EEG power spectral density under Propofol and its association with burst suppression,a marker of cerebral fragility

ObjectiveUnder General Anesthesia (GA), age and Burst Suppression (BS) are associated with cognitive postoperative complications, yet how these parameters are related to per-operative EEG and hypnotic doses is unclear. In this prospective study, we address this question comparing age and BS occurrences with a new score (BP_TIVA) based on Propofol doses, EEG and alpha-band power spectral densities, evaluated for SEF₉₅ = 8–13 Hz.Methods59 patients (55 [34–67] yr, 67% female) undergoing neuroradiology or orthopedic surgery were included. Total IntraVenous Anesthesia was used for Propofol and analgesics infusion. Cerebral activity was monitored from a frontal electrodes montage EEG.ResultsBP_TIVA was inversely correlated with age (Pearson r = −0.78, p < 0.001), and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) when BS occurred during the GA first minutes (induction). Additionally, the age-free BP_TIVA score was better associated with BS at induction than age (AUC = 0.94 versus 0.82, p < 0.05).ConclusionWe designed BP_TIVA score based on hypnotics and EEG. It was correlated with age yet was better associated to BS occurring during GA induction, the latter being a cerebral fragility sign.SignificanceThis advocate for an approach based on evaluating the cerebral physiological age (« brain age ») to predict postoperative cognitive evolution.     

傣族药产地生态适宜性分析与产业发展策略

适宜性产区能够保障傣族药的品质,然而有关植物类傣族药适宜生态因子及适宜产区的研究目前较为匮乏。本研究利用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(GMPGIS)对植物类傣族药进行全国产地生态适宜性分析,首次提出了植物类傣族药主要分布区域的生态因子范围和主要土壤类型,如年均温8. 6～23. 7℃,年均降水量1 212～1 881 mm,年均日照149. 7～157. 4 W·m-2,主要土壤类型为强淋溶土、冲积土、高活性强酸土等。以179个采样点为基础,通过生态相似性分析得到植物类傣族药在全球范围内的最大生态相似度区域,主要包括中国、巴西、美国、缅甸、老挝等国家。在中国主要集中在云南的西部和南部,包括西双版纳傣族自治州、德宏傣族景颇族自治州普洱市、保山市、临沧市具有较大的适宜栽培区域。除此之外,本文通过分析傣族药人才匮乏、傣族药资源日益减少、文化传承具有局限性、科学研究薄弱等问题,并提出了通过傣族医药高素质人才培养、傣族药资源调研和保护工作、推进傣族药资料古籍的搜集整理、加强傣族药基础研究和应用研究等策略促进傣族医药发展。本研究为指导植物类傣族药生产基地合理布局、引种繁育等提供依据,为高品质傣族药的科学规范化生产奠定基础。     

单抗N糖分析系统适用性对照品的建立

目的建立单抗N糖分析方法的系统适用性对照品,并设定相应的系统适用性要求。方法利用液质联用(LC-MS)仪对N糖系统适用性对照品进行N糖型的表征鉴别,并对对照品进行稳定性评价。结合方法特点和验证数据,对系统适用性要求进行设定。结果建立的系统适用性对照品具有良好的稳定性,其糖型涵盖了单抗主要的N糖型种类。针对3种药典拟收录的单抗N糖分析方法,设定了以下系统适用性要求,包括:图谱与典型图谱相似、G1F(1,6)和G1F(1,3)的分离度应满足具体要求、G0F%应在规定的范围内、G0F保留时间的RSD应≤4%。结论建立了单抗N糖系统适用性对照品,可配合3种2020年版《中国药典》拟收录的N糖分析方法使用。     

An eco-friendly HPLC-UV method for the determination of risedronate in its bulk and tablet dosage form with application to content uniformity,dissolution and stability testing

