Efficacy and Safety of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PurposeTo assess the critical role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), as the data with respect to the safety and outcome of TIPS in patients with BCS are scarce because of the rarity of the disease.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive search of literature of various databases from 2000 to October 2021 was conducted for studies evaluating the outcome of TIPS in patients with BCS. The primary outcomes of the analysis were technical and clinical success, adverse events and mortality associated with TIPS, dysfunction of TIPS, need for TIPS revision, need for liver transplantation (LT), and 1-year survival.ResultsA total of 33 studies (1,395 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled rates and 95% confidence intervals of various outcomes were 98.6% (97.6–99.7) for technical success, 90.3% (86.0–94.6) for clinical success, 10.0% (6.5–13.6) for major adverse events, 0.5% (0.2–1.0) for TIPS-related mortality, 11.6% (7.8–15.4) for post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 40.1% (32.5–47.7) for TIPS dysfunction, 8.6% (4.9–12.4) for the need for TIPS revision, 4.5% (2.8–6.2) for the need for LT, and 94.6% (93.1–96.1) for 1-year survival. Publication bias was seen with all outcomes except for post-TIPS HE, TIPS dysfunction, and the need for LT.ConclusionsThe existing literature supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of TIPS in the treatment of BCS. Deciding the optimal timing of TIPS in BCS needs further studies.     

卡托普利对左向右分流先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者的血液动力学影响观察

目的观察卡托普利对左向右分流先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者的血液动力学影响。方法随机选取2018年5月～2019年5月我院左向右分流先天性心脏病患者30例,给予所有患者卡托普利治疗,治疗前、治疗后3～5 d分别采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(麦瑞Resona 75型)对患者的血液动力学指标进行检测,然后统计分析30例患者治疗前后的血液动力学。结果 30例患者治疗后的PAMP、AMP、TSR均显著低于治疗前(P0.05)。30例患者中治疗后19例TPR/TSR上升,11例TPR/TSR下降。TPR/TSR上升患者治疗后的AMP、TSR、Qp/Qs均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),TPR/TSR、Qs均显著高于治疗前(P0.05);TPR/TSR下降患者治疗后的PAMP、AMP、PAMP/AMP、TPR、TPR/TSR均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),Qp/Qs显著高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前TPR/TSR上升患者的TPR/TSR显著低于TPR/TSR下降患者(P0.05),但二者的PAMP、AMP、PAMP/AMP、TPR、TSR、Qp、Qs、Qp/Qs之间的差异均不显著(P0.05)。结论卡托普利能够有效降低左向右分流先天性心脏病患者的肺动脉高压,但会提升患者的Qp/Qs。     

一种诊断脑室-腹腔分流装置梗阻的方法

目的 介绍一种诊断脑室腹腔分流装置梗阻的方法。方法 选择2014年8月至2018年3月收治的腹腔分流术后病人32例，其中分流装置梗阻16例（梗阻组），分流装置通畅16例（对照组）。病人先平躺1 h后改坐位，将0.1 ml 5%葡萄糖溶液注射入贮液囊，20 min后抽0.1 ml，用生理盐水将其稀释1倍后应用血糖仪检测葡萄糖浓度。结果 对照组贮液囊内葡萄糖浓度[（6.6±1.6）mmol/L]较梗阻组[（31.9±2.8）mmol/L]明显下降（P<0.05）。梗阻组病人入院后均行脑室-腹腔分流管调整术，手术证实分流装置梗阻，术后病人颅内压增高症状消失，术后3 d复查头颅CT结果显示脑室体积较术前减小11例，无明显变化5例。结论 此方法可检测分流管内脑脊液的流动情况，为诊断分流装置梗阻提供一种新的方法。     

Pseudoquistes abdominales,una complicación rara de los sistemas de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Since the first report in 1954, abdominal pseudocysts have been recognized as a particularly uncommon complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts of CSF, so their etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management remain very controversial.Our objective is to offer a critical and updated systematic review of those controversial points, using a thorough search and review of the most relevant literature available.The clinical presentation of pseudocysts is normally through non-specific abdominal symptoms. The most validated etiology consists on the existence of a concomitant infection of the CSF shunt system, and so, treatment needs of antibiotherapy and total or partial substitution of the system. However, the pseudocyst itself doesn’t need an active treatment, except for some specific cases. This management, algorithmically presented in the present work, achieves a lower recurrence rate than other options, but this one is still important, and is also associated with other complications of those shunts related with several other factors which need to be taken in account.     

