比，神经内镜手术切除无功能性垂体腺瘤的疗效更好。     

The role of upper airway endoscopy in craniofacial malformations

ObjectiveTo study the role of upper airway endoscopy (UAE) in craniofacial malformations in all different management approaches described in the literature.MethodsA narrative review was performed, based on a search in pubmed.ResultsUAE use was reviewed over five domains: 1) Diagnosis of glossoptosis and endoscopic classification: drug-induced sleep endoscopy is recommended to graduate tongue base obstruction; there is still no consensus on the graduation system to be used. 2) Airway abnormalities: there is a high incidence of additional lesions in conjunction with glossoptosis. 3) Swallowing evaluation: a formal comparison with fluoroscopy (gold standard) has not yet been performed in this population. 4) Intubation: thin bronchoscopes allow intubation of small babies; moreover, intubation with rigid video-assisted laryngoscopes show a high success rate in this population. 5) Treatment outcome monitoring: there is no consensus on the ideal parameters to be checked.ConclusionSome approaches have already been well established in the management of patients with craniofacial malformations, e.g. the endocopic evaluation of glossoptosis and associated lesions and its role as an intubation assistance tool, while others need to be subject of further research, e.g. its role in swallowing investigation and as a postoperative success control predictor.     

Endoscopy mitigation strategy with telemedicine and low-cost device use for COVID-19 prevention: A fourth-level Colombian center experience

Background and study aimsThe COVID-19 outbreak has reorganized surgical team conditions regarding endoscopy. The number of interventions has been reduced, the number of healthcare professionals must be limited, and both the patients and physicians are more protected than ever.Patients and MethodsIn the highest peak of contagion in Colombia, endoscopy, colonoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed using a low-cost disposable device. A total of 1388 procedures were performed. Every patient was assessed for symptoms via a telephone call, at the health center, and after the procedure, following specific attention routes.ResultsAfter procedure follow-up, no positive cases of COVID-19 were noted.ConclusionThe methodology reduced the risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

充气法单孔腔镜保留乳房手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的探讨充气法单孔腔镜保留乳房(简称保乳)手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的应用。 方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年11月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院诊断为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌且行保乳手术的102例患者临床资料，其中行单孔法腔镜保乳手术者48例(腔镜组)，行开放保乳手术者54例(开放组)，对患者的手术时间、美容效果、并发症及复发情况进行评估。2组患者间手术时间、美容效果的比较采用两独立样本的t检验。 结果102例患者均成功完成相应单孔法腔镜保乳或开放保乳手术，其中腔镜组手术时间为(184.2±76.2) min，开放组手术时间为(127.8±68.4) min，2组相比，差异有统计学意义(t＝3.923, P<0.001)。术后2个月进行美容效果评估：腔镜组美容效果评分明显高于开放组[(11.2±0.8)分比(9.1±0.9)分，t＝6.407, P<0.001]。2组患者术后均无皮肤坏死、活动性出血、感染等并发症。中位随访时间11.2个月，2组患者均无局部复发或远处转移病例。 结论充气法单孔腔镜保乳手术在保证早期乳腺癌肿瘤根治性的同时，可以较开放保乳手术获得更好的美容效果。