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1.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是一种常见的睡眠障碍性疾病,长期的呼吸暂停和低通气可引起不同程度的低氧血症及高碳酸血症,继发组织缺氧,最终导致多器官功能损害,其中包括第8对颅神经-听神经的损害。临床观察中也发现了部分OSAHS患者出现了听力下降、耳鸣症状。本文在前人研究的基础上主要从四方面阐述OSAHS对听觉系统的损害:中耳压力的变化、胃食道反流对中耳的影响、缺氧对传导通路的损害、快速眼动时期(The rapid eye movement period,REM)剥夺引起微环境的改变。  相似文献   
2.
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
3.

Background

Glutamate plays a key role for post-ischaemic recovery of myocardial metabolism. According to post hoc analyses of the two GLUTAMICS trials, patients without diabetes benefit from glutamate with less myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Copeptin reflects activation of the Arginine Vasopressin system and is a reliable marker of heart failure but available studies in cardiac surgery are limited. We investigated whether glutamate infusion is associated with reduced postoperative rises of plasma Copeptin (p-Copeptin) after CABG.

Methods

A prespecified randomised double-blind substudy of GLUTAMICS II. Patients had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.30 or EuroSCORE II ≥3.0 and underwent CABG ± valve procedure. Intravenous infusion of 0.125 M L-glutamic acid or saline at 1.65 mL/kg/h was commenced 10–20 min before the release of the aortic cross-clamp and then continued for another 150 min P-Copeptin was measured preoperatively and postoperatively on day one (POD1) and day three. The primary endpoint was an increase in p-Copeptin from the preoperative level to POD1. Postoperative stroke ≤24 h and mortality ≤30 days were safety outcomes.

Results

We included 181 patients of whom 48% had diabetes. The incidence of postoperative mortality ≤30 days (0% vs. 2.1%; p = .50) and stroke ≤24 h (0% vs. 3.2%; p = .25) did not differ between the glutamate group and controls. P-Copeptin increased postoperatively with the highest values recorded on POD1 without significant inter-group differences. Among patients without diabetes, p-Copeptin did not differ preoperatively but postoperative rise from preoperative level to POD1 was significantly reduced in the glutamate group (73 ± 66 vs. 115 ± 102 pmol/L; p = .02). P-Copeptin was significantly lower in the Glutamate group on POD1 (p = .02) and POD 3 (p = .02).

