口语化疾病名称向国际规范疾病术语集的映射研究

目的：研究患者口语化疾病名称到术语疾病名称的映射，解决在线口语化疾病名称难以有效利用的问题。方法：抓取“微医网”上患者口语中的疾病名，将PubMed摘要、百度搜索页摘要与百科内容作为语料，训练词向量，用余弦距离计算相似度，由2名具有临床知识和从业经验的编码人员对结果的准确性进行检验。结果：将最相似词条的参数TopN设置为>= 30的时候效果比较好，映射到大类和细类的准确性分别稳定在60%和70%左右。结论：利用词向量将口语化疾病名称映射到国际疾病术语集，具有较强的通用性和可行性，对于在线问诊、智能分诊甚至自动化编码具有明显的参考借鉴价值。     

试从中医角度认识2019新型冠状病毒肺炎

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医疫病范畴,临床表现以发热、乏力、干咳为主,少数患者伴有鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等症状,其病位在肺,总的病机为湿郁于肺,治疗的关键环节是尽早正确及时除湿,通腑泄浊。依据四诊合参、审症求因,初步提出分期辨证论治:初期、中期、重症期、恢复期,在临证时需要个体化的中医治疗方案治疗本次疫病。未感染者要早预防,已感染者要早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗。     

中药栀子本草考证

栀子临床应用广泛,且历史悠久,为更好地利用栀子资源,通过梳理历代文献与现代研究,对栀子名称、品种、产地、炮制、功效等方面进行考证,发现栀子命名主要以形态、色泽为依据,一定程度上反映了栀子的特征,并且存在与水栀子混用"黄栀"之名的情况。古代文献中记载的栀子产地最早为南阳,但产量不高,受人口迁移以及生产力发展的影响,栀子的产地主要转移到南方,且以南方产者为佳。在历代本草文献中记载入药用的栀子为山栀子,水栀子不堪入药,但在《伤寒论》等古代方书中有"肥栀子""大栀子"入药用的记载,通过后世对相应方剂的记载,确定二者应为水栀子,为水栀子的临床应用提供了有力依据。之所以与本草文献记载有所差异,应与《雷公炮炙论》和《伤寒论》的年代不同,栀子的产量及采收能力有所差距,且本草书重规范,择优入药,方书注重实用等特点有关,并且根据现代实验研究表明山栀子与水栀子化学成分组成、含量相似,具有相同的利胆作用。此外,系统整理了历代本草与方书中栀子的炮制方法和功效,并进行了分析,为栀子属资源的进一步研究与利用提供了参考和借鉴。     

基于经典名方的山茱萸本草考证

山茱萸作为临床常用中药,具有补益肝肾,收涩固脱之效。鉴于历代医药学家对山茱萸药用部位颇有争议,笔者通过查阅历代本草、医学典籍,结合现代相关文献、标准等资料,对山茱萸名称、基原、产地变迁及品质、药用部位、采收加工及炮制、性味功效、用法用量等内容进行本草学考证,为确保含有山茱萸的经典名方能够精准用药以及为进一步开发利用提供参考。经考证可知,山茱萸从古至今来源为山茱萸科植物山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.,最早产于山东、陕西一带,后延伸至河南、浙江等地大量栽培,现商品多以浙江所产品质为佳。山茱萸最初应是以全果实入药,但由于“核能滑精”说的影响致使山萸肉(去核之果肉)成了历代主流品规,但在临床实际应用中,2种规格均存在,应根据患者类型辨证使用。山茱萸在历代本草、医学典籍中记载的炮制方法也较多,但主流品种为山茱萸生品和酒萸肉。此外,山茱萸性味也从最初“味酸,平、微温无毒”演变为“味酸、涩,性微温”,历代用药剂量更是与药典规定的剂量范围出入较大,建议临床医师在条件允许的情况下,应根据患者及病证类型,选择合适的经方剂量,以最大限度保证山茱萸应有的临床疗效。     

再议我国医用矿泉的分类命名及表示法

再议我国医用矿泉的分类命名及表示法张恒久王占东目的为充分发挥我国医用矿泉的医疗保健作用，尽快统一医用矿泉的分类、命名和表示方法，提出本人修订意见，与同道探讨。方法查阅国内、国外矿泉医学资料，结合作者实践。结果１医学矿泉定义：凡自然涌出或动力开采、含...     

