Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): Co-expression in metastatic serous ovarian carcinoma

Activation or suppression of intracellular signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family has been linked to expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in experimental models, but this association has not been demonstrated in clinical material. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between expression and activity of MMP, expression of the MMP inducer EMMPRIN, and the expression (level) and phosphorylation status (activity) of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and high osmolarity glycerol response kinase (p38) in effusions from patients diagnosed with serous ovarian carcinoma. MAPK level and activity were studied in 55 effusions using immunoblotting. MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression was studied using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). The gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured by zymography. ERK and phospho-ERK (p-ERK) were detected in 54/55 (98%) and 50/55 (91%) specimens, respectively. JNK and p-JNK were detected in 53/55 (96%) and 38/55 (69%) specimens, respectively. p38 was expressed in 54/55 (98%) specimens, and its phosphorylated form was found in 51/55 (92%). MMP-2 mRNA expression (P=0.048), protein expression (P=0.046) and gelatinolytic activity (P=0.039) correlated with ERK phosphorylative activity. MMP-2 activity also correlated with p38 activity (P=0.017). MMP-9 protein expression correlated with phosphorylation of p38 (P=0.046), but enzyme activity showed inverse relationship with both p-ERK (P=0.05) and p-p38 (P=0.033) expression. EMMPRIN expression correlated with MMP-1 (P<0.001), MMP-2 (P=0.042) and MMP-9 (P=0.029) expression, as well as with ERK activity (P=0.001). Our results present the first evidence of a possible link between MAPK signaling and MMP expression and activity in vivo. These data may expand our understanding regarding the mechanisms by which MMP synthesis is regulated in effusions and possibly affect treatment strategies for this form of malignancy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子和基质金属蛋白酶-2在喉癌中的表达

目的　了解细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子 (EMMPRIN )和基质金属蛋白酶 2 (MMP 2 )在喉癌的表达情况 ,探讨两者表达的关系以及与喉癌浸润和转移的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法对 47例喉癌和 2 2例正常喉组织中的EMMPRIN和MMP 2的表达情况进行检测。结果　EMMPRIN和MMP 2在喉癌的阳性表达率 (分别为 87.2 %和 91.5 % )明显高于正常喉组织分别为 ( 9.1%和 18.2 % ) ,EMMPRIN和MMP 2的强阳性表达与喉癌的病理分级、临床分期和淋巴结转移情况有关 ;EMM PRIN和MMP 2的表达一致率为 91.5 % ,Kappa值为 0 .614 ,两者表达具有明显的相关性。 结论　EMMPRIN和MMP 2在喉癌有阳性表达 ,表达与喉癌的临床分期和淋巴结转移有关 ,EMMPRIN与MMP 2的产生有密切的关系     

ESCC神经浸润的临床病理学意义及其与EMMPRIN蛋白的关系

目的 研究食管鳞状细胞癌神经组织浸润与临床病理学指标、预后及EMMPRIN蛋白的关系。方法 复习159例ESCC组织常规切片，并用免疫组织化学染色检测85例ESCC组织EMMRIN的表达，分析ESCC的神经组织浸润与性别、年龄、组织学分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期、预后等生物学行为和EMMPRIN的关系。结果 159例ESCC神经组织浸润的发生率为42％，85例ESCCEMMPRIN的阳性率为80％。神经组织浸润与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期均呈正相关（P分别为0。013、0．000和0．004。r分别为0．29、0．41和0．30），与性别、组织学分化程度和预后均无关（P〉0．05）。85例ESCCEMMPRIN的表达与神经组织浸润无关（P〉0．05）。结论 ESCC的神经组织浸润与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期等生物学行为有密切关系，提示发生神经组织浸润的ESCC具有较强的浸润和转移能力。     

Increased expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and MMP10, MMP23 in inflammatory bowel disease: Cross‐sectional study