Same-Day Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Feasibility with Resin Microspheres

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a same-day yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization protocol with resin microspheres (including pretreatment angiography, lung shunt fraction [LSF] determination, and radioembolization) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

Ethnoracial Disparity in Hospital Survival following Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Acute Variceal Bleeding in the United States

PurposeTo investigate the magnitude of racial/ethnic differences in hospital mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation for acute variceal bleeding and whether hospital care processes contribute to them.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years undergoing TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding in the United States (n = 10,331) were identified from 10 years (2007–2016) available in the National Inpatient Sample. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between patient race and inpatient mortality, controlling for disease severity, treatment utilization, and hospital characteristics.ResultsA total of 6,350 (62%) patients were White, 1,780 (17%) were Hispanic, and 482 (5%) were Black. A greater proportion of Black patients were admitted to urban teaching hospitals (Black, n = 409 (85%); Hispanic, n = 1,310 (74%); and White, n = 4,802 (76%); P < .001) and liver transplant centers (Black, n = 215 (45%); Hispanic, n = 401 (23%); and White, n = 2,267 (36%); P < .001). Being Black was strongly associated with mortality (Black, 32% vs non-Black, 15%; odds ratio, 3.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.6–5.8]; P = .001), as assessed using the risk-adjusted regression model. This racial disparity disappeared in a sensitivity analysis including only patients with a maximum Child-Pugh score of 13 (odds ratio 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 0.4–3.6]; P = .68), performed to compensate for the absence of Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores. Ethnoracial differences in access to teaching hospitals, liver transplant centers, first-line endoscopy, and transfusion did not significantly contribute (P > .05) to risk-adjusted mortality.ConclusionsBlack patients have a 2-fold higher inpatient mortality than non-Black patients following TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding, possibly related to greater disease severity before the procedure.     

Recanalization of Chronic Noncirrhotic,Nonmalignant Splanchnic Thromboses is Feasible: A Transsplenic Assisted Patient-Tailored Approach

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of recanalization of chronic noncirrhotic, nonmalignant splanchnic thromboses with a transsplenic assisted patient-tailored approach with or without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation. In this retrospective study, 10 patients (median age, 48.4 years; interquartile range, 5.1 years) underwent revascularization between November 2016 and August 2020. Portal cavernoma was present in all patients, with complete splenic vein thrombosis in 70%. The technical success rate was 80%. Additional TIPS creation was performed in 5 (50%) patients. At a median follow-up of 19.3 months (interquartile range, 17.9 months), the primary and secondary patency rate was 70% and 100%, respectively. During follow-up, 1 patient died due to recurrent upper gastrointestinal variceal hemorrhage. In conclusion, percutaneous transsplenic assisted recanalization of chronic noncirrhotic, nonmalignant splanchnic thromboses is feasible. However, multiple access points may still be needed. Additional TIPS creation appears to be necessary only in case of insufficient portal venous flow into the liver.     

Mechanistic insight,diagnosis, and treatment of ammonia‐induced hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychological syndrome due to biochemical disturbance of brain function in advanced liver disease patients. Diagnosis and treatment of the condition is very demanding and has negative toll on finances with increased healthcare utilization. The pathophysiology is not completely understood; however, there is evidence that ammonia plays an important role in the etiology. Conventional methods of solely relying on blood ammonia level to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy did not help much; likewise, the use of lactulose alone in treating hepatic encephalopathy has also been discouraged. This paper analyzed the current knowledge regarding the mechanism of how ammonia disrupts the normal brain function as well as the use of latest diagnosing tools including those under development to evaluate the neuropsychiatric state of patients and their quality of life. The efficacies of lactulose and rifaximin combination for short‐term and long‐term treatment in addition to nutritional interventions and other drugs undergoing clinical trials were also reviewed.