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1.
ContextMentoring has been identified as an important method of supporting newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) during their transition to practice. Gaining a better understanding of this relationship could provide valuable insights that may assist employers and professional programs in developing a plan to better facilitate the transition.ObjectiveTo examine which aspects of the mentoring relationship provided the most benefit during the transition to practice of newly certified ATs.DesignQualitative study.SettingIndividual phone interviews.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 13 ATs who graduated from a professional master''s program, were certified from February through July 2016, and obtained employment from July through August 2016 participated in this study (6 women, 7 men; age = 26 ± 3 years; work settings included professional sports, college, secondary and middle school, and clinic). Data saturation guided the number of participants.Data Collection and AnalysisPhone interviews using a semistructured interview guide were conducted at 3, 8, and 12 months of work experience. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Credibility was established via investigator triangulation, peer debriefing, and member checks.ResultsParticipants recognized the mentoring relationship as a foundational aspect of the transition to practice. Mentors should be available by phone, email, or text to answer questions, provide feedback, or discuss ideas. Respondents wanted honest feedback, even when that feedback was constructively critical. Feedback was sought regarding topics such as patient care, communication, and networking. Participants needed reassurance and support from their mentors to help validate and improve their self-confidence.ConclusionsNewly credentialed ATs should seek mentors who will be available to communicate in various ways and will provide regular and constructive feedback. Future researchers should investigate how mentoring relationships influence other aspects of the transition to practice, such as patient care, overall job performance, turnover, and satisfaction.  相似文献   
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Purpose: A systematic review was performed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of augmented visual feedback-based treatments for motor rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease, and (2) examine treatment design factors associated with enhanced outcomes following these treatments.

Methods: Eight databases were searched from their start-date up to January 2017 using the key terms Parkinson’s Disease and augmented visual feedback. Two independent raters screened the abstracts and full articles for inclusion. Relevant data were extracted and summarized, and methodological quality of accepted articles was assessed.

Results: Eight single-group studies and 10 randomized control trials were included in the review. Augmented visual feedback-based treatments resulted in improved outcomes with small to large effect sizes post-treatment for the majority of impairment, activity, participation, and global motor function measures, and these improvements were often superior to traditional rehabilitation/education programs. Enhanced treatment outcomes were observed in studies that provided large amounts and high intensities of treatment; gamified feedback; and provided knowledge of performance feedback in real-time on 100% of practice trials.

Conclusion: Augmented visual feedback appears to be a useful motor rehabilitation tool in Parkinson’s disease; however, high-quality, rigorous studies remain limited. Future studies should consider factors that enhance rehabilitation outcomes when designing augmented visual feedback-based interventions.

  • Implications for rehabilitation
  • Augmented visual feedback is a useful tool for motor rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease; augmented visual feedback-based treatments are often superior to traditional programs.

  • These treatments are associated with improved outcomes in impairment, activity, participation, and global motor function domains.

  • Rehabilitation professionals can optimize their use of augmented visual feedback-based treatments by providing large amounts and a high intensity of treatment, gamifying feedback, and providing knowledge of performance feedback in real-time and at a high frequency.

  相似文献   
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) has major public health implications, and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Sensorimotor incongruence (SMI)—an ongoing mismatch between top-down motor output and predicted sensory feedback—may play a role in the course of chronic nonspecific low back pain. The hypothesis of this study was that the induction of SMI causes sensory disturbances and/or pain in people with CLBP and healthy volunteers. A sample of 66 people (33 people with CLBP and 33 healthy volunteers) participated in a visual feedback experiment involving real-time images of their own lower backs—either during movement or in a static position—provided via a live video feed. Experimental SMI was induced via distorting visual feedback of the lower back during movement. There were no significant differences in sensory disturbances or pain intensity between experimental SMI and the other movement conditions in people with CLBP and healthy volunteers (P > .05). Static visual feedback had a significant effect on the intensity of sensory disturbances in people with CLBP (P?=?.038) and healthy volunteers (P < .001). In conclusion, experimental SMI did not affect sensory disturbances or pain in either group. Therefore, the research hypothesis was not supported.

