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1.
Electrical stimulation of the median nerve is a noninvasive technique that facilitates awakening from coma. In rats with traumatic brain inju-ry-induced coma, median nerve stimulation markedly enhances prefrontal cortex expression of orexin-A and its receptor, orexin receptor 1. To further understand the mechanism underlying wakefulness mediated by electrical stimulation of the median nerve, we evaluated its effects on the expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 in the prefrontal cortex in rat models of traumatic brain injury-in-duced coma, using immunohistochemistry and western blot assays. In rats with traumatic brain injury, NR1 expression increased with time after injury. Rats that underwent electrical stimulation of the median nerve (30 Hz, 0.5 ms, 1.0 mA for 15 minutes) showed elevated NR1 expression and greater recovery of consciousness than those without stimulation. These effects were reduced by intracerebroventric-ular injection of the orexin receptor 1 antagonist SB334867. Our results indicate that electrical stimulation of the median nerve promotes recovery from traumatic brain injury-induced coma by increasing prefrontal cortex NR1 expressionvia an orexin-A-mediated pathway.  相似文献   
2.
目的:探讨帕金森病(PD)睡眠障碍患者的血浆orexin A浓度变化,分析其可能影响因素.方法:采用UPDRS-Ⅲ评分、用药调查表、多项睡眠图(PSG)监测及次日多次睡眠潜伏期试验分别对25例PD患者的疾病严重程度、多巴胺能药物应用、睡眠结构、平均睡眠潜伏期等情况进行评定和计算;使用放射免疫分析法对25例临床确诊的PD患者和20例无明显中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的对照组进行血浆orexin A浓度测定;分析PD患者血浆orexin A浓度与其睡眠结构、平均睡眠潜伏期、服用多巴胺能药物剂量间的相关性.结果:PD组中25例患者的血浆orexin A浓度[(7.72±3.44) pg/ml]和20例对照组的血浆orexin A浓度[(6.04±3.22) pg/ml]比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.669,P>0.05);PD伴眼快动睡眠期精神行为障碍(RBD)组12例的血浆orexin A浓度[(6.93±2.67)pg/ml]和PD不伴RBD组的13例血浆orexin A浓度[(8.45±3.99)pg/ml]比较差异无统计学意义(t=-1.108,P>0.05);PD伴SAHS组12例的血浆orexin A浓度[(7.40±3.56)pg/ml]和PD不伴SAHS组13例的血浆orexin A浓度[(8.01±3.44)pg/ml]比较差异无统计学意义(t=-0.433,P>0.05);多元逐步线性回归分析显示PD患者的血浆orexin A浓度与平均睡眠潜伏期(β=-0.382,95% CI:-0.708~-0.056)、左旋多巴日等效剂量(β=-0.011,95% CI:-0.018~-0.004)呈负相关(t=-2.433、-3.132,P<0.05).结论:PD患者血浆orexin A浓度变化受多巴胺能药物剂量及日间平均睡眠潜伏期的影响.  相似文献   
3.
目的探讨肥胖儿童血浆orexin-A的表达改变及其与BMI的相关性。方法肥胖组儿童48例,检测患儿空腹外周血中orexin-A水平、体重指数(BMI),并与48例性别、年龄匹配的健康儿童(健康对照组)进行比较。分析两组orexin-A水平与BMI的相关性。结果肥胖组儿童血浆orexin-A水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。两组血浆orexin-A水平均与BMI呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论 orexin-A参与了肥胖儿童机体能量代谢的调节,orexin-A与摄食密切相关。  相似文献   
4.
目的 研究侧脑室注射orexin-A对氯胺酮-咪达唑仑麻醉大鼠的促醒作用.方法 腹腔注射氯胺酮(75mg/kg)和咪达唑仑(5mg/kg)麻醉大鼠后,侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin-A,以脑电δ波比例评价麻醉深度,以大鼠翻正反射消失(LRR)持续时间评价麻醉时间,以共济失调期评价运动功能恢复.结果 同对照组相比,高剂量orexin-A治疗组(4nmol)麻醉大鼠脑电δ波比例明显降低(P<0.01),LRR持续时间和共济失调期明显缩短(P<0.01);而低剂量orexin-A治疗组(1nmol)无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 侧脑室注射orexin-A可使麻醉深度变浅,麻醉时间缩短,并可促进麻醉后运动功能恢复,从而发挥了对麻醉的促醒作用.  相似文献   
5.
