临床神经电生理学专业的现状及思考

目的：调查河南省中华医学会临床神经电生理专科学会的现状及存在问题。探讨解决存在问题的措施。方法：采用分层抽样与整体抽样对84个医疗单位242人进行信访调查，并对资料完整的225人（92．97％）进行分析。结果：男60人，女165人。年龄平均32．8岁。本科学历15．6％，无学历6．6％。高级职称9．3％，无职称5．4％。已专业培训49．3％，未专业培训50．7％。结论：我省临床神经电生理专业发展迅速，但技术人员新，学历、职称偏低，且49．3％的人员未经正规专业培训，人才出现断层，发展后劲不足。因此，采取技术人员许可证制度——执证上岗，有计划的培养高素质的技术人员是当务之急。     

Sleep-wake rhythm in an irregular shift system

Sleep in shift work has been studied extensively in regular shift systems but to a lesser degree in irregular shifts. Our main aim was to examine the sleep-wake rhythm in shift combinations ending with the night or the morning shift in two irregular shift systems. Three weeks' sleep/work shift diary data, collected from 126 randomly selected train drivers and 104 traffic controllers, were used in statistical analyses including a linear mixed model and a generalized linear model for repeated measurements. The results showed that the sleep-wake rhythm was significantly affected by the shift combinations. The main sleep period before the first night shift shortened by about 2 h when the morning shift immediately preceded the night shift as compared with the combination containing at least 36 h of free time before the night shift (reference combination). The main sleep period before the night shift was most curtailed between two night shifts, on average by 2.9 and 3.5 h among the drivers and the controllers, respectively, as compared with the reference combination. Afternoon napping increased when the morning or the day shift immediately preceded the night shift, the odds being 4.35-4.84 in comparison with the reference combination. The main sleep period before the morning shift became 0.5 h shorter when the evening shift preceded the morning shift in comparison with the sleep period after a free day. The risk for dozing off during the shift was associated only with the shift length, increasing by 17 and 35% for each working hour in the morning and the night shift, respectively. The results demonstrate advantageous and disadvantageous shift combinations in relation to sleep and make it possible to improve the ergonomy of irregular shift systems.     

浮针治疗梨状肌综合征的疗效观察

目的:观察浮针在梨状肌综合征的临床应用效果。方法:本研究回顾性分析2017年7月1日—2018年6月30日宁波市中医院80例急性发病的梨状肌综合征患者,其中40例对照组患者采用常规药物及物理治疗,40例观察组患者在上述基础上以解剖列车理论为指导进行浮针治疗。两组患者均完成了随访。比较两组治疗后疼痛(VAS评分)、患髋关节Harris评分、患者满意度。结果:治疗前两组患者一般资料、疼痛VAS评分、患髋关节Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者疼痛VAS评分均较治疗前下降,观察组患者疼痛(VAS)评分治疗后24 h(6.5±0.5)分、7 d(3.4±0.5)分、14 d(2.1±0.3)分,较对照组术后24 h(7.9±0.6)分、7 d(5.2±0.5)分、14 d(3.6±0.5)明显下降(P0.05);治疗后两组患者髋关节Harris评分均较治疗前上升,观察组患者髋关节(Harris)评分治疗后24 h(55.6±1.1)分、7 d(68.5±1.8)、14 d(80.3±1.7)分,较对照组术后24 h(43.7±1.2)分、7 d(54.6±1.3)、14 d(63.0±1.4)分明显上升(P0.05);患者满意度观察组(92.5%)较对照组(72.5%)增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:合理运用浮针治疗,疼痛感触明显减轻、功能和患者的满意度显著提高。     

混编或空载货车通过中等跨度桥梁横向振动机理分析

通过对现场实测桥梁(中等跨度上承式及半穿式钢桁梁)振动波形的分析,探讨了混编列车通过桥梁时易发生脱轨事故的原因。提出当车速为60～70km/h时,带有磨耗型踏面的空载货车横向蛇行振动频率为1．5～2．9Hz,与桥梁带载横向自振频率相符,引起共振。     

