载瘤动脉临时阻断在颅内动脉瘤术中的应用

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤手术中载瘤动脉,临时阻断对手术风险的影响。方法 回顾分析112例颅内动脉瘤患者的手术过程及结果,均采用显微外科技术临时阻断栽瘤动脉,显露动脉瘤颈部,清除颅内血肿并对动脉瘤实行手术夹闭。结果 在112例123个动脉瘤中临时阻断载瘤动脉117个,阻断时间最短1.2min,最长15min,平均8．4min,112例患者中1例后交通动脉瘤因动脉硬化较严重夹闭动脉瘤时出现动脉瘤整体脱落,造成载瘤动脉局部缺损行动脉瘤旷治术,术后出行肢体偏瘫;4例出现小缺血病灶,但无明显的神经功能障碍;1例早期手术患者术后因合并严重血管痉挛致脑梗死死亡。结论 载瘤动脉临时阻断有效降低了动脉瘤内的压力,有利于显露动脉瘤颈,夹闭动脉瘤,短时间阻断栽瘤动脉是安全的。     

球囊辅助夹闭术治疗颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤

目的 探讨球囊辅助夹闭术治疗颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤（LGIAs）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017~2020年在复合手术室行球囊辅助夹闭术治疗的32例LGIAs的临床资料。结果 32例共32个LGIAs,其中大型动脉瘤（直径15~25 mm）22例,巨大型动脉瘤（直径≥25 mm）10例。32例中,23例球囊放置在颈内动脉近心端,9例放置在动脉瘤颈部;11例因术中造影示动脉瘤颈残留而调整动脉瘤夹位置,2例术中造影示载瘤动脉狭窄而调整动脉瘤夹位置,8例扩张球囊后动脉瘤并没有很好的解除压力而反向抽吸血流后成功夹闭;术后即刻造影显示完全或近完全闭塞率是100%。5例术中动脉瘤再破裂,出血量在400 ml以下,没有发生很严重的出血。术后13例出现短期神经功能障碍,6例表现出长期神经功能缺损。出院时GOS评分4~5分14例,1~3分18例。2例失访,2例死亡,剩余28例随访3~25个月（中位数12.5个月）,影像随访显示动脉瘤完全和近完全闭塞27例（96.4%）,1例复发;末次随访,改良Rankin量表评分0~2分23例,3~5分5例。结论 球囊辅助夹闭术治疗LGIAs是一种有效的方式,成功夹闭率高,病死率低,预后良好。     

手术夹闭与介入栓塞治疗对后交通动脉瘤动眼神经麻痹恢复的疗效比较

目的：比较手术夹闭与介入栓塞治疗后交通动脉瘤伴动眼神经麻痹的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年10月至2009年10月后交通动脉瘤伴动眼神经麻痹患者68例的临床资料,其中手术夹闭治疗43例（夹闭组）,介入栓塞治疗25例（栓塞组）。结果治疗后两组患者眼裂均增大,瞳孔缩小,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但夹闭组改善幅度更大,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随访6个月,夹闭组患者动眼神经麻痹完全恢复34例（79.07%）、部分恢复8例（18.60%）、未恢复1例（2.33%）;栓塞组患者完全恢复13例（52.00%）、部分恢复10例（40.00%）、未恢复2例（8.00%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。夹闭组完全恢复时间（30.90±5.47）d,短于栓塞组的（47.83±6.62）d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论手术夹闭治疗后交通动脉瘤伴动眼神经麻痹的临床效果优于介入栓塞治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

Cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischaemic deficit following elective aneurysm clipping

