子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病的“异病同治”诊治研究思路＊

笔者根据现代临床子宫内膜的病理演变过程结合中医“异病同治”理念，提出“子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病”概念，涵盖5种常见的子宫内膜疾病：无排卵性异常子宫出血（Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Ovulatory dysfunction，AUB-O），子宫内膜息肉（Endometrial Polyp，EP），子宫内膜异位症（Endometriosis，EMs），子宫腺肌病（Adenomyosis，AM），子宫内膜癌（Endometrial Carcinoma，EC）。基于文献的汇总，分析得到此类疾病的子宫内膜病理演变与中医病因病机的关联性，为寻找关键通路、创新性治疗此类疾病提供了重要的参考方向，对深化中医妇科学常见疾病的共性病因病机提供了理论依据和探索思路。     

一种预测子宫内膜病变患者内膜病理类型的临床模型＊

目的 开发并评估一种用于预测子宫内膜病变患者内膜病理类型的临床模型；方法 选取2019年11月至2021年11月因妇科B超发现子宫内膜病变并于山东中医药大学附属医院行宫腔镜下内膜活检的患者，结合其病史与最小绝对收缩和选择算子法（Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator，LASSO）筛选影响内膜病变的独立危险因素，列线图（nomogram）函数建立列线图模型，采用ROC曲线下方的面积大小（Area Under Curve， AUC）、C指数（C-index）、拟合优度（Hosmer-Lemeshow）检验、自举法（bootstrap）评估及验证模型，依据列线图对纳入患者进行风险赋分，绘制ROC曲线获取风险评分的截断值，从而划分高低风险的人群；结果 阴道流血、绝经、无流产史、并发高血压、B超内膜厚度增厚、内膜回声不正常，中医证型为虚实夹杂证是发生子宫内膜癌及癌前病变的独立危险因素，评估模型所得AUC值与C-index均>0.9，Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示P>0.05，bootstrap内部验证法所得C-index亦高于0.9，均说明模型准确度、区分度及可信度良好，当患者的风险评分总和≥177分时，属于高风险人群；结论 本模型可以预测B超提示子宫内膜病变患者的内膜病理类型为癌前或恶变型的概率并识别高风险人群。     

A novel CDKN1A-JAZF1 gene fusion in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma arising from endometriosis in abdominal wall cesarean section scar: A case report and literature review

ObjectiveWe report a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) with a novel CDKN1A-JAZF1 fusion gene arising from abdominal wall endometrioma.Case reportA 40-year-old woman presented with a 5.5-cm abdominal wall mass juxtaposed to the postoperative scar of two cesarean sections. Histologically, the tumor exhibited obvious tongue-like protrusions into the surrounding tissue, showed spindle cells with multinodular growth pattern that occasionally rotate around small arteries. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD10, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), negatively stained for smooth muscle actin (SMA), CD117, CyclinD1. In addition, a previously undescribed gene fusion between CDNK1A 5′ end of exon 1(NM_000389.5) and JAZF1 3′ end of exon 5 (NM_175,061,3) was reported in this case.ConclusionThis report of ESS suggesting that rapidly growing abdominal wall masses without menstruation-related should be promptly evaluated and treated aggressively. In addition, we have expanded the molecular landscape of low-grade ESS.     

二补助育汤对胚胎着床障碍小鼠子宫血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的：探讨二补助育汤对胚胎着床障碍模型小鼠子宫内膜形态及血管生成素-1（Ang-1）mRNA、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA的表达和定位的影响。方法：24只ICR雌性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、二补助育汤组，每组6只，用米非司酮建立胚胎着床障碍动物模型，各组给予相应药物灌胃，妊娠第5天处死小鼠后，检测各组妊娠率、平均着床位点数、子宫内膜Ang-1和VEGF mRNA表达量及其蛋白定位。结果：模型组小鼠平均胚胎着床位点数、Ang-1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达量明显低于空白组（均P<0.05）；与模型组比较，二补助育汤组平均胚胎着床位点数、Ang-1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达量显著提高（均P<0.05）。结论：二补助育汤可提高子宫内膜Ang-1和VEGF蛋白表达量，促进子宫内膜血管生成，从而提高子宫内膜容受性。     

