重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿接受早期持续气道正压通气治疗对血气指标及预后的影响

目的分析重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿接受早期持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对血气指标及预后的影响。方法选取2019年2月至2020年6月本院收治的110例重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿,按照组间基本资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组与实验组,各55例。对照组接受常规方案治疗,实验组接受早期持续CPAP治疗,比较两组血气指标改善情况以及患儿预后。结果治疗后,两组PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂均显著改善,且实验组改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组临床病死率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用早期持续CPAP治疗重症肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿效果显著,能明显改善血气指标和预后,具有临床推广价值。     

开放气道式卧位在无创通气治疗呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的探讨开放气道式卧位在无创机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年6月1日—2019年5月31日本院重症医学科收治的113例应用无创呼吸机进行正压通气的呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,按入院先后次序交替分为常规组(57例)和实验组(56例),常规组给予常规无创通气护理,实验组在常规无创通气护理的基础上予肩颈下置弧型小枕的开放气道式卧位;观察并比较干预前后两组患者通气效果(血氧饱和度、血氧分压、二氧化碳分压、血pH、吸入潮气量、呼出潮气量、漏气量、气道峰压)、耐受及不良反应情况(平均睡眠时间、插管率、压疮及压痕发生率、胃肠胀气发生率、主观舒适度)、责任护士的工作量。结果干预后,两组通气效果各项指标均较干预前有一定程度改善,并且除血氧饱和度、氧分压之外,实验组的改善效果优于常规组(P<0.05);实验组平均睡眠时间高于常规组,且有创通气率及胃肠胀气发生率均低于常规组(P<0.05);实验组责任护士工作量较常规组少(P<0.05)。结论应用弧型小枕置患者肩颈下的开放气道式卧位能显著改善患者的通气效果,延长患者的睡眠时间,减少不良反应,降低护士的工作量。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中临床价值

目的观察适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中的临床价值。方法选取自2016年1月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的121例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。所有患者均接受呼吸机治疗,根据机械通气模式不同,将患者分入A组(同步间歇指令通气,n=60)和B组(适应性支持通气,n=61)。比较两组患者的呼吸动力学相关指标(呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压、第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性),呼吸机撤机时间和撤机成功率,不同时间点(通气前、通气2 h、拔管前)血气分析值(pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压)。结果 B组患者呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压均低于A组,第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性均高于A组。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者呼吸机撤机时间短于A组,撤机成功率高于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者通气前、通气2 h、拔管前的pH值、氧分压呈逐渐上升趋势,二氧化碳分压呈逐渐下降趋势;本组3个时间点的pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中采用适应性支持通气模式,可促进患者自主呼吸功能恢复,减少通气时间,提高撤机成功率,安全性较好。     

慢性呼吸衰竭并肺性脑病早期药物治疗的临床观察研究

目的探析早期药物治疗慢性呼吸衰竭(CRF)伴肺性脑病的临床效果。方法通过双盲法分组标准将本院2018年4月至2019年4月接收的88例CRF伴肺性脑病患者分为两组,对照组(n=44)给予常规治疗,试验组(n=44)给予早期药物治疗。比较两组治疗效果、血气分析指标和日常生活质量。结果试验组总疗效为95.45%,对照组总疗效为79.55%,两组总疗效对比差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.0909,P <0.05);对照组治疗后的PaO_2为(73.14±8.79)mm Hg,PCO_2为(50.23±7.56)mm Hg,与试验组的(91.40±8.59)mm Hg、(41.05±7.42)mm Hg对比差异有统计学价值(t=9.8552,P <0.05;t=5.7485,P <0.05);对照组治疗后的日常生活质量指标均低于试验组,P <0.05,有明显统计学意义。结论早期药物治疗CRF伴肺性脑病效果确切,既能有效改善症状,控制病情进展,又可提高患者的日常生活质量,值得临床推广。     

通腑法联合盐酸纳洛酮治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴呼吸衰竭的效果及对炎性因子的影响

目的:研究通腑法联合盐酸纳洛酮治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴呼吸衰竭的效果及对炎性因子的影响。方法:选取120例COPD伴呼吸衰竭患者,分为参与组和联合组,各60例。参与组采用常规治疗,联合组采用通腑法联合盐酸纳洛酮治疗,治疗1个月后观察疗效。结果:联合组并发症发生率(3.33%)低于参与组(16.67%),联合组临床症状缓解时间[(2.32±0.41)d]短于参与组[(4.36±0.52)d],联合组二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、氧分压(PaO_2)、呼吸流量峰值(PEF)、第1秒用力肺活量(FEV_1)等肺功能指标均高于参与组,治疗后,联合组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-a)、降钙素原(PCT)水平低于参与组和治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通腑法联合盐酸纳洛酮治疗COPD伴呼吸衰竭的临床效果显著,具有较高临床推广价值。