短时程脊髓电刺激治疗爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹的临床研究

目的探讨短时程脊髓电刺激(temporary spinal cord stimulation, tSCS)治疗爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹的临床疗效。方法回顾性地分析同济大学附属第十人民医院疼痛科2020年1月—2020年12月收治的52例接受tSCS治疗的爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹患者的临床资料，评估在治疗前、治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的总体疼痛情况(numerical rating scale, NRS)评分、(simple McGill scores, McGill)评分、爆发痛情况(发生率、NRS评分、次数以及持续时间)、触诱发痛情况(发生率、分级)、术后不良反应等；评估在治疗前、治疗后7d、3个月、6个月的睡眠时长、睡眠中醒来次数、疼痛障碍指数(pain disorder index, PDI)、功能状态评分(Karnofsky score, KPS)、抑郁症筛查量表(patient health questionnaire depression module scale, PHQ-9)和焦虑症筛查量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale, GAD-7)等。结果与治疗前相比，治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的总体疼痛NRS评分、总体疼痛MCGILL评分、静息痛NRS评分明显降低(均P<0.001)；与治疗前相比，治疗后3d、7d、14d、3个月、6个月的的爆发痛NRS评分明显降低(均P<0.05)，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月时的爆发痛次数以及持续时间都明显降低(均P<0.05)；与治疗前比较，患者治疗后7d、14d、3个月、6个月时的触诱发痛的分级都明显降低，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)；与治疗前相比，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月的PDI评分明显降低(P<0.05)；与治疗前相比，治疗后14d、3个月、6个月的PHQ-9评分和GAD-7评分都明显减少(P<0.05)，与术前的药物使用情况相比，治疗后各镇痛药使用人数普遍呈下降趋势；术中及整个随访期间未观察到严重不良事件。结论短时程脊髓电刺激对爆发痛合并触诱发痛的急性期带状疱疹具有较好的临床疗效。     

原发性免疫缺陷病和脊髓性肌萎缩症临床特点及新生儿早期联合筛查实践

原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)及脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)均是由基因突变引起的能严重影响儿童健康甚至导致死亡的遗传性出生缺陷,早期发现和及时诊断治疗是影响预后的关键,新生儿筛查是目前实现早期诊断和干预的有效手段。近年来部分国家和地区已将SMA和PID中最为严重的重症联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)和最常见的B细胞缺乏症X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(XLA)纳入新生儿筛查范围。浙江省在国内首次开展对SCID、XLA和SMA三种遗传性疾病的新生儿早期联合筛查实践,极大地提高了筛查效率,使出生缺陷三级预防关口前移,有助于显著改善患者的预后、提高生活质量、降低死亡率。     

仿真模拟教学在脊髓损伤患者间歇导尿操作中应用探索

目的:探索仿真模拟教学在脊髓损伤患者/家属实施自主导尿操作的临床效果。方法:将我科2017年5月~2017年12月收治72例脊髓损伤致神经源性膀胱患者按随机数字表法分为观察组38例和对照组34例,对照组采用常规方法,观察组采用仿真模拟教学,由护士对患者/家属进行导尿操作培训,患者/家属操作熟练后方可行导尿操作,比较两组患者/家属清洁间歇导尿操作掌握情况、培训满意度、导尿成功情况、干预前后日常生活能力及生存满意度改变情况。结果:观察组对于仿真模拟教学满意度高,培训后导尿操作成功率高,且患者日常生活能力及生存满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在间歇导尿操作培训中对患者/家属应用仿真模拟教学方法有利于提高其导尿操作熟练度,提高导尿成功率,增加患者的满意度,值得临床推荐。     

Severe lumbar spinal stenosis combined with Guillain-Barré syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUNDGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder that typically presents with ascending weakness, pain, paraesthesias, and numbness, which mimic the findings in lumbar spinal stenosis. Here, we report a case of severe lumbar spinal stenosis combined with GBS.CASE SUMMARYA 70-year-old man with a history of lumbar spinal stenosis presented to our emergency department with severe lower back pain and lower extremity numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of severe lumbar spinal stenosis. However, his symptoms did not improve postoperatively and he developed dysphagia and upper extremity numbness. An electromyogram was performed. Based on his symptoms, physical examination, and electromyogram, he was diagnosed with GBS. After 5 d of intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4 g/kg/d for 5 d) therapy, he gained 4/5 of strength in his upper and lower extremities and denied paraesthesias. He had regained 5/5 of strength in his extremities when he was discharged and had no symptoms during follow-up.CONCLUSIONGBS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal disorder, even though magnetic resonance imaging shows severe lumbar spinal stenosis. This case highlights the importance of a careful diagnosis when a patient has a history of a disease and comes to the hospital with the same or similar symptoms.     

