Effects of anteriorly-loaded treadmill walking on dynamic gait stability in young adults

BackgroundAnteriorly-loaded walking is common in many occupations and may increase fall risk. Dynamic gait stability, defined by the Feasible Stability Region (FSR) theory, quantifies the kinematic relationship between the body’s center of mass (COM) and base of support (BOS). FSR-based dynamic gait stability has been used to evaluate the fall risk.Research questionHow does front load carriage affect dynamic gait stability, step length, and trunk angle among young adults during treadmill walking?MethodsIn this between-subject design study, 30 healthy young adults were evenly randomized into three load groups (0%, 10%, or 20% of body weight). Participants carried their assigned load while walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.2 m/s. Body kinematics were collected during treadmill walking. Dynamic gait stability (the primary variable) was calculated for two gait events: touchdown and liftoff. Step length and trunk angle were measured as secondary variables. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to detect any group-related differences for all variables. Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction was performed when main group differences were found.ResultsNo significant differences but medium to large effect sizes were found between groups for dynamic gait stability at touchdown (p = 0.194, η² = 0.114) and liftoff (p = 0.122, η² = 0.139). Trunk angle significantly increased (indicating backward lean) with the front load at touchdown (p < 0.001, η² = 0.648) and liftoff (p < 0.001, η² = 0.543). No significant between-group difference was found related to the step length (p = 0.344, η² = 0.076).SignificanceCarrying a front load during walking significantly alters the trunk orientation and may change the COM-BOS kinematic relationship and, therefore, fall risk. The findings could inform the design of future studies focusing on the impact of anterior load carriage on fall risk during different locomotion.     

Digital surface scanning in flap perfusion

Monitoring vascular perfusion of transferred tissue is essential in reconstructive surgery to recognize early flap failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a digital surface scanner to detect vascular perfusion disorders through the monitoring of skin colour changes. A total of 160 surface scans of the forearm skin were performed with a TRIOS 3D scanner. Vascular compromise was simulated at different time-points by intermittent occlusion of the blood supply to the forearm skin (first the arterial blood supply and then the venous blood supply). Skin colour changes were examined according to the hue, saturation, and value colour scale. Colour differences were analysed with a paired t-test. Significant differences were observed between the colour of the normal skin and that of the vascular compromised skin (P < 0.01). The surface scanner could distinguish between arterial occlusion and venous congestion (P < 0.01). A digital surface scan is an objective, non-invasive tool to detect early vascular perfusion disorders of the skin.     

脊柱胸腰段骨折椎体的三维形态学分析

目的 通过三维骨折线分布图的大数据形态学分析，揭示脊柱胸腰段椎体（T₁₁~L₂）骨折的好发模式及骨折特点，从而指导临床决策。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年3月AO分型为A型的压缩性胸腰段椎体（T₁₁~L₂）骨折病人的临床资料。共纳入了257例研究对象，平均年龄为46岁，266个骨折椎体，其中T₁₁骨折15例，T₁₂骨折69例，L₁骨折95例，L₂骨折87例。把病人高分辨率CT数据导入到Mimics软件中，通过阈值分割，重建出骨折椎体模型。依次将各个骨折椎体的骨折线临摹到相应正常椎体模型上，获得各个椎体节段的3D骨折线分布图。结果 3D骨折线分布图揭示骨折线主要集中在椎体的上半部分以及椎体的外1/3部分，并且沿着椎体的前方和侧方呈环状楔形分布。结论 首次将骨折的Mapping技术应用到胸腰段骨折的分析研究中，骨折线分布图揭示了胸腰段骨折的好发模式及形态学特点，从流行病学及形态学方面提高了对胸腰段骨折的认识，有助于提升后续的科学研究及改善临床决策。     

Walking speed as a predictor of community mobility and quality of life after stroke

Background: Community mobility (CM) is considered a part of community reintegration that enhances Quality of Life (QoL). Achieving an appropriate gait speed is essential in attaining an independent outdoor ambulation and satisfactory CM.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify whether gait speed is a predictor of CM and QoL in patients with stroke following a multimodal rehabilitation program (MRP).

Methods: This was a baseline control trial with 6-months follow-up in an outpatient rehabilitation setting at a university hospital. Twenty-six stroke survivors completed the MRP (24 sessions, 2 days/wk, 1 hr/session). The MRP consisted of aerobic exercise, task-oriented exercises, balance exercises and stretching. Participants also performed an ambulation program at home. Outcome variables were: walking speed (10-m walking test) and QoL (physical and psychosocial domains of Euroquol and Sickness Impact Profile).

Results: At the end of the intervention, comfortable and fast walking speed increased by an average of 0.16 (SD 0.21) (*p < .05) and 0.40 (SD 0.51) (**p < .001) m/s, respectively. After the intervention, all participants achieved independent outdoor ambulation with an increase of 34.14 of walking minutes/day in the community and a decrease of sitting time of 95.45 minutes/day. Regarding QoL there were increased mean scores on the physical and psychosocial dimensions of Euroquol and the Sickness Impact Profile, respectively (**p < .001).

Conclusions: The results suggest that improved walking speed after the MRP is associated with CM and higher scores in QoL. These findings support the need to implement rehabilitation programs to promote increased speed.     