Perspective

The results of this study show that sensorimotor incongruence does not cause additional symptoms and pain in people with chronic low back pain. The conceptual premise that sensorimotor incongruence is an underlying contributor in the course of pain in this population is not supported.  相似文献   
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目的:为探讨线上积极自我呈现、线上积极反馈、自尊与人际困扰的关系。方法:采用人际关系综合诊断量表、社交网站积极反馈问卷、社交网站自我呈现问卷和自尊量表,对内蒙古地区1069名大学生进行调查,使用SPSS进行描述性分析,使用Mplus进行多重中介效应分析。结果:(1)线上积极自我呈现、线上积极反馈、自尊均与人际困扰间呈显著负相关,积极自我呈现、线上积极反馈、自尊三者间两两呈显著正相关。(2)线上积极自我呈现对人际困扰的影响通过三条中介路後发生作用,分别通过自尊与线上积极反馈的独立中介作用,以及线上积极反馈与自尊的链式中介作用。结论:线上积极自我呈现不但能使大学生获得更多线上积极反馈和提高自尊水平,而且还能通过二者中介作用缓解人际困扰。  相似文献   
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目的:研究植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗根、茎、叶次生代谢产物的影响。方法:通过温室盆栽试验,分别对未种植过刺五加的土壤(1组),连续3年种植刺五加的土壤(2组)和多年种植刺五加的土壤(3组),分别种植刺五加1年生幼苗,并对其根、茎、叶的次生代谢产物进行分析。结果:L-苯丙氨酸,原儿茶酸,刺五加苷B,绿原酸,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁,金丝桃苷,槲皮素在多年生长刺五加土壤种植,对刺五加幼苗叶和根均有显著性差异,但在茎中绿原酸和刺五加苷E无显著性差异。其中刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁和金丝桃苷在多年生刺五加土壤种植的幼苗叶中未检出。在刺五加幼苗的根中,多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈;在刺五加幼苗的茎中,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,金丝桃苷,槲皮素呈现负反馈;在刺五加幼苗的叶中多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈。结论:植物和土壤在刺五加幼苗生长过程不同部位呈现出不同的反馈情况,整体而言,未种植过刺五加的土壤对刺五加幼苗的次生代谢产物更具优势。研究结果为阐述植物-土壤反馈对刺五加的影响提供研究基础,并为人工栽培刺五加提供了理论依据和技术支持。  相似文献   
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The terrestrial biosphere is currently a strong carbon (C) sink but may switch to a source in the 21st century as climate-driven losses exceed CO2-driven C gains, thereby accelerating global warming. Although it has long been recognized that tropical climate plays a critical role in regulating interannual climate variability, the causal link between changes in temperature and precipitation and terrestrial processes remains uncertain. Here, we combine atmospheric mass balance, remote sensing-modeled datasets of vegetation C uptake, and climate datasets to characterize the temporal variability of the terrestrial C sink and determine the dominant climate drivers of this variability. We show that the interannual variability of global land C sink has grown by 50–100% over the past 50 y. We further find that interannual land C sink variability is most strongly linked to tropical nighttime warming, likely through respiration. This apparent sensitivity of respiration to nighttime temperatures, which are projected to increase faster than global average temperatures, suggests that C stored in tropical forests may be vulnerable to future warming.Terrestrial ecosystems have been a substantial net sink of anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions since the 1960s (14), but the terrestrial C sink could switch to a C source in the 21st century, resulting in a positive C cycle-climate feedback that would accelerate global surface warming with potentially major consequences for the biosphere (57). The interannual variability of the terrestrial C sink can help constrain our understanding of C/climate feedbacks and identify regions and mechanisms of the terrestrial C cycle that are most sensitive to climate parameters, shedding light on the future of the sink and its possible transition to a source (8). Currently, several major drivers have been shown to be correlated with the interannual variability of the terrestrial C sink, including (i) tropical temperature, which is tightly coupled to interannual variability in the atmospheric growth rate (AGR) of CO2 (8, 9); (ii) tropical drought stress, including major droughts in the Amazon (1012), which has been suggested to underlie increasing sensitivity of the AGR to tropical temperature over the period from 1959–2010 (13); (iii) temperature and precipitation variability in semiarid regions (14, 15); and (iv) average minimum daily (hereafter “nighttime”) temperatures, which studies of several local field sites in the tropics have found play a major role in interannual productivity (1618).Determining the mechanism underlying the interannual variability of the terrestrial C sink, including the relative roles of precipitation vs. temperature stress and their effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) vs. total respiration (both autotrophic and heterotrophic; R), is critical to predict the sink’s future and to improve Earth system models. Here, we quantify changes in the interannual variability of the terrestrial C sink over the past half-century and then statistically evaluate four hypotheses that the variability of the terrestrial sink is most strongly influenced by (i) tropical mean temperature, (ii) tropical precipitation, (iii) precipitation and temperature in semiarid regions, and (iv) nighttime tropical temperatures. We combine multiple simulations from an atmospheric mass balance of the land C sink [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)] from 1959 to 2010, remote sensing-modeled datasets of vegetation greenness and GPP from 1982 to 2010, and global gridded climate datasets to constrain globally the fundamental equation NEE = GPP − R and the relative sensitivities of each component to temperature and precipitation. We draw on a combination of model selection and partial correlation analysis to provide relative likelihood estimates of each driver and to account for covariation between predictor variables (e.g., tropical mean temperature vs. nighttime temperature).  相似文献   
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