固体室温空间驱避剂配方及工艺的初步研究

目的研究载体对固体室温空间驱避剂的挥发度、成形性、稳定性、残余量、驱蚊率及工艺的影响。方法比较7种不同载体的固体室温空间驱避剂的挥发速率、成形性、残余量、稳定性、驱蚊率及工艺,最终确定合适的载体。结果 7种固体室温空间驱避剂的挥发趋势大体相同,挥发速度有所差别,成形性各有差异,稳定性基本没有出现异常,残余量各自不同,驱蚊率皆在80%以上,制作工艺各有差异。结论琼脂的成形性最好,表面平整光滑,硬度最大,生产灌装工艺简单,驱蚊率在90%以上,稳定性未出现异常。最后确定选用琼脂作为固体室温空间驱避剂的载体。     

新型粘合剂、增稠剂的印染性能

通过对单体、乳化剂及工艺过程的选择,合成了丙烯酸酯类新型粘合剂PBAMM(Ⅰ)和增稠剂PMAEE(Ⅰ)及增稠剂PMAOE(Ⅱ)。所合成的粘合剂Ⅰ具有优良的配伍性能,且印花织物的牢度、色光、强度、手感等优良。增稠剂Ⅰ及Ⅱ既具有优良的增稠性能又有较强的耐电解质性,应用时少剂量即达要求,且能减少印花浆中的火油耗用量。尤其,当粘合剂Ⅰ与增稠剂Ⅰ或Ⅱ配套使用时,更具优越的加和应用性能。     

AA-AM-AN三元共聚物的合成及其溶液性能的研究

采用自由基水溶液共聚法制备了水溶性丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺－丙烯腈共聚物。对聚合反应温度、引发剂用量、尿素用量、聚合物浓度、电解质浓度、剪切速率、温度等因素对聚合物溶液性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明，合成的水溶性聚合物具有良好的增稠作用及耐温抗盐抗剪切等性能。     

高锰酸钾引发魔芋粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚合及其增稠性研究

用KMnO4作引发刺对魔芋粉(KGM)与丙烯酰胺(AM)进行了接枝共聚反应．研究了引发剂浓度、接枝单体浓度、体系酸度、反应温度、反应时间以及KGM预氧化时间等条件对接枝效率的影响．结果表明：在适宜的条件下，接枝效率可达90％以上，并且接枝物的水溶性与增稠性得到较大的改善。     

Odor–Taste–Texture Interactions as a Promising Strategy to Tackle Adolescent Overweight

The adolescence period is characterized by a considerable risk to weight gain due to the high consumption of food rich in sugar. A promising strategy to reduce sugar consumption may lie in exploiting the ability of our senses to interact to each other (cross-modal interactions). The aims were to investigate the cross-modal interactions and gustatory function in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. Fifty adolescents (25 overweight and 25 normal-weight) were involved. Subjects rated liking and attribute intensity in pudding samples obtained by adding vanilla aroma (0.1%; 0.3%), butter aroma (0.05%; 0.1%) or a thickener agent (1%; 1.5%) to a base formulation. The gustatory function was also measured through the “taste strips” methodology. Overweight adolescents were found to have a significantly (p < 0.001) worse ability to correctly identify all tastes. Cross-modal interactions occurred differently according to their body mass index, with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in sensory desirable characteristics (e.g., sweet and creaminess) due to aroma addition, especially in overweight subjects. Furthermore, butter aroma significantly increased hedonic responses only in overweight subjects. Tricking our senses in the way of perceiving sensory attributes could be a promising strategy to develop innovative food formulations with a reduced sugar amount, which will lead to a potential decrease in caloric intake and help to tackle the obesity epidemic.     

脑卒中后经口进食困难病人使用增稠剂的研究进展

从国内外脑卒中经口进食困难使用增稠剂发展状况进行概述,总结了影响增稠剂黏稠度的主要因素,综述了增稠剂在临床应用中受到的挑战,为脑卒中后经口进食困难病人的饮食管理工作提供参考依据。     

Current concepts and issues in the management of regurgitation of infants: a reappraisal

Regurgitation in infants is a common problem. Recent issues, such as the increased risk of sudden infant death in the prone sleeping position, the finding of persisting occult gastro-oesophageal reflux with feed thickeners, and the increasing awareness of the cost-benefit ratio of medications may challenge the currently recommended management approach. A round table was organized to elaborate on the impact of (i) the pro supine sleeping campaigns in relation to sudden infant death and (ii) advancement in medical treatment on therapeutic strategies in regurgitating infants. The participants were opinion leaders from Europe and North America (Belgium, Canada, France, UK, Italy, Switzerland and The Netherlands). The importance of parental reassurance is stressed. As a consequence of the supine sleeping campaigns aiming to decrease the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome, the "prone elevated sleeping position" is no longer advised as a first-line therapeutic approach, although it is still recommended in "complicated reflux". It is emphasized that milk thickeners are an adequate therapeutic tool for regurgitation, but not in reflux disease. According to the literature, the efficacy of (alginate-) antacids, although very popular in some countries, is questionable. These recommendations will be of interest to first-line paediatricians, since about 40% of their patients, according to the literature, present because of regurgitation.     

润滑脂对滚动轴承EHD膜厚的影响

用电阻应变片法在滚动轴承上测试各种类型润滑脂的弹性流体动压润滑(EHD)膜厚h_c。结果表明,h_c与基础油的粘度密切有关,且受到皂的类型及浓度的影响。提出了不同工况下适宜的润滑脂类型及其浓度的选用原则。