How can hospitals change practice to better implement smoking cessation interventions? A systematic review

Smoking cessation reduces the risk of death, improves recovery, and reduces the risk of hospital readmission. Evidence and policy support hospital admission as an ideal time to deliver smoking-cessation interventions. However, this is not well implemented in practice. In this systematic review, the authors summarize the literature on smoking-cessation implementation strategies and evaluate their success to guide the implementation of best-practice smoking interventions into hospital settings. The CINAHL Complete, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, and PsycInfo databases were searched using terms associated with the following topics: smoking cessation, hospitals, and implementation. In total, 14,287 original records were identified and screened, resulting in 63 eligible articles from 56 studies. Data were extracted on the study characteristics, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes. Implementation outcomes were guided by Proctor and colleagues' framework and included acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. The findings demonstrate that studies predominantly focused on the training of staff to achieve implementation. Brief implementation approaches using a small number of implementation strategies were less successful and poorly sustained compared with well resourced and multicomponent approaches. Although brief implementation approaches may be viewed as advantageous because they are less resource-intensive, their capacity to change practice in a sustained way lacks evidence. Attempts to change clinician behavior or introduce new models of care are challenging in a short time frame, and implementation efforts should be designed for long-term success. There is a need to embrace strategic, well planned implementation approaches to embed smoking-cessation interventions into hospitals and to reap and sustain the benefits for people who smoke.     

Leukaemic variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Erythrodermic mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common types of cutaneous lymphoma, accounting for approximately 60% of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Diagnosis requires correlation of clinical, histologic, and molecular features. A multitude of factors have been linked to the aetiopathogenesis, however, none have been definitively proven. Erythrodermic MF (E-MF) and SS share overlapping clinical features, such as erythroderma, but are differentiated on the degree of malignant blood involvement. While related, they are considered to be two distinct entities originating from different memory T cell subsets. Differential expression of PD-1 and KIR3DL2 may represent a tool for distinguishing MF and SS, as well as a means of monitoring treatment response. Treatment of E-MF/SS is guided by disease burden, patients’ ages and comorbidities, and effect on quality of life. Current treatment options include biologic, targeted, immunologic, and investigational therapies that can provide long term response with minimal side effects. Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only potential curative treatment.     

How women experience and cope with daily hassles after sexual abuse – a retrospective qualitative study

The impact of stress on health can depend on factors such as frequency, heightening of stress during a given period or the presence of one or a few repeated hassles of psychological importance. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how adult women experience and cope with daily hassles after sexual abuse. Ten interviews were analysed using the grounded theory method. The theoretical model of ‘protecting armor in daily life’ emerged. The aftermath of sexual abuse related coping with daily stress can be understood as a three‐phase process: (1) avoiding and escaping—coping after experiencing sexual abuse; (2) accepting and disclosing—starting a process of recovery; and (3) reconciling and repossessing—living with the experience in the present. The model contributes to a deeper understanding of the everyday life of women who have experienced sexual abuse. Increased knowledge of coping behaviours that can be used to deal with daily hassles may also serve as a tool for health professionals, other helpers and family to help these women rebuild a good life.     

腹腔镜肝切除术中副损伤预防及处理

随着腹腔镜肝切除术在国内开展，腹腔镜肝切除术的手术适应证和手术范围在逐渐扩大，外科医生在手术操作过程中的意外和手术风险也逐渐提高。腹腔镜肝切除术中副损伤主要包括胆管损伤、术中出血、膈肌损伤、气体栓塞等。当在术中发生意外损伤时，应立即正确辨别出损伤类型，并迅速采取对应的处理策略，及时处理损伤，避免造成更严重的后果。同时，在术中合理使用吲哚菁绿（ICG）荧光染色及实时超声等辅助技术，可减少术中副损伤的发生。     

The secrets of human stem cell-derived transfusable RBC for targeted large-scale production and clinical applications: A fresh look into what we need most and lessons to be learned

Blood transfusion, using the safest conventional blood bioproducts, is an irreplaceable part of substitution therapy. It is considered the most essential supportive clinical intervention aimed to restore the health of patients in need. Nevertheless, numerous unresolved problems are still associated with current blood substitution therapy. To alleviate our dependency on blood donors, many investigators have been focusing on the quest for stem cell-derived blood cells in line with major developments in the field of regenerative medicine. The main objective is to provide a safe and highly standardized universal cultured red cell concentrate [CRBC] for all clinical applications, regardless of blood groups. Currently, we are close to overcoming some of the main obstacles in culturing cells. This concise report is a prelude to the immortalized cell lines that are ready for in vivo clinical trials. It is only through the sharing of experimental ideas and knowledge-based strategies that we will be able to achieve such an enormous task and better understand ‘’the one for all concept’’ of CRBCs and their universal usage in all clinical settings.     

美国药品成本管理策略对我国医疗机构药品费用控制启示

目的：为控制我国药品费用的不合理增长和促进医疗机构药学服务提供参考。方法：分析美国卫生系统药师协会制定的药品成本管理策略，对比我国医疗机构卫生现状，从而提出完善医疗机构药学工作，进行药品控费的建议。结果：美国药品成本管理策略建议医疗机构基于往年采购量（或金额）和使用量（或金额）开展药品预算管理；规范临床药师素质及临床药学服务质量的同时常态化开展交互治疗；成立药师参与临床治疗且获取医务人员支持的治疗小组；制定药品处方集并将成本较低、效果明显的药品纳入电子处方管理系统；建立药品使用替换制度，严格规范药品替换流程。结论：我国医疗机构可以开展药品预算研究来控制药品使用金额；通过提升临床药师技能来增强药师职业认知；加强药师医师沟通以明确两者职能分工；注重药师处方集制定并管控药品不合理使用；完善药品替换制度来规范药品使用管理。