A review of perinatal acute pain: treating perinatal pain to reduce adult chronic pain

Changes in neural connections and activity after an acute insult are hypothesised to contribute to chronic pain syndromes in mature experimental animals and humans. Over the last decade, studies have suggested that exposure to repeated painful procedures during the early perinatal period results in profound changes in sensitivity of nociceptive pathways. Both animal and human studies show that early pain experiences increase pain responses beyond the period of infancy. These data suggest a need to increase implementation of guidelines for minimising pain exposures during infancy. In addition, an experimental perinatal pain model may provide a unique opportunity to study the effects on the nervous system of both painful insults and pre–emptive analgesia.     

七氟醚麻醉与异丙酚复合麻醉在小儿包皮环切术中的应用

目的：比较七氟醚麻醉与异丙酚复合麻醉在小儿包皮环切术中的应用。方法40例行包皮环切术的患儿,随机分为七氟醚组(Ⅰ组)和异丙酚组(Ⅱ组),各20例。Ⅰ组静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg,吸入6%七氟醚4 L/min完成诱导插入喉罩,吸入2%~3.5%七氟醚维持麻醉;Ⅱ组静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg,异丙酚3 mg/kg完成诱导插入喉罩,术中静脉输注异丙酚3~8 mg/(kg·h)复合瑞芬太尼0.1~0.4μg/(kg·min)调节其输注速度维持麻醉。记录两组一次喉罩置入成功率、手术时间、拔管时间、麻醉后恢复室(PACU)停留时间、术后恶心呕吐发生率、PACU期间记录躁动发生情况,采用小儿苏醒期烦躁量表(PAED)评价躁动程度。结果两组手术时间、拔管时间及一次插管成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组患儿麻醉后恢复室(PACU)停留时间短,躁动发生率低, PAED评分低,术后恶心呕吐发生率低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论异丙酚复合麻醉对包皮环切术患儿苏醒期效果优于七氟醚复合麻醉,并发症少。     

Dangerous to mix: culture and politics in a traditional circumcision in South Africa

BackgroundTraditional circumcision (initiation) is an integral part of the Xhosa speaking communities. Circumcision is the first step towards manhood. It involves a number of cultural, religious, legal and ethical issues, which in terms of the constitution of the Republic of South Africa, are rights that must be protected.ObjectiveTo highlight the problem of circumcision related death in South Africa.ConclusionThere are unacceptable deaths related with circumcision in South Africa. The right to life cannot be sacrificed at the altar of culture and politics.