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目的 社区医护人员对房颤抗凝相关知识掌握情况,分析了影响房颤抗凝的主要问题,为进一步加强规范化抗凝质量管理提供理论依据。方法 本研究为多中心横断面调查,2022 年1月,采用方便抽样的方法,选取浦东新区心房颤动 (专病) 联盟范围内的47家社区卫生服务中心医护人员,于当日对医护人员进行调查。本研究应用自制问卷,调查形式为通过问卷星进行线上数据收集。问卷由5名心律失常专家和2名心血管内科护士长基于文献研究和对医护人员进行心房颤动抗凝相关内容半结构化访谈的基础上制定,问卷内容主要包括问卷内容包括医护人员对房颤患者缺血性脑卒中抗凝的风险评估、抗凝药物 (维生素拮抗剂和非维生素拮抗剂) 相关因素的影响、抗凝并发症的观察和处理、抗凝监测的维度。采用EpiData3.1软件对数据进行统计学处理,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 本研究共发放问卷有效问卷538份,对抗凝管理相关知识评分 (13.36 ± 2.47) 分,合格率为51.3%。调查显示,85% 以上的掌握率为: CHA2DS2-VASC 评分、HAS-BLED 评分、维生素 K 拮抗剂药代动力学特点、不良反应观察部位。掌握率低于50% 的分别是达比加群酯肌酐清除率的选择、NOAC治疗患者出血类型、NOAC轻微出血处理、NOAC非危及生命的大出血处理、NOAC危及生命或关键部位出血。 单因素分析结果显示,专业、职称、学历、工作年限、参加相关培训、房颤患者照顾者对房颤抗凝知识掌握水平差异均有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,专业、职称、学历、工作年限、参加相关培训是社区医护人员房颤抗凝知识掌握情况的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 社区医护人员对房颤抗凝知识掌握情况欠缺,需要对房颤患者缺血性脑卒中抗凝的风险评估、抗凝药物 (维生素拮抗剂和非维生素拮抗剂) 相关因素的影响、抗凝并发症的观察和处理、抗凝监测的维度相关知识的培训。  相似文献   
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This research study was designed to evaluate the aesthetic consequences of different dorsal augmentation techniques using diced cartilage on dorsal width and projection in rhinoplasty. Patients were assigned to three groups based on the dorsal augmentation technique used: diced cartilage wrapped in fascia (DCIF), free diced cartilage under fascia (DCUF), and free diced cartilage without fascia (FDC). Dorsal projection and dorsal aesthetic width were measured at two levels using pre- and postoperative photographs. A total of 98 patients were included in the study. DCIF was used in 51 patients, FDC in 27 patients, and DCUF in 20 patients. There was no significant difference in nasion projection, rhinion projection, or width of the dorsal aesthetic lines at the intercanthal and keystone levels among these groups. Significantly greater nasion and rhinion projection was observed with DCIF in thin-skinned patients followed-up for 6–12 months (nasion, P = 0.028; rhinion P = 0.039) but not at>12 months. Two patients with a graft infection and one with graft malposition were encountered in the DCIF group. Experience from this study suggests that the application of FDC prevents such complications without sacrificing the dorsal augmentation and that DCIF is a better choice for more severe deformities.  相似文献   
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Patients with severe COVID-19 often experience complications including coagulopathy and fatal thrombosis. COVID-19 pneumonia sometimes leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), during which thrombosis and bleeding are major causes of death. Anticoagulation such as heparin is essential for COVID-19 patients on ECMO; however, bleeding might be caused by not only heparin, but also acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). To date, no study has examined ECMO-related bleeding and AVWS in COVID-19 patients.We report a COVID-19 patient who experienced bleeding from AVWS in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during ECMO. The level of high–molecular weight VWF multimers decreased during ECMO therapy, and these findings promptly improved after discontinuation of ECMO. Plasma levels of VWF antigen were extremely high, probably due to endothelial cell damage caused by COVID-19. On the other hand, plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity were moderately reduced, to 20–30% of normal. The patient was successfully treated with cryoprecipitate in bleeding during ECMO without a reduction in heparin, which might have induced thromboembolism. Bleeding found in this patient might be caused by AVWS and DIC.Severe COVID-19 patients are in a thrombotic state and need to receive anticoagulant therapy. However, once they receive ECMO therapy, bleeding symptoms could be observed. In such cases, physicians should think of AVWS in addition to the side effect of heparin and DIC.  相似文献   
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As we continue to fight against the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare professionals across the globe are trying to answer questions surrounding how to best help patients with the up-to-date available science while awaiting the development of new therapies and mass vaccination. Since early in the pandemic, studies indicated a heightened risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 infected patients. There have been differing expert opinions about how to assess pretest probability of VTE in this patient population. This has been partly due to the high prevalence of respiratory failure in this patient population and the use of D-dimer as a prognostic test which is also frequently elevated in patients with COVID-19 in absence of VTE. Some experts have argued for an approach similar to usual care with testing if clinical suspicion is high enough. Some have argued for more routine screening at different points of care. Others have even suggested empiric therapeutic anti-coagulation in moderate to severely ill COVID-19 patients. In the following article, we review and summarize the most current literature in hopes of assisting clinicians in decision making and guidance for when to be concerned for VTE in COVID-19 patients. We also discuss research gaps and share pathways currently being used within our institution.  相似文献   
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总结1例体外膜肺氧合、连续性肾脏替代治疗及植入式左心室辅助装置联合治疗心力衰竭患者的术后抗凝护理实践。护理要点:预先评估患者抗凝风险,采用多学科团队照护模式,按需组建抗凝护理团队;分阶段制订抗凝目标,动态调整抗凝策略;严密监测凝血功能,警惕迟发性出血;实施目标血压管理,关注组织灌注;医护协同评估,及时调整泵流速度;医护患决策共享,强化健康教育。该患者经过精心治理与护理,术后第59天康复出院。  相似文献   
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