Conclusions

Glutamate did not reduce rises of p-Copeptin significantly after moderate to high-risk CABG. However, glutamate was associated with reduced rises of p-Copeptin among patients without diabetes. These results agree with previous observations suggesting that glutamate mitigates myocardial dysfunction after CABG in patients without diabetes. Given the exploratory nature of these findings, they need to be confirmed in future studies.  相似文献   
4.
在艾滋病心理研究领域,心理痛苦作为一种新界定的负性情绪,日渐引起国内外研究者的关注,使用量表对其进行评价是最常用的评估方法。为此,本文分析了国内外应用较广泛、信效度较好的艾滋病心理痛苦评估工具,结果显示,国外相关研究较为成熟,已有较完善的评估量表,应用领域较广泛;而我国此方面的研究尚处于起步阶段,可在借鉴国外相关量表和研究的基础上,开发适合我国国情和文化背景的艾滋病心理痛苦评估工具。  相似文献   
5.
6.
【目的】观察荷芪散治疗痰瘀互结证2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的临床疗效及其对血清氧化三甲胺(TMAO)水平的影响。【方法】将40例痰瘀互结证T2DM合并CHD患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各20例。2组患者均给予降压、调脂及抗血小板聚集等西医基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予利拉鲁肽治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用荷芪散治疗,疗程为1个月。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、糖代谢指标、脂代谢指标、左心室功能相关指标、炎症因子、内皮素1(ET-1)以及肠道菌群代谢产物TMAO水平的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效和安全性。【结果】(1)疗效方面:治疗1个月后,观察组的总有效率为95.0%(19/20),对照组为70.0%(14/20),组间比较,观察组的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)中医证候积分方面:治疗后,2组患者的中医证候积分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对中医证候积分的下降作用明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)糖代谢相关指标方面:治疗后,2组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对FPG、2hPG、HbAlc、FINS、HOMA-IR的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(4)脂代谢相关指标方面:治疗后,2组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对TC、TG和LDL-C的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)炎性因子、血管内皮因子以及肠道菌群代谢产物方面:治疗后,2组患者血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、ET-1和TMAO水平均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组对血清IL-6、hs-CRP、ET-1和TMAO水平的下降作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(6)超声心动图方面:治疗后,2组患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口血流频谱E峰与A峰流速比值(E/A)均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),且观察组对LVEF、E/A的升高作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(7)治疗过程中,2组患者均未出现相关并发症及药物不良反应。【结论】荷芪散联合利拉鲁肽治疗痰瘀互结证T2DM合并CHD患者,可以提高临床疗效,降低中医证候积分,改善糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗,提高左心室功能,降低炎症因子以及ET-1的表达,并降低血清TMAO水平,其疗效优于单用利拉鲁肽治疗。  相似文献   
7.
目的 探讨影响山东省发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)发病的危险因素,为科学防制该病提供依据。方法 应用1∶2匹配的病例对照研究方法,调查收集病例、对照的基本情况、可疑暴露因素等信息,采用单因素和多因素的配对条件logistic回归分析发病危险因素。结果 本研究共纳入374例SFTS确诊病例和748例对照。分析结果显示,有病例接触史(OR = 5.84,95%CI:1.11~30.88)、有家养动物(OR = 1.74,95%CI: 1.02~2.96)、近1个月见过蜱(OR = 5.85,95%CI: 2.73~12.53)、近2周有蜱叮咬史(OR = 29.58,95%CI: 6.70~130.60)、从事田间作业(OR = 2.63,95%CI:1.41~4.91)、住宅周围环境有杂草/农作物/菜地(OR = 3.24,95%CI:1.74~6.05)和住宅卫生条件差(OR = 2.20,95%CI:1.32~3.66)是SFTS发病的危险因素(P<0.05),近1个月有亲邻发病(OR = 0.01,95%CI:0~0.03)、采取防护措施(OR = 0.21,95%CI:0.10~0.46)是SFTS发病的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 接触病例、饲养家养动物、蜱叮咬、无防护措施的野外作业及住宅周围环境卫生较差等是影响山东省SFTS发病的危险因素。应加强重点人群SFTS健康教育和行为干预,减少危险因素暴露,以控制SFTS传播。  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundPolypharmacy is commonly related to poor drug adherence, decreased quality of life and inappropriate prescribing in eldery. Furthermore, this condition also leads to a higher utilization of health services resources, due to the increased risk of adverse drug events, length of stays in hospitals and readmissions rates after discharge.ObjectiveThis Systematic Review aimed to synthesize the current evidence that evaluates pharmaceutical services on polymedicated patients, from an economic perspective.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies that were published until January 2021. Experimental and observational studies were included in this review, using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using the following tools: RoB and ROBINS-I. Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted the data.Results3,662 articles were retrieved from the databases. After the screening, 18 studies were included: 9 experimental and 9 observational studies. The studies reported that the integration of the pharmacist as a member of the healthcare team provides an optimized use of pharmacotherapy to polymedicated patients and contributes to health promotion, providing reduction of spending on medication, reduction of expenses related to emergency care and hospitalizations and other medical expenses. The ECRs made cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis, and most of the Non Randomized studies had statistically significant cost savings even considering the expenses of pharmaceutical assistance. Experimental studies reported a cost reduction varying between US$ 193 to US$ 4,966 per patient per year. Furthermore, observational studies estimated a cost reduction of varying from US$ 3 to US$ 2,505 per patient per year. The cost savings are related to decrease in emergency visits and hospitalizations, through pharmacist intervention (medication review and pharmacotherapy follow-up).ConclusionsConsidering the set of studies included, pharmaceutical care services directed to polymedicated patients may cooperate to save financial resources. Most of the interventions showed positive economic trends and also contributed to improving clinical parameters and quality of life. However, due to the majority of the studies having exploratory or qualitative methodology, it is essential to carry out more robust studies, based on full economic evaluation.  相似文献   
9.
目的探讨脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]联合单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(MHR)在非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者冠状动脉(冠脉)病变严重程度及预后中的评估及其价值。方法选择2020年3月至2021年3月安徽医科大学第一附属医院符合纳入标准的NSTE-ACS患者(n=310),依据冠脉造影结果进行Gensini评分,以Gensini积分的第3四分位数(QU=38)为切点,分为高危组(QU≥38,n=74)和非高危组(QU<38,n=236),比较其一般资料,并使用Logistic回归分析Lp(a)、MHR与冠脉病变严重程度的相关性;使用ROC曲线评估Lp(a)联合MHR评估冠脉病变严重程度及预后的价值。结果高危组和非高危组患者性别、吸烟史、高血压病、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、肾功能不全等病史、他汀药物应用发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高危组患者年龄、血Lp(a)水平和MHR均显著高于非高危组(P<0.01)。Spearman相关分析发现,Lp(a)和MHR分别与Gensini评分呈正相关(r=0.316,P<0.05;r=0.715,P<0.05)。Logistic多因素二元回归分析示,Lp(a)、年龄和MHR是冠脉高危病变的独立危险因素(P<0.01,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析示,Lp(a)和MHR联合检测对冠脉高危病变评估的AUC(0.854),分别大于Lp(a)和MHR单独检测的AUC(0.852、0.754);联合评估的敏感度73.0%,高于单独检测Lp(a)的55.6%,但低于MHR的82.4%;联合评估的特异度85.6%,高于Lp(a)及MHR单独检测(84.1%、61.9%)。ROC曲线分析示,Lp(a)和MHR联合对NSTE-ACS患者不良预后评估的AUC(0.800),分别大于Lp(a)和MHR单独检测的AUC(0.781、0.739);联合评估患者预后的敏感度为72.2%,高于Lp(a)及MHR单独检测(66.7%、66.7%);联合评估的特异度为81.9%,高于MHR单独检测的80.9%,但低于Lp(a)单独检测的84.8%。结论异常升高的血Lp(a)水平联合MHR对NSTE-ACS患者冠脉病变的严重程度和不良预后具有较高的判断价值。  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundSafe pharmaceutical care requires competent nurses with specific knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is unclear whether nursing students are adequately prepared to perform pharmaceutical care in practice. Mapping their pharmaceutical care competences can lead to a better understanding of the extent to which curricula fit expectations of the labour market.ObjectivesTo assess pharmaceutical care competences of final-year nursing students of different educational levels.DesignA cross-sectional survey design.SettingsIn 14 European countries, nursing schools who offer curricula for level 4 to 7 students were approached.ParticipantsThrough convenience sampling 1741 final-year student nurses of level 4 to 7 were included. Sampling strategies were country-specific.MethodsA web-platform was developed with an assessment of the level in which students mastered pharmaceutical care competences. Knowledge questions, case studies (basic/advanced level), self-reported practical skills and attitudes were evaluated.ResultsMean scores for knowledge questions differed significantly (p < 0.001) between level 5 (56/100), level 6 (68/100) and level 7 students (72/100). For basic cases level 5 students reached lower scores (64/100) compared with level 6 (71/100) and level 7 (72/100) students (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005). For more advanced cases no difference between levels was observed (overall mean 61/100). Most students (63–90 %) considered themselves skilled to perform pharmaceutical care and had positive attitudes towards their participation in pharmaceutical care (65–97 %).ConclusionsRelatively low knowledge scores were calculated for final-year student nurses. In some domains, lower levels of students might be insufficiently prepared to take up responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Our assessment can be used as a tool for educators to evaluate how prepared nursing students are for pharmaceutical care. Its further implementation for students of different educational levels will allow benchmarking between the levels, both within and between countries.  相似文献   
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