CT引导下三管式腔内后装与腔内结合插植后装用于宫颈癌治疗的对比研究

目的:比较局部晚期宫颈癌采用标准三管施源器的腔内后装(tandem and ovoid)与腔内结合组织间插植后装的剂量学差异。方法:CT引导下的三维适形近距离治疗局部晚期宫颈癌患者20 例，间隔采用三管式腔内后装与腔内结合组织间插植共 72次。 按照施源器的不同分成 ２个组，每组 36 次，对靶区剂量、危及器官等进行比较。结果:在给予A点相同处方剂量的情况下，HR-CTV D90、D100在三管式腔内后装组与腔内结合组织间插植后装组中分别为（590.0±46.4）cGy、（471.2±66.2）cGy，（502.8±67.7）cGy、（335.9±46.0）cGy，P＜0．05)，膀胱、直肠、乙状结肠D2cc均相近（P=0.85、0.28、0.53）。结论:采用腔内结合插植后装治疗局部晚期宫颈癌比三管式腔内后装可获得更高的靶区剂量，但长期疗效及晚期反应仍需进一步研究。     

The effects of locomotor training in children with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Purpose: Discuss the effectiveness of locomotor training (LT) in children following spinal cord injury (SCI). This intervention was assessed following an exhaustive search of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses: The PRISMA Statement as a guideline.

Method: Six databases were searched including PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Web of Knowledge in January 2016 and November 2016, without date restrictions. Inclusion criteria were: studies in English and peer-reviewed and journal articles with a primary intervention of LT in children following SCI.

Results: Twelve articles, reporting eleven studies, were included. A systematic review assessing locomotor training in children with SCI published in April 2016 was also included. Participants were ages 15 months to 18 years old. Forms of LT included body-weight supported treadmill or over ground training, functional electrical stimulation, robotics, and virtual reality. Protocols differed in set-up and delivery mode, with improvements seen in ambulation for all 41 participants following LT.

Conclusion: Children might benefit from LT to develop or restore ambulation following SCI. Age, completeness, and level of injury remain the most important prognostic factors to consider with this intervention. Additional benefits include improved bowel/ bladder management and control, bone density, cardiovascular endurance, and overall quality of life. Looking beyond the effects LT has just on ambulation is crucial because it can offer benefits to all children sustaining a SCI, even if restoration or development of walking is not the primary goal. Further rigorous research is required to determine the overall effectiveness of LT.     

大分割三维适形放疗治疗鼻咽癌鼻咽复发再程放疗的不良反应及疗效评估

目的 研究大分割三维适形放疗治疗鼻咽复发鼻咽癌,了解相关放射损伤反应及疗效。方法 回顾分析我院2008-2013年间收治的鼻咽复发鼻咽癌患者153例,采用大分割三维适形放疗(3 Gy/次,5 次/周,总量51~60 Gy,4周共17~20次),观察近期和远期损伤、KPS评分、近期和远期疗效。结果 近期损伤中口腔黏膜、乏力治疗前与治疗结束时相比不同(P均<0.05),远期放射损伤发生率分别为口干(95.4%)、耳聋(51.0%)、张口困难(79.1%)、颌面部纤维化(33.3%)、放射性脑病(15.0%),治疗前与治疗结束时相比不同(P均<0.05),实际远期放射损伤口干(91.5%)、耳聋(50.9%)、张口困难(76.5%)、颌面部纤维化(32.0%)、放射性脑病(14.4%);治疗结束时与治疗后3个月对比患者KPS评分变化人数不同(P<0.05);治疗后1、3、6、9、12个月后局部控制率分别为29.4%、68.6%、79.1%、83.7%、86.9%,1个月后与3个月后、3个月后与6个月后对比不同(P<0.05);1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为96.1%、80.4%、68.5%、57.9%、51.1%。结论 大分割三维适形放疗用于鼻咽复发鼻咽癌患者的近期疗效、远期疗效较好,局部控制率高,患者可耐受,安全性较好。     

三维可视化辅助经皮微波消融治疗复发性肝癌价值分析

目的 评价三维可视化辅助经皮微波消融治疗复发性肝癌的临床效果。方法 选择2017-12-01至2019-06-01中国人民解放军总医院介入超声科连续收治的经皮微波消融的84例复发性肝癌病人，根据是否进行三维可视化评估分为三维重建组（30例，49个病灶）和常规组（54例，111个病灶）。比较两组病人治疗相关指标及预后情况。用三维可视化软件计算术前全肝体积、肿瘤体积、预计消融体积、术后全肝体积、消融体积，并对比术前规划消融体积与术后实际消融体积。结果 所有病人均完成经皮微波消融治疗，肿瘤最大径为（4.3±1.0）cm。随访时间为10（2~19）个月。三维重建组和常规组严重并发症发生率（6.7% vs. 9.3%）、总存活率（100% vs. 94.4%）、肝内复发率（8.2% vs. 12.6%）及局部复发率（6.1% vs. 10.8%）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三维重建组病人术前规划体积和消融体积差异无统计学意义（P=0.616），消融后剩余肝体积与标准肝体积的比值为98.0%±25.6%。两组病人微波消融前后的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆红素、胆碱酯酶差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 三维可视化辅助经皮微波消融在复发性肝癌的精准治疗中有重要的价值。     

三维可视化技术在胰头癌胰腺全系膜切除术中应用研究

目的 探讨三维可视化技术在胰头癌胰腺全系膜切除术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普外科行胰腺全系膜切除的105例胰头癌病人资料，采用三维可视化技术对胰头肿瘤的部位、大小、与周围血管的毗邻关系进行观察，完成术前可切除性的评估，共施行胰腺全系膜切除术105例。结果 平均手术时间239 min，平均术中出血409 mL。29例（27.6%）发生术后并发症，无围手术期死亡病例。74例标本三维空间切缘病理学检查达到R0切除，R0切除率为70.5%。结论 三维可视化技术在胰头癌全系膜切除术前规划中的应用，可以更好地指导胰头癌的精准手术，提高了术前评估的准确率与手术的R0切除率，降低手术并发症发生率。