It has been reported that EMMPRIN is involved in the regulation of immune response and the induction of MMPs production by fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to describe the intestinal gene expression and protein production of EMMPRIN, MMP23 and MMP10 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) and compared them with a control group. Gene expression of EMMPRIN, MMP10 and MMP23B was measured by RT‐PCR. In order to determine EMMPRIN and MMP protein expression, colonic tissues were immunostained. The results of the study showed EMMPRIN gene expression was upregulated in rectal mucosa from active (a)UC versus aCD patients (P = .045), remission (r)CD group (P = .0009) and controls (P < .0001). We detected differences between rUC and aCD (P = .004), rCD (P < .0001) or control group (P < .0001). EMMPRIN showed a higher expression in mucosa (intraepithelial lymphocytes), submucosa and adventitia (endothelial cells) from aCD patients. MMP23 levels were increased in aUC and aCD compared to rUC and rCD and the control group (P = .0001). EMMPRIN+/MMP23+─expressing cells were localized mainly in mucosa, muscular and adventitia from active UC patients. MMP10 gene expression was increased in aUC versus CD patients and the control group (P = .0001). MMP10 gene expression is associated with inflammation in UC patients (P = .0001, r² = .585). EMMPRIN+/MMP10+─producing cells were found mainly in all intestinal layers and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates from aUC patients. In conclusion, EMMPRIN, MMP23 and MMP10 were upregulated in patients with active UC versus remission UC , CD and control groups suggesting that, they are involved in the inflammatory process.     

La ivabradina induce cardioprotección previniendo la degradación de la matriz extracelular inducida por shock cardiogénico

Introduction and objectivesIvabradine reduces heart rate by blocking the I(f) current and preserves blood pressure and stroke volume through unknown mechanisms. Caveolin-3 protects the heart by forming protein complexes with several proteins, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-metalloproteinase-inducer (EMMPRIN) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HN4), a target of ivabradine. We hypothesized that ivabradine might also exert cardioprotective effects through inhibition of ECM degradation.MethodsIn a porcine model of cardiogenic shock, we studied the effects of ivabradine on heart integrity, the levels of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN, and the stability of caveolin-3/HCN4 protein complexes with EMMPRIN.ResultsAdministration of 0.3 mg/kg ivabradine significantly reduced cardiogenic shock-induced ventricular necrosis and expression of MMP-9 without affecting EMMPRIN mRNA, protein, or protein glycosylation (required for MMP activation). However, ivabradine increased the levels of the caveolin-3/LG-EMMPRIN (low-glycosylated EMMPRIN) and caveolin-3/HCN4 protein complexes and decreased that of a new complex between HCN4 and high-glycosylated EMMPRIN formed in response to cardiogenic shock. We next tested whether caveolin-3 can bind to HCN4 and EMMPRIN and found that the HCN4/EMMPRIN complex was preserved when we silenced caveolin-3 expression, indicating a direct interaction between these 2 proteins. Similarly, EMMPRIN-silenced cells showed a significant reduction in the binding of caveolin-3/HCN4, which regulates the I(f) current, suggesting that, rather than a direct interaction, both proteins bind to EMMPRIN.ConclusionsIn addition to inhibition of the I(f) current, ivabradine may induce cardiac protection by inhibiting ECM degradation through preservation of the caveolin-3/LG-EMMPRIN complex and control heart rate by stabilizing the caveolin-3/HCN4 complex.     

高糖和茶多酚对人脐静脉内皮细胞谷胱甘肽S转移酶、髓过氧化物酶活性及基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子表达的影响

目的 探讨高糖对内皮细胞产生活性氧和基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)的影响及茶多酚(TPs)的干预作用.方法 培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),分为正常对照组、高糖组、TPs对照组和TPs干预组.培养0、6、12、24 h后,用分光光度比色法测定细胞上清液髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GSH-ST)含量,用免疫细胞化学法测定细胞内EMMPRIN的变化.结果 高糖导致内皮细胞GSH-ST活性下降和MPO含量升高,下调EMMPRIN表达,其变化随时间延长更为明显.TPs干预可拮抗高糖时内皮细胞的上述改变.结论 高糖能引起内皮细胞的氧化应激,影响细胞外基质降解,TPs可以抑制这种作用.     