Risedronate is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The current work aims to develop a novel green HPLC-UV method for the rapid analysis of risedronate sodium in bulk and tablet formulation. The analyzed samples were separated on Waters Atlantis dC18 (150 mm × 3.9 mm; 5 μm) column using a green mobile phase consisting of potassium phosphate buffer pH 2.9 and potassium edetate buffer pH 9.5 in a ratio of 1:2, the final pH was adjusted to 6.8 with phosphoric acid, the mobile phase was pumped at a rate of 1.0 mL/min, with column temperature set at 30 °C, eluted samples were detected at 263 nm and the chromatographic run time was 3.0 min. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 14–140 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.9994. Accuracy and precision were evaluated from three QC samples (LQC, MQC and HQC) together with the five calibrators where the percentage accuracy was found to be 101.84%. Processed quality control samples of risedronate sodium were tested for stability at different conditions, short term, long term and freeze- thaw stability. The current method was further extended to study the content uniformity of Actonel® tablets following United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) guidelines. The proposed method was fully validated as per ICH guidelines.     

基于MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS的远志生境适宜性评价

目的 远志主产东北、华北、西北和华中地区以及四川省，不同产地的药用植物远志有明显质量差异，且远志的栽培区较为集中，在全国范围内针对远志的适宜性区划研究较少，为确定全国范围内的远志适宜区划，根据远志采样点所分布区域的生态因子，对全国范围内远志的生境适宜性进行评价分析。方法 运用MaxEnt模型筛选出影响远志生境分布的生态因子，构建评价模型，利用ArcGIS软件对远志的生境进行适宜性评价，得到全国范围内远志生境的高适宜区、中适宜区、低适宜区和不适宜区。结果 评价模型精度较高，得出远志在我国的适宜性分布区面积为3.21×10⁶ km²，其中高适宜区面积为0.52×10⁶ km²；中适宜区面积为0.96×10⁶ km²；低适宜区面积为1.73×10⁶ km²。高适宜区主要分布在山西省、河北省、山东省、陕西省、辽宁省和河南省。影响远志分布的主要生态因子有年均温变化范围、最干季度平均温度、最湿季度降水量、海拔、坡度、上层（0~30 cm）碳酸盐或石灰含量。结论 研究结果与相关文献的记载较为吻合，可为中药远志的野生资源保护与栽培种植提供理论参考。     

2种方法制作金属基底冠边缘适合性和金瓷结合力比较

目的 比较激光打印金属基底冠与铸造钴铬合金基底冠边缘适合性及金瓷结合力的差异。方法 分别采用激光打印制作钴铬合金基底冠（A组）和传统铸造法制作钴铬合金基底冠（B组）各10个,均以下颌第一磨牙全冠牙体为金属代型,将制作好的基底冠放置于标准代型。体式显微镜下观察基底冠边缘与代型肩台间间隙,以评估边缘适合性;利用万能测试机对基底冠进行加载实验,以评估金瓷结合力。比较2种方法制作的基底冠边缘适合性和金瓷结合力的差异,采用SPSS 25.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 A组金属基底冠与代型肩台间隙为（48.52±5.26）μm,显著小于B组的（76.25±8.37）μm（P<0.05）;A组金属基底冠金瓷结合强度为（11.35±3.29）N,显著高于B组的（7.24±2.07）N（P<0.05）。电镜下观察,A组金属层与瓷层结合更为紧密。结论 激光打印和传统铸造法制作的金属基底冠边缘适合性和金瓷结合力均在可接受范围,而激光打印的金属基底冠边缘适合性更好、金瓷结合力更强,是理想的金属基底冠制作技术。     

Comparative value and determinants of suitability of outcome measures in treated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Coronavirus disease 2019 has created unprecedented challenges for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical care and research in the United States. Traditional evaluations for making an ALS diagnosis, measuring progression, and planning interventions rely on in-person visits that may now be unsafe or impossible. Evidence- and experience-based treatment options, such as multidisciplinary team care, feeding tubes, wheelchairs, home health, and hospice, have become more difficult to obtain and in some places are unavailable. In addition, the pandemic has impacted ALS clinical trials by impairing the ability to obtain measurements for trial eligibility, to monitor safety and efficacy outcomes, and to dispense study drug, as these also often rely on in-person visits. We review opportunities for overcoming some of these challenges through telemedicine and novel measurements. These can reoptimize ALS care and research in the current setting and during future events that may limit travel and face-to-face interactions.     

