再就业市场浅谈

随着我国经济体制改革，特别是国有企业体制改革的深入。失业作为社会经济发展过程中不可避免的附属物出现，再就业就成为社会经济发展的必然趋势。本文就我国再就业市场提出的几点思考：1．转变再就业观念；2．广泛建立再就业市场；3．建立再就业指导及咨询制度；4．正确运用失业救济金；5．建立再就业培训制度进行了阐述。     

某三甲医院73名护士离职原因及再就业情况调查分析

目的分析某三甲医院73名护士离职原因及再就业情况,探讨提高护士工作满意度,减少护士离职的对策。方法对73名护士采取电话访谈方式了解离职原因及再就业情况。结果护士离职的主要原因依次为护理工作紧张压力大(87.67%)、工作环境不满意(50.69%),科室人际关系紧张(41.10%)及考取外单位在编编制(38.36%)等6项原因。再就业包括继续从事护理专业(56.16%)、非护理专业(10.96%)、暂时休息(20.55%)等。结论应合理配置护士人力资源,缓解工作压力,实施更为人性化的管理,做好护士职业生涯规划等,以提高护士工作满意度,降低离职率。     

不同群体工伤职工流行病学及再就业情况调查

目的：了解不同群体工伤职工流行病学及再就业情况，为工伤预防和职业康复提供依据。方法：467名工伤职工按户口性质分为本地工组（220例）和外来工组（247例），对流行病学和再就业情况进行调查分析。结果：本地工组和外来工组在性别组成、年龄、受伤部位、受伤原因、受伤类型、伤前职业等方面比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），而在文化程度、伤残程度、就业欲望和实际就业情况等方面差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：不同群体工伤职工在流行病学方面存在明显差别．在进行工伤预防和职业康复时应根据各自特点进行。     

Modified Work and Return to Work: A Review of the Literature

Workplace injuries which result in lost time from work can have considerable financial repercussions for employer and employee alike, not to mention their physical and emotional impact on the employee. In order to lessen workers' compensation costs and facilitate the rehabilitation process, some employers offer modified work to their injured employees in order to allow an earlier return to work than would ordinarily be possible. Although modified work is regarded by many as a cornerstone in the job rehabilitation process, little is known about the structure, effectiveness, and efficiency of such programs. This report is a systematic review of the scientific literature on modified work published since 1975. Its objective is to synthesize and critically appraise the research on modified work, and, specifically, to assess the effectiveness of modified work programs. Using a systematic keyword search in three online libraries, 29 empirical studies of modified work programs were selected for review. The studies were evaluated for methodological quality, from which 13 higher quality studies were identified. On the basis of these 13 studies, the effectiveness of modified work programs was evaluated. The main finding of this review is that modified work programs facilitate return to work for temporarily and permanently disabled workers. Injured workers who are offered modified work return to work about twice as often as those who are not. Similarly, modified work programs cut the number of lost work days in half. The available evidence also suggests that modified work programs are cost-effective. Comprehensive cost-benefit analyses are needed to confirm this finding.     

Physical training and occupational rehabilitation after aortic valve replacement

Forty-four patients were tested 2, 6 and 12 months after anisolated aortic valve implantation in order to evaluate theinfluence of training and vocational assistance on physicalwork capacity and the rate of reemployment. They were randomlyallocated to a training group (A) or a control group (B). Trainingwas carried out from the eighth to the twelfth week after operationand the socio-occupational status was evaluated. Training increasedphysical work capacity, expressed as cumulated work (CW), by58 per cent (P <0.001), decreased the rate–pressureproduct (RPP) by 13 per cent (P <0.001) and the rate of perceivedexertion (RPE) by 13 per cent (P<0.001) at the highest comparablework load. The CW was 38 per cent higher in the training thanthe control group after 6 (P<0.02) and 37 per cent after12 months (P<0.025). After one year 81 per cent in groupA and 65 per cent in group B were working (NS). Reemploymentcorrelated significantly with the CW and inversely with theduration of sick leave prior to operation. Thus, physical trainingshortly after aortic valve operation rapidly and persistentlyimproves physical work capacity while return to work is lessinfluenced by training and socio vocational assistance.     

Physical training and occupational rehabilitation after aortic valve replacement

Forty-four patients were tested 2, 6 and 12 months after anisolated aortic valve implantation in order to evaluate theinfluence of training and vocational assistance on physicalwork capacity and the rate of reemployment. They were randomlyallocated to a training group (A) or a control group (B). Trainingwas carried out from the eighth to the twelfth week after operationand the socio-occupational status was evaluated. Training increasedphysical work capacity, expressed as cumulated work (CW), by58 per cent (P <0.001), decreased the rate–pressureproduct (RPP) by 13 per cent (P <0.001) and the rate of perceivedexertion (RPE) by 13 per cent (P<0.001) at the highest comparablework load. The CW was 38 per cent higher in the training thanthe control group after 6 (P<0.02) and 37 per cent after12 months (P<0.025). After one year 81 per cent in groupA and 65 per cent in group B were working (NS). Reemploymentcorrelated significantly with the CW and inversely with theduration of sick leave prior to operation. Thus, physical trainingshortly after aortic valve operation rapidly and persistentlyimproves physical work capacity while return to work is lessinfluenced by training and socio vocational assistance.