DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the "plus and minus" method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage varphiX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.  

病毒性肝炎防治方案

西安病毒性肝炎（包括甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型和戊型）是法定乙类传染病，具有传染性较强、传播途径复杂、流行面广泛、发病率高等特点；部分乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎患者可演变成慢性，并可发展为肝硬化和原发性肝细胞癌，对人民健康危害甚大。防治病毒性肝炎要贯彻预防为主的方针，加强领导，深入宣传，发动群众，搞好爱国卫生运动，采取综合性防治措施。对甲型和戊型肝炎以切断粪-口传播途径为主；对乙型和丁型肝炎以接种乙型肝炎疫苗为主；丙型肝炎则以控制肠道外（如经血）传播途径为主。要力争早发现、早诊断、早隔离、早报告、早治疗和…  

病毒性肝炎防治方案

中华医学会传染病与寄生虫病学分会、肝病学分会联合修订　2000年9月西安　　病毒性肝炎(包括甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型和戊型)是法定乙类传染病,具有传染性较强、传播途径复杂、流行面广泛、发病率高等特点;部分乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎患者可演变成慢性,并可发展为肝硬化和原发性肝细胞癌,对人民健康危害甚大。　　防治病毒性肝炎要贯彻预防为主的方针,加强领导,深入宣传,发动群众,搞好爱国卫生运动,采取综合性防治措施。对甲型和戊型肝炎以切断粪-口传播途径为主;对乙型和丁型肝炎以接种乙型肝炎疫苗为主;丙型肝炎则以控制肠道外(如经血)传播…  

慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南

[前言 ]慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (ＣＯＰＤ)由于其患病人数多 ,死亡率高 ,社会经济负担重 ,已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。在世界 ,ＣＯＰＤ居当前死亡原因的第四位。根据世界银行/世界卫生组织发表的研究 ,至2 0 2 0年ＣＯＰＤ将成为世界疾病经济负担的第五位。在我国 ,ＣＯＰＤ同样是严重危害人民群体健康的重要慢性呼吸系统疾病 ,近来对我国北部及中部地区农村 1 0 2 2 3 0成年人群调查 ,ＣＯＰＤ约占 1 5岁以上人口的 3 % ,患病率之高是十分惊人的。为了促使对ＣＯＰＤ这一疾病的关注 ,降低ＣＯＰＤ的患病率和病死率 ,继欧、美等各国制定ＣＯ…  

Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose.

A simple and rapid method for transferring RNA from agarose gels to nitrocellulose paper for blot hybridization has been developed. Poly(A)+ and ribosomal RNAs transfer efficiently to nitrocellulose paper in high salt (3 M NaCl/0.3 M trisodium citrate) after denaturation with glyoxal and 50% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide. RNA also binds to nitrocellulose after treatment with methylmercuric hydroxide. The method is sensitive: about 50 pg of specific mRNA per band is readily detectable after hybridization with high specific activity probes (10(8) cpm/microgram). The RNA is stably bound to the nitrocellulose paper by this procedure, allowing removal of the hybridized probes and rehybridization of the RNA blots without loss of sensitivity. The use of nitrocellulose paper for the analysis of RNA by blot hybridization has several advantages over the use of activated paper (diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper). The method is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and sensitive. In addition, denaturation of DNA with glyoxal and dimethyl sulfoxide promotes transfer and retention of small DNAs (100 nucleotides and larger) to nitrocellulose paper. A related method is also described for dotting RNA and DNA directly onto nitrocellulose paper treated with a high concentration of salt; under these conditions denatured DNA of less than 200 nucleotides is retained and hybridizes efficiently.  

血脂异常防治建议

血脂异常防治建议本刊编辑委员会血脂异常防治对策专题组（按姓氏笔划排序）方圻王钟林宁田海邵耕陈在嘉陆宗良李健斋林传骧周北凡诸骏仁诸永康陶萍陶寿淇龚兰生顾复生游凯戴玉华引言心血管疾病在我国居于死亡原因的第一或第二位，其中冠心病的发病与死亡率在某些地区正在...  

A new method for sequencing DNA.

DNA can be sequenced by a chemical procedure that breaks a terminally labeled DNA molecule partially at each repetition of a base. The lengths of the labeled fragments then identify the positions of that base. We describe reactions that cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines, at cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosines alone. When the products of these four reactions are resolved by size, by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel, the DNA sequence can be read from the pattern of radioactive bands. The technique will permit sequencing of at least 100 bases from the point of labeling.  

Purification of Biologically Active Globin Messenger RNA by Chromatography on Oligothymidylic acid-Cellulose

A convenient technique for the partial purification of large quantities of functional, poly(adenylic acid)-rich mRNA is described. The method depends upon annealing poly(adenylic acid)-rich mRNA to oligothymidylic acid-cellulose columns and its elution with buffers of low ionic strength. Biologically active rabbit globin mRNA has been purified by this procedure and assayed for its ability to direct the synthesis of rabbit globin in a cell-free extract of ascites tumor. Inasmuch as various mammalian mRNAs appear to be rich in poly(adenylic acid) and can likely be translated in the ascites cell-free extract, this approach should prove generally useful as an initial step in the isolation of specific mRNAs.  

急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南

前言　　近 2 0年来 ,急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ)的诊断和治疗取得了长足进展。为了总结这些经验 ,指导临床实践 ,中华医学会心血管病学分会、中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会和中国循环杂志编辑委员会 ,依据大量基于循证医学的临床试验结果 ,参考美国心脏病学院和美国心脏协会 (ＡＣＣ/ＡＨＡ) 1999年修订的ＡＭＩ治疗指南 ,并结合我国具体情况 ,制订了急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南。本指南中对ＡＭＩ的分类 ,根据临床实用的原则分为ＳＴ段抬高和非ＳＴ段抬高两类。现有资料表明 ,这两类之间在病理上有所不同 ,应采用不同的治疗方法。为了便于读者了…  

检测人群胰岛素敏感性的一项新指数

引入一个新的胰岛素敏感性指数－－空腹血浆胰岛素与血糖乘积的倒数。该指数经美国两个种族共３２０例研究的材料证实与胰岛素钳技术测定的胰岛素敏感性指数胰岛素介导的葡萄糖代谢率（Ｍ）高度显著相关（ｒ＞０．７，Ｐ＝０．０００１）。以这一新指数分析８７４命名 国人（正常人２０１例，ＩＧＴ３０７例，新诊断ＤＭ ３６６例）的胰岛素敏感性结果与用Ｃｌａｍｐ技术测定的美国人的胰岛素敏感性极为相似：假定正常糖耐量组的胰