目的 观察安宫牛黄丸对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血中食欲素A(Orexin-A)、神经肽Y(NPY)和瘦素(Leptin)的影响.方法 选择经多导睡眠图仪行多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊的轻、中度OSAHS患者50例,随机分为两组.治疗组25例给予安宫牛黄丸1丸,睡前服,每日1次,治疗30 d;对照组25例不给予任何治疗.治疗前后用放射免疫法和酶联免疫吸附法分别检测血浆食欲素A、NPY和血清瘦素水平,并进行夜间睡眠监测.结果 与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、觉醒指数明显减少[(16.33±3.57)次/h比(22.23±9.98)次/h.(103.58±32.90)次/s比(127.89±42.78)次/s,P<0.01和P<0.05],平均经皮血氧饱和度(MSpO2)和最低经皮血氧饱和度(LSpO2)明显增加(0.950±0.032比0.934±0.048,0.830±0.041比0.826±0.127,P<0.01和P<0.05),Ⅲ Ⅳ期睡眠百分比、鼾声指数和最长呼吸暂停时间均无差异.激素水平测定结果显示,治疗组治疗后食欲素A、瘦素水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.01和<0.05),而NPY无明显差异(P>0.05).相关性分析表明,OSAHS患者食欲素A、瘦素和NPY与AHI(r1=0.445,r2=0.480,r3=0.454)、觉醒指数(r1=0.613,r2=0.510,r3=0.479)均呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),食欲素A与MSpO2和LSpO2呈负相关(r1=0.666,P1<0.01;r2=0.513,P2<0.05).结论 安宫牛黄丸能够降低轻、中度OSAHS患者血食欲素A、瘦素的水平,从而改善OSAHS患者的预后.  相似文献   
6.
7.
Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides that stimulate arousal and food intake but also activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. During late pregnancy in the rat, the responsiveness of the HPA axis to stressors is attenuated, and thus we investigated HPA axis responses to centrally administered orexin-A during pregnancy. Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-A (0.5 micro g, 140 pmol) significantly increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone concentration within 10 min in virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats, but had no effect in day 21 pregnant rats. Orexin-A significantly increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, measured by in situ hybridization, in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the virgin group but not in the pregnant group. Thus, the responsiveness of PVN CRH neurones to orexin-A, and hence the pituitary-adrenal axis, is markedly reduced in pregnancy. This may favour anabolic adaptations in pregnancy.  相似文献   
8.
The effects of centrally injected orexin-A on plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone levels and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in the parvocellular cells of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat were investigated. In animals implanted previously with a lateral brain ventricle and femoral artery cannula, a single i.c.v. injection of orexin-A (10 microg/rat) resulted in a rapid, significant increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. Plasma ACTH reached a peak (12.5-fold greater than basal levels) at 30 min, which was maintained over 120 min before declining towards control levels by 240 min. Plasma corticosterone concentrations reached a peak (6.7-fold greater than basal levels) at 30 min. Orexin-A at a higher dose (30 microg/rat) also produced a rapid increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. The area under the curve for plasma levels of ACTH was similar for both doses of orexin-A. In a second study, orexin-A (10 microg/rat) was injected i.c.v. and brains and pituitaries were rapidly removed after 240 min. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that CRF and AVP mRNA levels were significantly increased in the parvocellular cells of the PVN. Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels in the pituitary gland were not significantly elevated in response to orexin-A. These results suggest that orexin-A is able to act centrally to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis involving stimulation of both CRF and AVP expression.  相似文献   
9.
Orexin neurons play an important role in stress-related mental disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Anxiety- and depression-related symptoms commonly occur in combination with PTSD. However, the role of the orexin system in mediating alterations in these affective symptoms remains unclear. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in both cognitive and emotional processing. In the present study, we investigated anxiety- and depression-related behavioral changes using the elevated plus maze, the sucrose preference test, and the open field test in male rats with single prolonged stress (SPS) induced-PTSD. The expression of orexin-A in the hypothalamus and orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) in the mPFC was detected and quantified by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that the SPS rats exhibited enhanced levels of anxiety, reduced exploratory activities, and anhedonia. Furthermore, SPS resulted in reductions in the expression of orexin-A in the hypothalamus and the increased the expression of OX1R in the mPFC. The intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A alleviated behavioral changes in SPS rats and partly restored the increased levels of OX1R in the mPFC. These results suggest that the orexin system plays a role in the anxiety- and depression-related symptoms observed in PTSD.  相似文献   
10.
目的 观察orexin-A对氯胺酮麻醉老年大鼠学习记忆及基底前脑ChAT表达的影响,并探讨其可能机制.方法 将40只老年大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、orexin-A低剂量组、orexin-A高剂量组,各10只.以100mg/kg氯胺酮腹腔注射建立实验模型.麻醉10min后,治疗组侧脑室注入orexin-A 1、4nmol/10μL.对照组注入等量人工脑脊液.以Morris水迷宫行为学及免疫组化方法,观察麻醉后大鼠学习记忆功能和基底前脑胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)的表达变化.结果 (1)氯胺酮麻醉后老年大鼠Morris水迷宫成绩明显下降,orexin-A可提高水迷宫各观察指标成绩,以4nmol剂量效果显著(P<0.05,P<0.01).(2)氯胺酮麻醉后,基底前脑ChAT表达降低,4nmol orexin-A能部分逆转其变化(P<0.05).结论 一定剂量orexin-A可明显改善氯胺酮麻醉后老年大鼠学习记忆功能.此效应可能与其逆转麻醉后大鼠基底前脑ChAT的低表达密切相关.  相似文献   
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