The proteome microenvironment determines the protective effect of preconditioning in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

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Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen and Preconditioning on Wound Healing in Colonic Anastomoses

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and HBO preconditioning (pre-HBO) on experimental wound healing and tensile strength in the colonic anastomosis of rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three random groups of equal numbers: sham operation, pre-HBO, and HBO. Sham group was given standard left colon resection and end-to-end anastomosis; pre-HBO group received HBO as one dose + colonic resection + anastomosis; HBO group was given colonic resection + anastomosis + HBO. HBO was administrated at 24-hr intervals and relaparatomy was performed on the fifth day. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and hydroxy (OH)-proline levels and anastomotic burst pressure were evaluated. Results: Burst pressure and OH-proline levels markedly increased in the HBO group compared with the sham and pre-HBO groups. When compared with the sham group, MDA and MPO levels were significantly decreased in the HBO and pre-HBO groups. In contrast to these findings, SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased in the HBO group as compared with the sham and pre-HBO groups. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 values were detected at low levels in the HBO group as compared with other groups. Conclusions: HBO administration accelerated wound healing and strengthened the anastomotic tissue. In the light of these results, the HBO administration has beneficial effects and contributed to wound healing in colonic anastomosis. But, as expected, pre-HBO did not alter the results significantly.     

三种不同肠内营养支持方案对胃癌胃切除病人预后影响的比较

目的比较三种不同肠内营养支持方案对胃癌胃切除病人临床结局的影响。方法纳入90例术前营养风险筛查无风险的胃癌胃切除病人,围术期分别接受三种不同肠内营养支持方案,回顾性分析三种方案的营养支持效果、不良反应,以及术后住院时长、术后并发症发生率等指标。将90例病人分为A、B、C三组,A组(肠道预适应组):术前常规进食+术前口服、术后管饲整肠内营养混悬液[整蛋白-中链三酰甘油(TP-MCT)];B组(整蛋白组):术前常规进食、术后管饲肠内营养混悬液(TP-MCT);C组(短肽组):术前常规进食、术后管饲肠内营养混悬液[短肽(SP)]。比较三组病人术前及术后第1、7天营养指标(白蛋白、总白蛋白、前白蛋白);术前及术后第7天人体测量指标:体重、体质量指数、上臂围、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围,人体成分指标以及术前及术后第1、3、7天胰岛素抵抗指标(血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数)。同时观察比较三组并发症的发生情况、术后肠功能恢复时间、恢复流质饮食时间、耐受经口进食时间、术后住院时长。结果三组病人术后营养相关指标、胰岛素抵抗指标,以及术后住院时长差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。A组术后腹胀例数显著低于B组(P<0.05),与C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C组腹胀例数与B组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组术后感染例数显著低于B组(P<0.05),C组感染例数与B组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与C组术后胃瘫例数显著低于B组(P<0.05),A组与C组间差异无统计学意义;A组与C组术后恢复经口进食时间显著早于C组(P<0.05),A组与C组间差异无统计学意义。结论三种营养支持方案在改善术后营养状况以及住院时长方面差异无统计学意义。对于术前无营养风险的病人,术前3 d常规口服肠内营养混悬液(TP-MCT)行肠道预适应,能够减少术后腹胀等不良反应的发生,降低感染、胃瘫的发生率,尽早恢复病人经口进食,提高了病人术后使用肠内营养的依从性,有利于病人术后恢复。术前无肠道预适应病人,术后使用短肽型营养剂在不良反应、并发症的发生方面优于使用肠内营养混悬液(TP-MCT)。     

缺血预处理在肢体再灌注损伤中的保护作用及一氧化氮、内皮素1的变化

目的分析无创性肢体缺血预处理(IPC)对肢体缺血再灌注损伤的干预效果以及NO和ET-1的变化。方法30只大鼠随机均分为对照组和实验组,对照组未经过缺血预处理,直接止血2、3、4 h;实验组经过缺血预处理后,于第2天分别止血2、3、4 h。依次于恢复肢体血流(再灌注)后1、3、7、14 d时抽取血液检测ET-1、NO的水平。结果大鼠体内NO和ET-1在第1、3、7、14天内呈先递增后递减的趋势,实验组NO在第3天缺血4 h时达最大值,对照组NO在第7天缺血2 h时达高峰;实验组ET-1在第7天缺血3h时达最大值,对照组ET-1在第3天4 h时达最大值,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组NO在大鼠血液中第1、3、7天的含量在缺血2 h和3 h时均显著低于对照组(P0.01);第14天时,仅缺血2 h时显著低于对照组(P0.01);实验组ET-1在大鼠血液中第1、3、7天的含量在缺血各时间段时均显著低于对照组(P0.01);第14天时,仅缺血3 h时显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论缺血预处理改变了缺血再灌注损伤后血清NO与ET-1的水平。     

Pharmacological priming of adipose‐derived stem cells for paracrine VEGF production with deferoxamine

Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) show great potentials in applications such as therapeutic angiogenesis, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Pharmacological preconditioning of stem cells to boost the release of cytoprotective factors may represent an effective way to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the aim was to determine whether deferoxamine can enhance the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from in vitro expanded ASCs. It is demonstrated that deferoxamine (50–300 μm ) upregulated VEGF expression in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent fashion. At the concentrations used, deferoxamine did not show any cytotoxic effects. The stimulatory effect of deferoxamine on VEGF expression was mediated by augmentation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 in ASCs, but independent of its antioxidant properties. Moreover, deferoxamine enhanced the paracrine effects of ASCs in promoting the regenerative functions of endothelial cells (migration and in vitro wound healing activities). This study provides evidence that deferoxamine might be a useful drug with low cell toxicity for pharmacological preconditioning of ASCs to enhance their capacity of VEGF production. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

缺血预处理对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的研究

目的探讨缺血预处理(IP)对硬化肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法Wistar雄性大鼠制成肝硬化模型。分两组:IP组离断肝周韧带,消除侧枝循环,用Pringle's法阻断肝门15min,然后恢复血供,关腹;C组只予以开、关腹。48 h后,再次Pringle's法阻断肝门30 min,恢复血供。用Western blotting法测IP后6、24、48 h肝组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达的水平;测再灌注1、3 h血清生化酶(ALT、AST、LDH)及再灌注3h肝组织中谷胱苷肽(GSH)水平;行病理学观察。结果IP后6 h,两组均有微量HSP70表达,至24-48hIP组HSP70表达显著增强,呈高水平;而C组中在各时点HSP70均无表达增强。再灌注1h,IP组的ALT、AST、LDH水平显著低于C组(P<0.01或P<0.05);再灌注3h,IP组的ALT、AST水平明显低于C组(P<0.01)而其肝组织中的GSH水平明显高于C组(P<0.05)。术后一周生存率IP组(93.10%)明显高于C组(73.33%)(P<0.05)。缺血再灌注后1、3h,IP组的肝细胞损伤明显轻于C组。结论在硬化大鼠肝脏中,IP启动内源性保护机制,诱导HSP70的大量表达,而HSP70通过增加或提高GSH的产生及其活性,清除自由基,减轻硬化肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。