甲状腺功能减退与子宫内膜癌的相关性分析

 目的 探讨甲状腺功能减退与子宫内膜癌（EC）的关系及EC患者癌组织分化程度和雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）的表达与甲状腺功能之间的关系。方法 选取2015年1月—2018年7月我院收治的EC患者113例，同时随机选取年龄与EC组相匹配的此段时间内我院健康体检的妇女156例作为对照组，检测血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺激素（FT4）。比较两组间甲状腺功能减退的患病率，并利用免疫组织化学法测定EC患者手术切除标本的癌组织中ER、PR的表达，分析EC患者癌组织分化程度及癌组织中ER、PR的表达与甲状腺功能之间的相关性。结果 EC组甲状腺功能减退的患病率较对照组高（P<0.000）。低分化EC患者的TSH高于中分化EC患者（P=0.025）。EC手术切除标本的癌组织中ER、PR阳性与阴性患者的TSH、FT4差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 甲状腺功能减退与EC具有相关性。     

Chest wall metastasis of endometrial cancer: case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female cancer and also distant metastases to the chest wall associated with these tumors are seen less common. Surgical treatment options for metastases of endometrial cancer are limited.

Case: A 57-year-old patient who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy?+?bilateral salpingo oophorectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and tuba is presented. The patient initially presented with pleural effusion 8 years ago and the tumor was detected while during etiologic screening. The patient had no problems after adjuvant chemotherapy and had been living in another city when she presented with a mass on the chest wall measuring 20?×?15?×?12?cm 8 years after the initial diagnosis and distant organ metastasis due to the first surgery was detected. The mass was first thought to be a sarcoma and the tru-cut biopsy revealed a metastatic lesion that was immunohistochemically similar to the first surgical specimen. The mass was resected with a wide radical excision and ‘no touch’ technique. The patient was then discharged with no postoperative complications.

Conclusion: Here in, a case with a distant organ metastasis due to an endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma is presented accompanied by literature data.     

腹针联合脐疗对黄体功能低下型不孕症患者子宫内膜容受性的影响

目的:探讨腹针联合脐疗对黄体功能低下型不孕症患者子宫内膜容受性的影响,旨在为临床治疗提供有力参考。方法:选择黄体功能低下型不孕症患者140例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各70例。两组均给予常规黄体酮治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予黄体酮联合腹针治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合脐疗治疗。对比治疗前、治疗3个月经周期后两组证候总积分、子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜血流参数[阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]、黄体中期激素[雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)]及妊娠率。结果:治疗后,与对照组相比,观察组证候总积分较低,子宫内膜厚度较高,PI、RI指数较低,E2、P水平均较高,妊娠成功率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:将腹针与脐疗联合用于黄体功能低下型不孕症患者治疗中,能够有效缓解患者临床症状,提高黄体中期雌孕激素水平,改善黄体中期血流灌注,促进子宫内膜增长,从而提高子宫内膜容受性,提高临床妊娠成功率。     

腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌治疗中的效果观察及安全性评价

目的 探究腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌治疗中的效果及安全性。方法 本研究中的观察对象均为本院接收的210 例子宫内膜癌患者，上述患者入院时间均在2015 年1 月～2019 年6 月。分析上述患者的病历资料，依据治疗方案分为对照组和观察组，其中对照组105例患者接受传统开腹手术治疗，观察组105例患者给予腹腔镜手术治疗。比较两组患者手术指标、手术效果、复发率、无瘤生存率及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组手术耗时[（208.81±8.36）min]长于对照组，术中出血量[（204.15±20.72）mL]、术后肛门排气时间[（36.41±3.32）d]、导尿管留置时间[（2.03±0.46）d]及住院时间[（9.58±2.76）d]均明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组盆腔淋巴结切除数目[（24.71±1.19）枚]和腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除数目[（4.09±0.96）枚]同对照组[（24.95±1.26）枚、（4.24±1.08）枚]比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；观察组并发症总发生率（1.90%）明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；两组复发率（1.90% vs 0.00%）、无瘤生存率（96.19% vs 99.05%）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌治疗中的效果显著，且术后并发症发生风险较低。     

A modified technique to perform para-aortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vein

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of our modified technique to perform lymph node excision up to the renal vein in cases of gynecological cancer.Materials and methods87 patients with endometrial or ovarian neoplasms underwent laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy (LPAL) up to the left renal vein were enrolled prospectively. During surgery, the surgeon was positioned to the right side of the patient and an additional trocar was introduced into the upper right abdomen. The laparoscopic video screen was placed to the side of the patient's head. Three-fan retractor forceps were used to hold up the duodenum and small bowel. The rest of the procedure was the same as conventional LPAL.ResultsThe median operating time for LPAL was 72 min (range: 40–115 min) and the median estimated blood loss was 45 ml (range: 15–1000 mL). There were two cases of intra-operative vascular injury. The median number of retrieved para-aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) was 18 (range: 10–37). Of the 87 patients, 11 patients had positive PALNs. None of the cases required laparotomy.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that our modified LPAL technique is feasible, reproducible, can achieve good exposure and reduces surgical difficulty.