片姜黄和片子姜黄名称及来源考辨

文章主要通过文献考证的方法,对片姜黄和片子姜黄的名称以及来源进行考辨,为现代临床正确应用古方提供依据。在古代方书中,片姜黄和片子姜黄常互称互代,作为同一种药应用;而在古代本草文献中,两者常常在姜黄名下作为同一品种载述。片姜黄和姜黄在古代方书中亦互称互代,作为同一种药应用;在古代本草文献中在姜黄名下载述片姜黄的功效及形态特征。古代方药文献对于片姜黄的记载基本一致,现代文献对片姜黄来源记载的不一致,与现代对姜黄、郁金以及莪术的来源记载变化有关。笔者认为,片姜黄即古之片子姜黄;在古代其与姜黄系指同一药物,来源亦如姜黄一样并非一种;在现时其与姜黄已作为2种药物,来源单指原植物温郁金;应用古方需了解姜黄与片姜黄古同今异的变化,在临床中正确选药。     

Efficacy of the tobacco tax policy in the presence of product heterogeneity: A pseudo-panel approach applied to Spain

This paper focuses on the substitution effects between different comercial presentations of tobacco in Spain. Concretely, on cigarettes, cigars and RYO. When taxing policies increase tobacco prices these effects might lead changes from more expensive to cheaper products instead of reducing tobacco consumption. We use micro-data for the years 2006 -2012. We estimate a complete model of demand. The own-price, the income and the cross elasticity of each good are estimated. The results show that the own-price elasticity of cigarettes is low and the income elasticity of cigarettes’ demand is very low. Thus in Spain smokers continue to buy cigarettes when the price of cigarettes increases and when cigarette consumers income declines. Moreover the substitutability relationship of cigarettes for cigars and RYO is weak. Thus, cigarettes smokers in Spain are loyal to this product and consider it a normal good. Moreover, cigar consumption presents high own-price and income elasticities, so cigars are luxury goods. Thus unlike cigarettes, cigar sales fall when cigar prices rise or cigar consumers income falls. Finally, RYO and cigarettes are substitutes goods and RYO and cigars are not substitute ones. That means that RYO and cigarettes can satisfy the same need; then to satisfy it the consumers can use almost indistinctibly the one or the other. This is not the case between RYO and cigars.     

学术论文作者机构规范文档构建

以中国生物医学文献数据库为基础,面向基于学术论文开展机构检索、分析与评价相关知识服务需要,对学术论文作者机构名称规范目标与内容、体系结构与组织方式以及构建过程与实现策略进行研究、实践总结。     

The modulatory effect of semantic familiarity on the audiovisual integration of face‐name pairs

To recognize individuals, the brain often integrates audiovisual information from familiar or unfamiliar faces, voices, and auditory names. To date, the effects of the semantic familiarity of stimuli on audiovisual integration remain unknown. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we used familiar/unfamiliar facial images, auditory names, and audiovisual face‐name pairs as stimuli to determine the influence of semantic familiarity on audiovisual integration. First, we performed a general linear model analysis using fMRI data and found that audiovisual integration occurred for familiar congruent and unfamiliar face‐name pairs but not for familiar incongruent pairs. Second, we decoded the familiarity categories of the stimuli (familiar vs. unfamiliar) from the fMRI data and calculated the reproducibility indices of the brain patterns that corresponded to familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. The decoding accuracy rate was significantly higher for familiar congruent versus unfamiliar face‐name pairs (83.2%) than for familiar versus unfamiliar faces (63.9%) and for familiar versus unfamiliar names (60.4%). This increase in decoding accuracy was not observed for familiar incongruent versus unfamiliar pairs. Furthermore, compared with the brain patterns associated with facial images or auditory names, the reproducibility index was significantly improved for the brain patterns of familiar congruent face‐name pairs but not those of familiar incongruent or unfamiliar pairs. Our results indicate the modulatory effect that semantic familiarity has on audiovisual integration. Specifically, neural representations were enhanced for familiar congruent face‐name pairs compared with visual‐only faces and auditory‐only names, whereas this enhancement effect was not observed for familiar incongruent or unfamiliar pairs. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4333–4348, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Price difference as a predictor of the selection between brand name and generic statins in Japan

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the predictors of the selection between brand name drug (BR) and generic drug (GE) and to clarify the quantitative relationship about selection.MethodsWe identified “incident users” who dispensed statins between April 2008 and June 2011 in commercially databases consisted of dispensing claims databases (DCD) of out-of-hospital pharmacies and hospital claims databases (HCD) of in-house pharmacies in Japan. Predictors of the selection between BR and GE, including price difference (PD), the price of BR, their interaction and percent change of the price of GE relative to BR were explored by logistic regression using DCD and HCD separately.ResultsWe extracted records of 670 patients who have opportunity for selection both BR and GE. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PD, the price of BR, interaction between them, and prescriber affiliation were factors significantly associated with the selection in the DCD; logit (p) = 9.735 − 0.251 × PD − 0.071 × the price of BR + 0.002 × PD × the price of BR − 1.816 × affiliation + 0.220 × gender − 0.008 × age + 0.038 × monthly medical fee. PD was inversely proportional to BR choice in DCD and lead to the opposite result in HCD. Numerical simulation of selection revealed that the quantitative relationships heavily depend on situations.ConclusionsPD and the price of BR are predictors of the selection between BR and GE interactively in out-of-hospital pharmacies, but not in in-house pharmacies of medical facilities. Results may support policies which increase the power of out-of-hospital pharmacies for selection.