急性重度颈脊髓损伤患者临床特征分析及远期死亡危险因素初探

目的:总结重度创伤性颈脊髓损伤患者临床特征,分析影响其远期死亡的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1月1日～2018年5月31日收治的207例重度颈脊髓损伤患者临床特点,统计其人口学特征(性别、年龄等)、致伤因素、损伤特点(责任节段、AISA分级、合并伤等)、住院治疗情况(是否手术、手术方式、手术时机等)和并发症以及远期死亡情况,建立二元Logistic回归模型分析远期死亡的危险因素。结果:男性183例,女性24例,男女比例为7.63∶1,年龄15～74岁,平均44.7±13.7岁,以高能量损伤(包括高处坠落、车祸、重物砸伤以及其他复合伤)多见(159例,76.8%),50岁以下患者134例(64.73%),损伤节段C1～C2(3例,1.4%)、C3(28例,13.5%)、C4～C5(124例,58%)、C6(25例,12.1%)、C7(26例,12.6%)、C8(5例,2.4%),所有患者治疗受伤至住院时间3.6±3.5d,住院时间为16.2±16.9d;住院期间以呼吸系统(63例,30.4%)和水电解质紊乱(25例,12.1%)为主要并发症。8年间总死亡率为30.91%(64例),多元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥50岁、C1-C4损伤、保守治疗、需要呼吸机辅助呼吸是远期死亡的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:重度创伤性颈脊髓损伤常见于中青年男性患者,损伤部位好发于C4、C5节段,以高能量暴力创伤为主;高龄、上颈椎损伤、未行手术减压及合并呼吸功能障碍易导致患者远期死亡。     

The effect of level of injury and physical activity on heart rate variability following spinal cord injury

Objective/Background: To assess frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters at rest and in response to postural autonomic provocations in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and investigate the autonomic influences on the heart of different physical activities.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Ten subjects with complete cervical SCI and fourteen subjects with complete low thoracic SCI were prospectively recruited from the community and further divided in sedentary and physically active groups, the latter defined as regular weekly 4 hour physical activity for the preceding 3 months. Sixteen healthy individuals matched for sex and age were recruited to participate in the control group. The Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF) powers and the LF/HF ratio of HRV were measured from continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings at rest and after sitting using a fast Fourier transformation.

Outcome measures: The LF,HF, and the LF/HF ratio at rest and after sitting.

Results: A significant decrease in all HRV parameters in patients with SCI was found compared to controls. The change in HF, LF and LF/HF following sitting maneuver was significantly greater in controls as compared with the SCI group and greater in subjects with paraplegia as compared to subjects with tetraplegia. Better HRV values and enhanced vagal activity appears to be related to the type of physical activity in active subjects with paraplegia.

Conclusion: In this cohort of subjects spectral parameters of HRV were associated with the level of the injury. Passive standing was associated with higher HRV values in subjects with paraplegia.     

Tracking Spinal Cord Injury Functional Outcomes Across the Lifespan: Validation of Linking Coefficients

ObjectiveValidation of linking coefficients to transform Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Activity Measure (PEDI-SCI/AM) scores to adult Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI) scores.DesignThis cross-sectional study administered PEDI-SCI/AM and SCI-FI computerized adaptive tests (CATs) and short forms (SFs) to children with SCI and parents or caregivers.SettingHospitals, university, and rehabilitation institute.ParticipantsAbout 107 children with SCI and 96 parent or caregivers.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresLinking coefficients estimated SCI-FI (est-SCI-FI) scores from PEDI-SCI/AM scores for matched domains. Correlations between est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were calculated. If correlations exceeded the criterion linking (0.866), the following analyses to compare est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were conducted: paired t tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs 3, 1), percent of cases with absolute score differences at different thresholds.ResultsTwo matched domains, PEDI-SCI/AM Daily Routine/SCI-FI Self-Care and PEDI-SCI/AM General Mobility/SCI-FI Basic Mobility, met the linking criterion for both respondent-types (parent and child) and administration modes (CAT and SF). PEDI-SCI/AM Daily Routine and SCI-FI Fine Motor Function did not meet linking criterion for respondent type or mode. The linking criterion was met for wheelchair domains (child SF and CAT) and ambulation domains (child SF only). Significant differences between est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were noted for all matched domains except Daily Routine/Self-Care (child SF only; parent SF and CAT). ICC values showed excellent agreement (range=0.75-0.89). Absolute differences between est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were less than 1 standard deviation (except wheelchair CAT child).ConclusionsLinking coefficients applied to PEDI-SCI/AM scores can provide valid SCI-FI estimates that vary by domain, mode, and respondent type.