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1.
目的 分析四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓水平及相关影响因素,为四川省癌症防治提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,招募20101名四川省常住居民为研究对象,采用卡方检验比较不同特征研究对象癌症防治核心知识知晓情况的差异,并采用多元线性回归模型分析居民癌症防治核心知识知晓情况的相关因素。结果 20101名研究对象中,应答条目数共计442222条,其中知晓的条目数305934条,总体知晓率为69.18%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(β=1.097,t=12.774,P<0.001)、肿瘤筛查或防癌体检(β=0.663,t=12.530,P<0.001)、文化程度(β=2.117,t=22.604,P<0.001)、家庭人均月收入(β=0.525,t=8.879,P<0.001)、肿瘤家族史(β=-0.591,t=-9.832,P<0.001)、职业(β=-1.301,t=-12.538,P<0.001)是影响居民知晓率的因素。结论 四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率呈逐年上升趋势,在全国处于中等水平,居民对于癌症防治核心知识知晓情况存在“重医轻防”现象。  相似文献   
2.
目的了解2020年上海市普陀区60?69岁居民新冠肺炎防控知识与行为现状,为提升老年人新冠肺炎的防控知识及健康素养水平提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法(PPS法)和KISH表法相结合,利用2020年《上海市居民健康素养监测调查问卷》第五部分的新冠肺炎疫情相关题目,对821名60?69岁的居民进行调查分析。结果“哪些人容易感染新冠病毒”(48.72%)、“新冠病毒可通过哪些途径造成人与人之间的传染”(23.75%)、“新冠肺炎疫情期间,为避免感染新冠病毒,个人应采取的防护措施”(47.87%)、“一次性使用医用口罩的正确佩戴方法”(39.34%)、“哪些人是新冠肺炎的传染源”(35.93%)的知晓率均低于50%。获取新冠肺炎相关知识宣传的主要途径是电视(96.32%)、微信(69.06%)、社区宣传(66.26%)。在新冠肺炎疫情期间采取的主要行为依次是主动上网搜索疾病预防知识(70.28%)、上网查询居住地附近疫情(57.00%)、电话或现场咨询社区医生(32.40%)。结论上海市普陀区60?69岁居民新冠肺炎防控知识的知晓率较低,应针对其年龄特点,充分利用电视、网络和社区等健康教育宣传途径,促进老年人形成健康的生活方式,提高其健康素养水平。  相似文献   
3.
背景 目前我国甲状腺结节的患病率为20%~76%,已成为内分泌系统的第二大疾病。早发现、早诊断、早治疗是防治甲状腺肿瘤的有效措施,全科医生在其中发挥着重大作用。但是,社区卫生服务中心对甲状腺疾病的管理还存在许多不足之处。目的 了解上海市浦东新区全科医生对甲状腺结节及分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)相关知识的了解情况,发现不足之处并提出改进方法,以期推进甲状腺疾病分级诊疗。方法 于2017-12-20至2018-01-10,依据上海市浦东新区的城乡划分,即城镇地区、城郊结合地区、郊区,使用计算机在各区随机整群抽取3家社区卫生服务中心的全部全科医生为调查对象,采用问卷星形式进行调查,调查内容包括一般资料、甲状腺结节的良恶性评估、甲状腺结节术前及术后管理、DTC术后促甲状腺激素(TSH)抑制治疗和管理及全科医生甲状腺疾病管理能力自我评估。结果 本研究共发放问卷309份,回收307份,有效回收率为99.4%。在全科医生对甲状腺结节良恶性的评估方法的了解情况评估中,对电子计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像及2-氟-2-脱氧D-葡萄糖正电子发射断层显像术,TSH,甲状腺球蛋白的了解程度,不同职称和学历全科医生之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职称全科医生对血清降钙素的了解程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在全科医生对甲状腺结节术前及术后管理的了解情况评估中,不同职称全科医生对甲状腺结节术前随访时间、细针穿刺抽吸活检适应证和术后TSH抑制治疗、左甲状腺素替代治疗的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同学历全科医生对甲状腺结节术前随访时间、131I治疗的适应证和禁忌证的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在全科医生对DTC术后TSH抑制治疗和管理的了解情况评估中,不同职称全科医生对术后首选L-T4口服制剂、L-T4服用方法、L-T4剂量调整、TSH水平监测的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同学历全科医生对L-T4剂量调整、心脏监测的了解程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全科医生对甲状腺结节良恶性评估方法的了解情况得分为(19.1±6.9)分、对甲状腺结节术前与术后管理的了解情况得分为(14.0±7.2)分和对DTC术后TSH抑制治疗和管理的了解情况得分为(13.7±8.4)分,不同学历、职称全科医生对这3部分相关知识的了解情况得分以及总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且不同职称、学历全科医生对甲状腺疾病管理能力自我评估比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 上海市浦东新区全科医生对甲状腺结节及DTC相关知识的了解较为欠缺,尤其是对甲状腺结节患者的术前转诊随访及术后治疗管理、DTC患者术后TSH抑制治疗和管理的了解,且自我评估对甲状腺疾病的管理能力缺乏信心,需要加强学习和临床培训。  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

Kenyan gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are significantly affected by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical approach to HIV prevention. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 459 HIV-negative Kenyan GBMSM to assess individual and interpersonal correlates of PrEP awareness/acceptability using univariate and hierarchical logistic regression modeling. We found that 64.3% of participants had heard of PrEP and 44.9% were willing to use PrEP. In hierarchical logistic regression models for PrEP awareness, condom use with regular partners, higher condom use self-efficacy, higher perceived ability to use PrEP, history of STI, and membership in LGBT organization were significantly associated with being aware of PrEP (χ2?=?69.6, p?<?.001). In hierarchical logistic regression models for PrEP acceptability, higher self-esteem, higher condom use self-efficacy, depression/anxiety, higher perceived ability to use PrEP, willingness to engage in PrEP follow-up visits, coercion at sexual debut, and family exclusion were significantly associated with being acceptable to PrEP (χ2?=?231.8, p?<?.001). Individual and interpersonal factors were significantly associated with PrEP awareness and acceptability. Our findings underscore the need to promote awareness and understanding of PrEP as an effective HIV prevention tool in combination with other safer-sex methods that are appropriate given an individual’s personal circumstances.  相似文献   