Although common after subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DIND) rarely occur following elective clipping of unruptured aneurysms. The onset of this complication is variable and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. We report two patients with CVS associated with DIND following unruptured aneurysmal clipping. The literature is reviewed and the potential mechanisms in the context of patient presentations are discussed. A woman aged 53 and a man aged 70 were treated with elective clipping of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms, the older patient also having an anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipped. The operations were uncomplicated with no intra-operative bleeding, no retraction, no contusion, no middle cerebral artery (MCA) temporary clipping, and no intra-operative rupture. Routine post-operative CT scan and CT angiogram showed that in both patients the aneurysms were excluded from the circulation and there was no perioperative subarachnoid blood. Both patients had no neurological deficit post-operatively, but on day 2 developed DIND and vasospasm of the MCA. Both patients had angiographic improvement with intra-arterial verapamil treatment. In one patient, this was done promptly and the patient made a complete recovery, but in the other, the diagnosis was delayed for more than 24 hours and the patient had residual hemiparesis and dysphasia due to MCA territory infarction. CVS and DIND following treatment of unruptured aneurysms is a very rare event. However, clinicians should be vigilant as prompt diagnosis and management is required to minimise the risk of cerebral infarction and poor outcome.     

Microsurgical treatment of large and giant paraclinoid carotid aneurysms using a revised endovascular suction decompression technique with Invatec Mo.Ma device

Endovascular retrograde suction decompression (RSD) with balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery is helpful to facilitate clipping large and giant paraclinoid carotid aneurysms. The authors reported a revised endovascular technique without internal carotid access using Mo.Ma device and analyzed its feasibility. In the series, 15 consecutive patients harboring 15 large and giant paraclinoid carotid aneurysms were clipped with assistance of this revised RSD technique. The technical feasibility of the procedure, procedure-related complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcome were evaluated. Technical success was achieved in 14 patients with aneurysm neck clipping and internal carotid artery (ICA) patent. No complication related to this endovascular technique occurred. At follow-up (mean time 15.3 months), the modified Rankin Scale score was excellent in 11 patients, good in two patients and poor in one patient. Their preliminary experience indicates that revised retrograde suction decompression technique with Mo.Ma device seems effective and safe in the surgical treatment of large and giant paraclinoid ICA aneurysms.     

Pericallosal aneurysm: A difficult challenge for microsurgery and endovascular treatment

IntroductionPericallosal artery aneurysms (PAA) represent 2 to 9% of intracranial aneurysms and their management remains difficult.ObjectiveWe aimed to report our experience to evaluate the outcome of patients with ruptured and unruptured PAA, when the treatment modality is decided in a multidisciplinary fashion.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, we included 28 patients (8 men and 20 women) treated for a PAA in our institution between 2002 and 2012, among the 2430 patients who underwent the treatment of an intracranial aneurysm in the same period. Fifteen patients harbored a ruptured aneurysm while 13 benefited from a prophylactic treatment. The mean age at diagnosis was 52 years (range 37 to 75 SD: ±5) in patients with ruptured aneurysm and 54.2 years (range 35 to 66 SD: ±5) in patients with unruptured aneurysm. Endovascular treatment has been performed in 9 patients while 19 patients underwent a microsurgical treatment. Clinical outcome has been assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months. Long-term imaging follow-up included a CT angiography at 36 months for clipped aneurysms and MR angiography at 6, 18 and 36 months for coiled aneurysms.ResultsThe median follow-up was 3.4 years (range 2.8 to 4.2). The mRS was ≤ 2 in all patients with unruptured aneurysms. In patients with ruptured aneurysm, the mRS was ≤ 2 at 3 months in 13 patients (87%). Persistent cognitive disorders were noted in 8 patients with ruptured aneurysm, 2 of them were considered as possibly related to the treatment. Aneurysm recurrence has been depicted in 4 patients (at 6 months in 3 patients and 1 year in 1 patient) requiring further treatment in all cases; all of them had an aneurysm remnant on immediate conventional angiography. No recurrence was noted in patients without remnant on immediate post-treatment angiography.ConclusionBoth endovascular and microsurgical treatment are challenged in this location. Multidisciplinary discussion is essential to optimize the management of patients with PAA.     