列车乘务员SCL—90评定结果分析

采用ＳＣＬ—９０症状自评量表对某铁路分局４６７名列车乘务员的心理卫生状况进行了分析。结果显示总均分、阳性症状均分、阳性项目数、九组症候群因子分、达到或超过中等严重程度的发生频数均显著高于对照组。经多元逐步回归分析,仅细菌总数和二氧化碳对列车乘务员心理卫生状况有一定影响,其原因多与工作环境的不良因素和工作性质有关。     

Novel chloride channel gene mutations in two unrelated Japanese families with Becker's autosomal recessive generalized myotonia

We investigated the skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride channel gene (CLCN1) in two unrelated Japanese patients with Becker's myotonia congenita. The non-myotonic parents of each patient were consanguineous. The proband of each family shares generalized myotonia, transient weakness after rest, and leg muscle hypertrophy. However, the disease severity related to the degree of myotonia differed, even in view of the response to long train nerve stimulation tests. CLCN1 gene analysis revealed a novel Ala659Val missense mutation identified to be homozygous in the more severe patient, while a novel Gln445Stop nonsense mutation was present in the other patient. Both mutations were absent in 90 Japanese normal controls. This is the first report of Japanese cases of Becker's myotonia congenita with CLCN1 gene mutations.     

试论抗真菌中药研究战略

在认真分析前一阶段抗真菌中药研究状况的基础上，本文阐述了对今后如何开展其研究的看法：进一步从有抗真菌活性的中药中提取有效成分；加强抗深部感染真菌中医研究、抗真菌中药复方研究及利用动物真菌性疾病模型进行研究；开展中药对抗真菌抗生素和化学合成药物减毒增效作用研究以及中药抗真菌机理研究等。     

旅客列车有害生物滋扰侵害乘客调查分析

目的查明旅客列车有害生物滋扰侵害乘客的种类,为有效控制提供科学依据。方法采用访视法调查有害生物滋扰乘客的过程及危害症状,采用药激法、粘捕法及人工诱捕法调查造成危害的虫种。结果滋扰乘客的有害生物为飞行害虫,滋扰后人体症状为粒状红斑,奇痒,发生于人体裸露部位。人工诱捕采集到白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊。结论白纹伊蚊是滋扰乘客造成危害的主要虫种,关闭门窗、滞留喷洒杀虫剂、涂抹驱蚊油是防止滋扰的有效办法。     

旅客列车德国小蠊防治的研究

目的探讨控制旅客列车德国小蠊危害的防治措施.方法调查德国小蠊对不同列车、不同车厢的危害程度,以及对常用杀虫剂的抗性情况,研究将两种杀虫剂混配的效果,并用于现场防治.结果德国小蠊危害严重,对10种杀虫剂均产生不同程度抗性,三氯杀虫酯和敌敌畏分别与菊酯类混配增效不明显,0.025%右旋苯氰菊酯与0.025%顺式氯氰菊酯混配室内效果比单独的顺式氯氰菊酯效果好,前者对德国小蠊全部击倒时间为14 min,24h死亡率80%;后者全部击倒时间为20min,24h死亡率只有23.3%.混配制剂现场防治结果表明0.025%右旋苯氰菊酯与0.025%顺式氯氰菊酯混配制剂优于氟氯氰菊酯单剂,杀灭率分别为84.76%,47.71%.而混配制剂对硬座车厢的保护较好,对餐车车厢的保护较差.结论单独的化学防治难以达到控制列车上德国小蠊危害的目的,尤其是对餐车化学防治技术难以发挥优势.     

THE OMITTED STIMULUS POTENTIAL IS RELATED TO THE COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF REACTION TIME

Omitted stimulus potentials (OSP) are waves that are considered to involve moderately high-level processing, but their relation to the cognitive, premotor component of reaction time (PMRT) to an omitted stimulus has not been examined. This relationship was tested in 20 participants who responded to an auditory omitted stimulus occurring in fast (7 Hz) and slow (.5 Hz) frequency trains while electrophysiological recordings provided measures of the OSP and EMG. In accord with the hypothesis, the time between the onset of the OSP and the EMG was strongly correlated to PMRT under both stimulus frequency conditions.