基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子在先兆流产绒毛及蜕膜组织中的表达

目的探讨先兆流产时绒毛及蜕膜组织中细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（EMMPRIN）的表达情况。方法选取30例妊娠早期发生先兆流产的妇女,30例自愿行负压吸引术终止妊娠的早期正常妊娠妇女,在获取绒毛及蜕膜组织后应用免疫组织化学技术对EMMPRIN进行检测。结果（1）先兆流产组绒毛表达的EMMPRIN强于正常妊娠组,且增强部位为细胞滋养层柱细胞与合体滋养细胞。（2）EMMPRIN在先兆流产组、正常妊娠组蜕膜组织中均呈阳性表达,且二者表达的EMMPRIN无明显差异。结论发生先兆流产时合体滋养细胞、细胞滋养层柱所表达的EMMPRIN增强可能通过上调绒毛及蜕膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的水平,降解细胞外基质（ECM）,使绒毛剥离、蜕膜组织剥脱。     

EMMPRIN和MMP-2的表达与大肠癌临床病理学的关系及意义

目的:探讨大肠癌组织EMMPRIN和MMP-2蛋白的表达意义.方法:大肠癌患者108例,以正常结、大肠黏膜30例作为对照,应用SABC免疫组化方法检测EMMPRIN和MMP-2蛋白的表达.结果:大肠癌组织EMMPRIN和MMP2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为81.5%(88/108)和86.1%(93/108),明显高于正常大肠黏膜组织(6.7%和20.0%,P<0.01).EMMPRIN和MMP2在中、低分化癌中的强阳性表达率高于高分化癌(P<0.05);浆膜浸润及淋巴结转移组的强阳性率高于无浸润及淋巴结转移组(P<0.01);Dukes C-D期的强阳性表达率高于Dukes A-B期(P<0.01).EMM-PRIN和MMP2的表达一致率为91.4%(85/93),Spearman等级相关性检验分析表明大肠癌组织中EMMPRIN的表达和MMP2的表达之间呈正相关(r=0.608,P<0.01).结论:EMMPRIN和MMP-2与大肠癌的发生、浸润、转移有关,可作为新的大肠癌标记物用于联合检测,具有重要的临床意义.     

EMMPRIN、MMP-2、TIMP-2在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及意义

目的探讨细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（EMMPRIN）、明胶酶-A（MMP-2）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMP-2）在子宫内膜异位症（EMs）的表达和意义。方法应用免疫组化二步法检测36例EMs患者的异位内膜、在位内膜及20例非EMs患者的对照正常内膜中的EMMPRIN、MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达情况，并对它们的EMM—PRIN、MMP-2、TIMP-2蛋白表达水平进行相关性分析。结果异位内膜组EMMPRIN、MMP-2阳性表达率明显高于在位内膜组和对照正常内膜组（P〈0．05）；异位内膜组TIMP-2阳性表达率明显低于在位内膜组和对照正常内膜组（P〈0．05）。在异位内膜组中，EMMPRIN和MMP-2呈正相关性（P〈0．01）；MMP-2和TIMP～2呈负相关，但一致性较差（P〉9．05）。结论EMMPRIN、MMP-2和TIMP-2共同参与了子宫内膜异位症的发生；MMP-2在异位内膜的高表达使异位内膜具有更高的侵袭性．在子宫内膜异位痒的病程发展讲程中寺己着重要作用．     

EMMPRIN在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 研究肿瘤转移基因EMMPRIN在非小细胞肺癌癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达及意义.方法 采用RT-PCR检测80例非小细胞肺癌癌组织和40例癌旁正常组织中EMMPRIN的表达.结果 EMMPRIN在肺癌细胞中表达阳性率高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在NSCLC中,EMMPRIN表达随着肿瘤病理分级和TNM分期增加而有增高趋势.EMMPRIN的表达与有淋巴结转移呈正相关（P〈0.05）.结论 EMMPRIN参与了NSCLC的发生发展过程,EMMPRIN的表达可作为判断NSCLC病理分级及转移和预后的指标,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据.