全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1498篇 |
免费 | 145篇 |
国内免费 | 65篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 14篇 |
儿科学 | 2篇 |
妇产科学 | 31篇 |
基础医学 | 103篇 |
口腔科学 | 111篇 |
临床医学 | 49篇 |
内科学 | 59篇 |
皮肤病学 | 115篇 |
神经病学 | 16篇 |
特种医学 | 29篇 |
外科学 | 135篇 |
综合类 | 141篇 |
预防医学 | 59篇 |
眼科学 | 40篇 |
药学 | 522篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 245篇 |
肿瘤学 | 36篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 35篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 43篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 68篇 |
2013年 | 151篇 |
2012年 | 85篇 |
2011年 | 88篇 |
2010年 | 58篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 74篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 54篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1708条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Alba Gómez-Benlloch Maximiliano Oliver Jeroni Nadal Gemma Julio Javier Elizalde 《国际眼科》2022,15(10):1683-1690
AIM: To describe prevalence and different clinical signs and management of cases with penetrating eye injuries during loco-regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery.
METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records was carried out, identifying cases of globe penetration secondary to peribulbar anesthesia injection during 5y activity in Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer.
RESULTS: A total of 17 460 needle-based ocular anesthesia procedures were performed in our centre and 4 cases of globe penetration were recorded with an estimated prevalence of 0.024%. Globe penetrations were always detected in the first 24h after surgery. Vitreous haemorrhage was found in all the cases. Two eyes presented retinal detachment and two eyes choroidal detachment (CD). The initial surgical approach was performed within the first 48h. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in three eyes and the fourth case remained only with air. Detachments were solved successfully in all the cases. Functional results varied among cases, depending on ocular remarkable antecedent and globe penetration with or without retinal or CD.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia is low in our centre. Physicians should consider the possibility of globe penetration in eyes with postoperative atypical appearance after loco-regional anesthesia. Immediate B-scan ultrasonography is recommended in suspicious cases with a dense vitreous haemorrhage. An early vitrectomy surgery in conjunction with laser or cryotherapy at the penetration sites is essential for good anatomical and functional results. 相似文献
2.
目的 建立猪关节软骨外植体模型,为药物递送修复骨关节炎关节软骨病损的作用提供一种简单经济的研究策略。 方法 体外无菌解剖分离猪膝关节软骨,使用活检组织穿孔器取直径为40 mm的小圆柱体。用无血清培养基培养外植体,荧光标记的Rhodamine B - Kartogenin(KGN)进行小分子药物渗透测试。药物渗透试验12 h、24 h、48 h,每个时间点设置3个重复组,获取外植体进行冰冻切片,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察外植体的结构及其体外培养系统中小分子药物在软骨层的渗透情况,通过Image J分析荧光强度。 结果 激光共聚焦显微镜观察,软骨外植体无血清培养模型在体外12 h、24 h、48 h均可维持正常的形态结构,小分子药物Rhodamine B-KGN呈红色荧光,48 h组荧光信号明显增强(P<0.01),随着时间的推移,药物不断渗入软骨外植体,进入外植体的药物逐渐增多。 结论 本研究建立一种猪软骨外植体模型,检测了小分子化合物KGN在软骨外植体中的渗透分布情况,为探讨药物递送对骨关节炎软骨病损的修复作用提供一个简单经济的评价模型。 相似文献
3.
4.
目的:探究中医定向透药治疗仪对癌性疼痛患者疼痛及生命质量的影响。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年12月柳州市中医医院肿瘤科收治的癌性疼痛患者120例作为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组采取三阶梯止痛疗法治疗,观察组采取中医定向透药治疗仪治疗,观察患者治疗后疼痛分级情况变化、治疗后1 d、治疗后7 d、治疗后14 d、2组患者疼痛评分(视觉模拟评分法,VAS)情况、镇痛起效时间、疼痛缓解持续时间、治疗前后爆发痛发作次数变化、美国东部肿瘤协作组体力状态评分表(ECOG)变化、治疗不良反应情况。结果:治疗前,2组患者疼痛分级情况、爆发痛发作次数、ECOG评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组患者疼痛分级情况、爆发痛发作次数、ECOG评分等指标均改善,观察组患者治疗后疼痛分级情况、爆发痛发作次数、ECOG评分等指标优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后1 d,2组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后7 d、治疗后14 d,观察组患者VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者镇痛起效时间、疼痛缓解持续时间均更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组出现1例便秘,1例恶心;观察组出现1例嗜睡,1例便秘,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中医定向透药治疗仪可减轻癌性疼痛患者疼痛,提升其生命质量。 相似文献
5.
生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 比较生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用及成分的变化。方法 将生姜炮制成干姜前后提取挥发油,皮肤电阻动力学实验和体外布洛芬透皮实验比较二者的促渗能力,ATR-FTIR红外分析挥发油透皮促渗主要机制,皮肤细胞毒性实验比较了生姜和干姜挥发油的细胞毒性,GC-MS分析成分变化。结果 干姜挥发油的透皮吸收促进作用显著优于生姜挥发油,其透皮促渗机制主要为对皮肤角质层脂质的萃取,而生姜和干姜挥发油的皮肤细胞毒性均显著低于化学促渗剂氮酮,炮制后干姜挥发油的倍半萜类成分比例高于生姜挥发油,透皮后干姜挥发油组皮内的倍半萜类成分比例也高于生姜挥发油组。结论 炮制后的干姜挥发油的透皮吸收作用优于生姜挥发油,验证了中药挥发油透皮吸收促进剂存在"热者易效"的规律。 相似文献
6.