Management of 350 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages in 22 Italian neurosurgical centers

OBJECTIVE: To collect information on clinical practice and current management strategies in 22 Italian neurosurgical hospitals for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational 6-month study for prospective data collection. PATIENTS: 350 cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Each center enrolled from 4-36 patients. Neurological deterioration (24%) was more frequent in patients with higher Fisher classification, and with pretreatment rebleeding and it was associated with an unfavorable outcome (46%, 36/78, vs. 33%, 83/251). Aneurysms were mainly secured by clipping (55%, 191/350). An endovascular approach was utilized in 35% (121/350). The more frequent medical complications were fever, recorded in one-half of cases, pneumonia (18%), sodium disturbances (hyponatremia 22%, hypernatremia 17%), cardiopulmonary events as neurogenic pulmonary edema (4%) and myocardial ischemia (5%). Intracranial hypertension was experienced in one-third of the patients, followed by hydrocephalus (29%) and vasospasm (30%). Cerebral ischemia was found in an about one-quarter of the cohort. To identify the independent predictors of outcome we developed a model in which the dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale was tested as function of extracranial and intracranial complications. Only high intracranial pressure and deterioration in neurological status were independent factors related to unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that in every step of care there is extreme heterogeneity among centers. These patients are complex, with comorbidities, immediate risk of rebleeding, and delayed risk of intracranial and medical complications. Following SAH early treatment and careful intensive care management requires the careful coordination of the various clinical specialties.     

非优势A1侧翼点入路夹闭破裂前交通动脉瘤的临床研究

目的比较非优势A1侧翼点开颅与优势A1侧翼点开颅夹闭破裂前交通动脉瘤的效果,并探讨其相关适应证。 方法回顾性分析江西省人民医院神经外科自2013年9月至2019年9月存在优势A1现象的58例破裂前交通动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中32例采用非优势A1侧翼点开颅,为非优势A1侧组;26例采用优势A1侧翼点开颅,为优势A1侧组;比较2组患者的显微镜下操作时间,夹闭方式（简单夹闭、复杂夹闭）,术后3个月及1年的动脉瘤残留或复发情况,术后1年GOS评分等指标。 结果非优势A1侧组简单夹闭25例,复杂夹闭7例;优势A1侧组简单夹闭12例,复杂夹闭14例,2组比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.148,P=0.022）。非优势A1侧组的显微镜下操作时间为（1.57±0.32）h,术后3个月动脉瘤残留或复发有2例（6.25%）、3例（9.38%）,术后1年预后良好率为90.63%;优势A1侧组的显微镜下操作时间为（1.63±0.37）h,术后3个月动脉瘤残留或复发有2例（7.69%）、2例（7.69%）,术后1年预后良好率为92.31%;2组比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论采用非优势A1侧翼点开颅夹闭前交通动脉瘤能够易化动脉瘤颈显露过程并简化夹闭方式,但需严格把握手术指征。     

应用3D-CTA和颅骨三维重建术精确夹闭大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤

目的探讨应用3D-CTA和颅骨三维重建技术精确定位外侧裂开放位置及入路角度,夹闭大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤。方法回顾性分析23例大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女13例,平均年龄52岁。术前均行3D-CTA和颅骨三维重建,将蝶骨嵴向颅中窝转折处作为骨性标记,参照该骨性标记确定动脉瘤位置,确定开放外侧裂位置及入路方向,进行分离外侧裂夹闭动脉瘤。结果 23例大脑中动脉瘤患者,在开放外侧裂长度1.5~2.0 cm,以45度方向,分离外侧裂深度大约1.5 cm处顺利暴露动脉瘤、M1分叉部及M1末端,均被顺利夹闭,术后有复查头颅CTA,动脉瘤均消失,载瘤动脉通畅,术后1个月随访,患者GOS评分均在4分以上。结论应用3D-CTA和颅骨三维重建技术,精确定位外侧裂开放位置及入路的角度,可以小范围开放外侧裂夹闭大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤,获得良好效果。