CTI和3G技术在120急救指挥中心的应用

介绍了120急救指挥中心的结构、计算机电话一体化和卫星定位系统、地理信息系统以及无线通讯系统的功能，分析了CTI和3G技术在120急救指挥中心的实际应用和取得的成效。     

Evaluation of telephone transmission for computer electrocardiographic interpretation in Japan

The reliability of the Japanese public telephone facilities to transmit electrocardiograms (e.c.g.) for computer interpretation was assessed. The International Business Machine's (IBM) e.c.g. computer program by Bonner was used. No appreciable distortion of e.c.g. was observed following repeated transmission from hospitals separated by 1000 km. Thirty-four normal and 66 abnormal e.c.g.s. were transmitted twice. Identical results were observed in 97% of normals and 92% of abnormals. Following these fundamental experiments, 1236 patients' e.c.g.s. were transmitted for computer intepretation. The study showed that 98·6% (1219 cases) were technically satisfactory and 1·4% (17 cases) were not. The 17 unsatisfactory cases were classified into ten unreceivable data formats, six inconsistent measurements and one unacceptable noise level. The authors concluded that the Japanese public telephone facilities were acceptable for the transmission of e.c.g.s. for computer interpretation.     

Accessibility, clinical effectiveness, and practice costs of providing a telephone option for routine asthma reviews: phase IV controlled implementation study.

BACKGROUND: Attendance for routine asthma reviews is poor. A recent randomised controlled trial found that telephone consultations can cost-effectively and safely enhance asthma review rates; however, concerns have been expressed about the generalisability and implementation of the trial's findings. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone option as part of a routine structured asthma review service. DESIGN OF STUDY: Phase IV controlled before-and-after implementation study. SETTING: A large UK general practice. METHOD: Using existing administrative groups, all patients with active asthma (n = 1809) received one of three asthma review services: structured recall with a telephone-option for reviews versus structured recall with face-to-face-only reviews, or usual-care (to assess secular trends). Main outcome measures were: proportion of patients with active asthma reviewed within the previous 15 months (Quality and Outcomes Framework target), mode of review, enablement, morbidity, and costs to the practice. RESULTS: A routine asthma review was provided for 397/598 (66.4%) patients in the telephone-option group compared with 352/654 (53.8%) in the face-to-face-only review group: risk difference 12.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.2 to 17.9, P<0.001). The usual-care group achieved a review rate of 282/557 (50.6%). Morbidity was equivalent in the three groups; however, enablement (P = 0.03) and confidence (P = 0.007) in asthma management were greater in the telephone-option versus face-to-face-only group. The cost per review achieved by providing the telephone-option service was lower than the face-to-face-only service (10.03 pounds versus 12.74 pounds, mean difference 2.71 pounds; 95% CI = 1.92 to 3.50, P<0.001); usual-care costs were 11.85 pounds per review achieved. CONCLUSION: Routinely offering telephone reviews cost-effectively increased asthma review rates, enhancing patient enablement and confidence with management, with no detriment to asthma morbidity. Practices should consider a telephone option for their asthma review service.     

JM-高效电话杀菌垫杀菌效果的实验观察

目的：以2%强化戊二醛为主要成分的微胶囊消毒液制成电话杀菌势运载其杀菌效果及稳定性进行了试验观察。方法 按卫生部1999版消毒剂微生物学实验室鉴定实验技术进行。结果 该液作用3-5min,可杀灭大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌99.99%以上;作用10min可灭活HBsAg,浸以2%强化戊二醛该液的消毒垫贴于电话话筒使用45d,仍有良好消毒作用。结论 JM-高效电话杀菌垫具有良好杀菌效果和稳定性。     

Assessment of quality of life in the elderly assisted at home through a Tele-Check service

This study evaluates the effects of a Tele-check/Tele-emergency service on the quality of life in the elderly. Through telephone interviews a questionnaire has been repeatedly administered to explore various psychological, somatic, and social aspects in a random sample of 574 subjects aged 65 years and over (mean = 76.8 years). The findings suggest that the elderly helped by the service (in its control functioning) make less demands on health facilities (GPs visits, number of days in hospital) as compared to controls. Implications are presented and discussed.     

医院电话机细菌污染检测分析

目的 了解医院内公用电话机的细菌污染情况，为有效控制医院内感染提供依据。方法 抽取本院各诊室主机及分机共21部公用电话机进行细菌学和免疫学监测，并随机对30名医护人员和30名就诊病人进行相关卫生知识调查。结果 21部电话机细菌污染情况严重，合格率仅为4．8％。30名医护人员和30名就诊病人均对相关卫生知识缺乏认识。结论 在将医院公用电话机消毒同院内感染知识教育纳入医院感染管理工作中内容的同时，并建立和严格执行相关制度。     

现代120急救指挥中心的设计与建设体会

目的 采用现代技术，建立一个高水平的120急救指挥中心。方法 将计算机网络、卫星定位系统、地理信息系统、计算机电话一体化、数字录音系统有机结合起来，成为一个安全、可靠的综合实体。结果 120急救指挥调度目标清晰，有条不紊，服务质量更高。结论 现代技术能有效提高120急救指挥中心的急救效率和成功率。     

Effectiveness of training on the community skills of children with intellectual disabilities

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities often have difficulties in daily tasks, requiring training to increase functional independence. This study measured the effectiveness of community skills training in a telephone task and a shopping task, and examined if community-based training was more effective than classroom-based training. Material and methods: A randomized control trial with 40 children aged 9–11years was completed. Intervention groups attended an eight-week training programme; the control group received no treatment. One intervention group practised skills in local shops. All participants were assessed before and after treatment in a shopping task and telephone task, using task analysis methodology. Results: Data showed a highly statistically significant difference between intervention and control groups in the shopping task (p=0.007); however, there was no significant difference between classroom and classroom supplemented by community-based learning in the shopping task. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the telephone task. Conclusion: Results suggested that skills training was effective in one of the skill areas with this client group. Further research is required to determine if community-based training is more effective than classroom-based learning.