5.
AimTo examine simulation-based education (SBE) strategies on situation awareness (SA) in nursing students including the strategies of SBE, the measurement tools of SA during SBE and the effectiveness of SBE on SA.BackgroundSA has been reported as an effective way to identify and manage deteriorating patients. Researchers have suggested that SBE is more effective than other instructional modalities in improving SA. However, SA among nursing students and studies regarding the effectiveness of SBE on SA are limited.DesignThe Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used to guide the review process and the PRISMA-ScR checklist was used to report on this scoping review.MethodsThe databases searched were Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCO and Google Scholar from December 2020 to November 2021. Thematic analysis was applied to identify the main findings in the literature.ResultsNine eligible articles were included. Five major themes were identified: SBE situations used to teach SA to nursing students, SBE strategies to improve SA in nursing, effectiveness of SBE on SA in nursing, measurements of SA used during the SBE and experimental studies examining the effectiveness of SBE on SA.ConclusionThis review reveals that SBE may be useful to cultivate SA in nursing students. Future studies that use randomized clinical trials to test the effects of combining different simulation strategies on SA are suggested. Developing more reliable and valid SA global assessment queries and standardizing the query process of SA measurement is also recommended.  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the type and percentage of referral situations, risk factors, associated syndromes, and parental awareness of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children who visited the Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre in Cairo, specialized in ASD diagnosis and management.MethodsThe study included 530 children who were diagnosed with ASD. For those, full medical history, clinical examination, severity evaluation, and testing the language and cognitive development were performed. The process of diagnosis and assessment of parents’ awareness and knowledge about ASD was investigated using questionnaires.ResultsThe clinic was mainly visited by self-referral. About half of the participants (51.4 %) had previously visited other doctors (1–5 physicians) who were mostly pediatricians. The parents’ awareness was mostly limited to the term “autism”, but not the nature of ASD. Caesarean section was the most common risk factor (57.4 %), followed by jaundice (30.1 %). The most common presenting symptoms were language (81.5 %) and social (60.4 %) deficits. ASD severity was found to be high in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe risk factors and associated syndromes in the Egyptian population studied were similar to those reported in previous studies performed in other populations, but their percentage was different. Perinatal problems were the most common risk factors, which may relate to the influence of gene-environmental interaction on the factors which could play a role in developing ASD or increasing its severity. The process of ASD diagnosis was commonly delayed among the participants. Increasing awareness and knowledge among health care professionals and parents is urgently needed to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention services, which will lead to improvement of the developmental outcomes for ASD children. The associated syndromes could be the driving force to seek medical advice and could influence the ASD severity.  相似文献   
7.