Edge strength of indirect restorative materials

Objectives

To evaluate the edge strength and fracture patterns of different all-ceramic and indirect composite materials used in prosthodontic applications.

Methods

Fourteen rectangular-shaped samples (2–2.5 mm thick) were prepared of each of the following materials: BelleGlass NG (Kerr) (BG), fibre-reinforced BelleGlass/EverStick (Kerr/Stick Tech Ltd.) (BGES), Vita Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik) (VMII), bilayered IPS e.max Ceram/CAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent) (Ceram/CAD), bilayered IPS e.max Ceram/ZirCAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent) (Ceram/ZirCAD) and unilayered IPS e.max CADLT (Ivoclar-Vivadent) (CADLT). Each group was further subdivided into seven subgroups (n = 2) corresponding to different edge distances at which samples were loaded. Samples were tested with an edge strength machine (CK10, Engineering Systems, Nottingham, UK) using a diamond Vickers indenter. The force-to-failure (N) was recorded and four readings were obtained per sample. The mode of failure was analysed microscopically. One-way ANOVA was used to detect differences in edge strength among the groups and correlation and regression analyses were used to detect the correlation between distance of loading and failure force.

Results

The mean values of edge strength (N) were 94.1 (11.2) for BG, 134.4 (10.9) for BGES, 50.5 (8.9) for VMII, 54.4 (7.5) for Ceram/CAD, 53.2 (8.4) for Ceram/ZirCAD and 69.1 (9.1) for CADLT. Significant (p < 0.05) strong positive linear correlations were found between the force-to-failure and edge distance among all groups. Three patterns of failure were identified: surface indentation without visible cracking, surface indentation with visible cracking and chipping.

Conclusions

Indirect composite materials had better edge fracture behaviour than all-ceramic materials. The addition of fibres enhanced the performance of the resin-composite material. Fracture strength increased as the distance from the edge increased. Edge fracture was restricted to the veneer material in bilayared systems and therefore a stronger veneer material is recommended.     

Miniature specimens for fracture toughness evaluation of dental resin composites

Objective

Millimeter-scale (“miniature”) specimens enable in-situ evaluation of mechanical properties of engineering materials at reduced cost. Here three such specimens for measuring fracture toughness (K_C) are developed and implemented to new dental materials. The latter include concurrent methacrylate-based and new ether-based resin composites designed to reduce polymerization stress and enhance service life in restored teeth.

基于GMPGIS全球变暖情景下人参未来生态适宜产区变化

目的:通过开展未来时期人参全球潜在生态适宜产区分析,为其合理规划生产布局提供科学依据。方法:采用"药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统"(Global Geographic Information System for Medicinal Plant,GMPGIS),以人参本草文献记载的道地产区、野生分布区以及当前主产区人参生态因子数值为依据,对其在全球范围内的潜在生态分布区进行分析。结果:亚洲东部、北美洲中部及东部、欧洲中南部及大洋洲东部地区是当前人参全球范围内的主要适生区域。随着全球气候变暖,在温室气体排放相对较少的A1b模型和排放较多的A2a模型下,2050年人参潜在生态适宜产区面积约为9 500×10~3km~2,比当前产区适宜面积增加了7.05%~7.12%,增长区域主要分布在亚洲东北部和欧洲北部地区;2100年人参适宜产区面积约为10 800×10~3km~2,比当前产区适宜面积增加了22.89%~27.41%,增长区域主要分布在欧洲北部及亚洲中部及东部地区。结论:气温升高有助于人参适宜产区增加,本研究结果可为人参生产布局规划、引种栽培、规模化种植提供科学依据。