7.
Krystyna Dąbrowska 《Medicinal research reviews》2019,39(5):2000-2025
Bacteriophages are not forgotten viruses anymore: scientists and practitioners seek to understand phage pharmacokinetics in animals and humans, investigating bacteriophages as therapeutics, nanocarriers or microbiome components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that determine phage circulation, penetration, and clearance, and that in consequence determine phage applicability for medicine. It makes use of experimental data collected by the phage community so far (PubMed 1924-2016, including non-English reports), combining elements of critical and systematic review. This study covers phage ability to enter a system by various routes of administration, how (and if) the phage may access various tissues and organs, and finally what mechanisms determine the courses of phage clearance. The systematic review method was applied to analyze (i) phage survival in the gut (gut transit) and (ii) phage ability to enter the mammalian system by many administration routes. Aspects that have not yet been covered by a sufficient number of reports for mathematical analysis, as well as mechanisms underlying trends, are discussed in the form of a critical review. In spite of the extraordinary diversity of bacteriophages and possible phage applications, the analysis revealed that phage morphology, phage specificity, phage dose, presence of sensitive bacteria or the characteristics of treated individuals (age, taxonomy) may affect phage bioavailability in animals and humans. However, once phages successfully enter the body, they reach most organs, including the central nervous system. Bacteriophages are cleared mainly by the immune system: innate immunity removes phages even when no specific response to bacteriophages has yet developed. 相似文献
8.
Yu A. Nakamura Shuhei Okuyama Aki Furusawa Tadanobu Nagaya Daiki Fujimura Ryuhei Okada Yasuhiro Maruoka Philip C. Eclarinal Peter L. Choyke Hisataka Kobayashi 《Cancer science》2019,110(12):3689-3694
Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a molecularly targeted cancer phototherapy that is based on injecting a conjugate of a silicon‐phthalocyanine derivative, IRdye 700DX (IR700), and a monoclonal antibody that targets an expressed antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local exposure to NIR light results in the rapid and highly selective immunogenic cell death of targeted cancer cells. Because many cancers grow in bones through which light does not penetrate well, the goal of this study was to determine if NIR‐PIT can effectively treat cancers in bone. A bovine rib was used as a bone sample. Because the sample’s NIR light transmittance was shown to be approximately 4.52% in preliminary tests, it was hypothesized that a maximum radiation dosage of 128 and 1500 J/cm2 would be sufficient to induce cell death in in vitro target cells and in vivo mouse tumor models, respectively. Cell viability was measured through bioluminescence studies comparing relative luciferase activity, as well as a cytotoxicity assay. In the in vitro model, tumor cell viability was significantly decreased after 64 and 128 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone. An in vivo mouse tumor model also showed that 1500 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone significantly reduced tumor viability at both 24 and 48 hours posttreatment compared to the control group (P = .026 and .040 respectively). Therefore, despite limitations in light transmission, NIR‐PIT nevertheless is capable of effectively treating cancers within bone. 相似文献
9.
目的:以芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸对脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者进行干预治疗,观察患者睡眠改善情况及血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)和乙酰胆碱(Ach)水平变化,并分析其机制。方法:将同期收治的76例脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各38例。两组均给予脑卒中后常规西医康复治疗,在此基础上对照组辅以传统针灸治疗,观察组采用芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸治疗,均连续治疗8周。治疗前后分别测定两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠状况自评量表(SSRS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,据以计算睡眠障碍治疗总有效率;检测两组血清5-HT、NA和Ach水平,并观察有无不良反应。结果:两组治疗后PSQI、SSRS、NIHSS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后各评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组睡眠障碍治疗总有效率分别为92.11%、76.38%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后血清5-HT、NA、Ach水平均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后各指标均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组在治疗期间均未发生明显不良反应。结论:芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍安全有效,可明显改善患者预后,机制可能与上调神经递质水平有关。 相似文献
10.
Alfredo Iandolo Dina Abdellatif Massimo Amato Giuseppe Pantaleo Andrea Blasi Vittorio Franco Prasanna Neelakantan 《Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc》2020,46(2):204-209
This study investigated the effect of ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on its dentinal tubular penetration and root canal cleanliness in vitro. In experiment 1, mandibular premolars were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8): group A, ultrasonic activation; group B, ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated NaOCl and group C, syringe‐and‐needle irrigation. Penetration of the fluorescent‐labelled NaOCl was investigated using light microscopy. In experiment 2, mandibular premolars were randomly allocated to group B or C (n = 10), for histological analysis of the remaining pulp tissue and debris. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (P = 0.05). The highest penetration of NaOCl was observed in group B, followed by group A (P < 0.05). Group B showed significantly less amount of debris than group C (P < 0.05). Dentinal tubule penetration of NaOCl and root canal cleanliness were significantly improved by ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated NaOCl. 相似文献