8.
IntroductionBurns are one of the major health issues that considerably affect variable groups of the population, varying in age and severity. Despite advances in burn surgical and non-surgical treatments, patient's appearance still represents public health issue. In regards to surgical treatment of burns, skin grafting is still considered the gold standard. One of the major burdens in the burn surgical treatments is the availability of the skin for grafting. As for the non-surgical treatment different modalities of skin dressings or substitutes are still available as an option.MethodsA validated questionnaire based study was utilized to acquire assessment of the overall general population knowledge, awareness and attitude toward skin donation. In addition, it surveyed community personal willingness to donate their skin to a skin bank after being deceased, to help solve skin shortages due to the lack of skin banks in Saudi Arabia.ResultsA total of 698 individuals completed the questionnaire over the period of 5 months, from February 2018 till June 2018. Married, postgraduate females, with a history of burn in close family members or similar individuals showed a positive attitude toward skin donation. However, 22% of the participants did not agree to donate their skin due to religious reasons.ConclusionThe study concluded that the majority of participants were willing to donate their skin, and they were aware of the concept of skin donation and its crucial importance in surgical burn management. The current study showed the majority of participants were aware of skin donation and skin use for burn treatment, in addition to having positive attitude toward skin donation. Men were more aware than the women of skin donation. Religious concern was a major reason for participants’ skin donation refusal, an issue that can be addressed by contacting Islamic scholars to issue a Fatwa approving the cause.  相似文献   
9.
目的 描述中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)队列的10个地区人群中高血压的患病、知晓、治疗和控制现状及其地区差异。方法 CKB项目于2004-2008年在10个项目地区募集512891名30~79岁队列成员并完成基线调查。本研究利用CKB项目的基线信息,比较对年龄和/或性别进行调整后高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率及其控制情况的地区差异。结果 10个项目地区中,高血压患者共180621人(35.2%),其中浙江项目地区患病率最高(44.4%),海口项目地区患病率最低(22.0%)。农村地区人群患病率(35.1%)高于城市(32.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在高血压人群中,知晓率为33.1%(59703/180621),治疗率为36.1%(65172/180621),控制率为12.4%(22329/180621),服用降压药物的人群中控制率为30.5%(19884/65172),其中苏州项目地区的男性控制率(17.4%)和服药控制率(39.1%)高于其他地区,柳州项目地区的女性控制率(23.5%)和服药控制率(42.6%)高于其他地区。结论 CKB项目10个地区人群中高血压患病率较高,知晓率、治疗率和控制率偏低,研究人群的高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制情况存在明显地区差异。  相似文献   
10.
目的:调查贵阳社区60岁以上老年人对老年痴呆症的知晓情况及影响因素。方法用“PPS”随机抽样方法获取调查对象,采用“问卷调查表”逐一面对面调查,通过秩和检验比较不同因素对老年痴呆症的主观认知、客观认知及对出现老年痴呆症症状后就医的态度等方面构成比的差异。结果主观认知方面:高龄、受教育水平低、有宗教信仰者及少数民族对老年痴呆症的知晓度低,不同性别对老年痴呆症的认知无统计学差异;客观认知方面:不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、有无宗教信仰及不同民族在老年痴呆症的客观认知上均无统计学差异;在就医的态度方面上述因素均无影响;在治疗的依从性方面,少数民族对治疗的依从性差,其他均无统计学差异。结论贵阳社区老年人对老年痴呆症的认知情况较差,需加强老年痴呆症科普知识的宣教,提高社区老年人对老年痴呆症的认识,便于更好地开展防治工作。  相似文献   
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