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1.
2.
目的探讨通过下食管括约肌(lower esophageal sphincter,LES)扩张建立咽喉反流性疾病(laryngophyngeal reflux disease,LPRD)模型的可行性。方法18只新西兰白兔随机分为实验组10只和对照组8只,对实验组动物进行LES测压定位后,使用球囊对LES进行注水扩张,对照组同法置入球囊,但不进行球囊注水。扩张前1周及扩张后2周行咽喉及食管下段pH监测,LES平均静息压检测;扩张前1周、扩张后2周及8周行喉镜检查,进行喉镜下反流体征评分;扩张后8周处死动物,对其喉部及食管下段黏膜取材,光镜下观察其病理变化。结果扩张后pH监测验证实验组造模成功8只(80.0%,8/10),实验组扩张前咽喉酸反流时间百分比(%)、反流事件数(次)、反流最长时间(s)分别为0(0,0)、0(0,0)、0(0,0),扩张后分别为17.5(8.2,29.4)、3(1,5.5)、17.2(10.2,30.8),较扩张前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组扩张前食管下段pH监测酸反流时间百分比、反流事件数、反流最长时间分别为0(0,0.7)、0(0,1)、0(0,1.2),扩张后分别为23.1(4.8,49.5)、3(1,6)、25.9(11.5,56.8),较扩张前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组扩张前LES压力28.0±5.6 mmHg,较扩张后(17.2±3.3 mmHg)升高,差异有统计学差异(P=0.001);实验组扩张前RFS评分3.1±1.2分,扩张后2周为3.6±1.4分,扩张后8周为8.6±2.5分,扩张前和扩张后2周差异无统计学意义(P=0.482),但扩张前与扩张后8周差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。病理检查示实验组喉部及食管黏膜均可观察到不同程度慢性炎症。结论食管下括约肌球囊扩张可安全、有效地建立LPRD动物模型。  相似文献   
3.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.  相似文献   
5.
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
6.

Background

Glutamate plays a key role for post-ischaemic recovery of myocardial metabolism. According to post hoc analyses of the two GLUTAMICS trials, patients without diabetes benefit from glutamate with less myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Copeptin reflects activation of the Arginine Vasopressin system and is a reliable marker of heart failure but available studies in cardiac surgery are limited. We investigated whether glutamate infusion is associated with reduced postoperative rises of plasma Copeptin (p-Copeptin) after CABG.

Methods

A prespecified randomised double-blind substudy of GLUTAMICS II. Patients had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.30 or EuroSCORE II ≥3.0 and underwent CABG ± valve procedure. Intravenous infusion of 0.125 M L-glutamic acid or saline at 1.65 mL/kg/h was commenced 10–20 min before the release of the aortic cross-clamp and then continued for another 150 min P-Copeptin was measured preoperatively and postoperatively on day one (POD1) and day three. The primary endpoint was an increase in p-Copeptin from the preoperative level to POD1. Postoperative stroke ≤24 h and mortality ≤30 days were safety outcomes.

Results

We included 181 patients of whom 48% had diabetes. The incidence of postoperative mortality ≤30 days (0% vs. 2.1%; p = .50) and stroke ≤24 h (0% vs. 3.2%; p = .25) did not differ between the glutamate group and controls. P-Copeptin increased postoperatively with the highest values recorded on POD1 without significant inter-group differences. Among patients without diabetes, p-Copeptin did not differ preoperatively but postoperative rise from preoperative level to POD1 was significantly reduced in the glutamate group (73 ± 66 vs. 115 ± 102 pmol/L; p = .02). P-Copeptin was significantly lower in the Glutamate group on POD1 (p = .02) and POD 3 (p = .02).

Conclusions

Glutamate did not reduce rises of p-Copeptin significantly after moderate to high-risk CABG. However, glutamate was associated with reduced rises of p-Copeptin among patients without diabetes. These results agree with previous observations suggesting that glutamate mitigates myocardial dysfunction after CABG in patients without diabetes. Given the exploratory nature of these findings, they need to be confirmed in future studies.  相似文献   
7.
目的探究腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞复合小剂量丙泊酚麻醉对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者麻醉效果的影响。方法选取本院2017年8月至2019年11月收治的94例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=48)和观察组(n=46)。对照组行蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉复合腰硬外麻醉,观察组行腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞复合小剂量丙泊酚麻醉。比较两组手术不同时间段血流动力学指标[平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)]情况。结果 T1、T2、T3、T4时段,观察组MAP及HR水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者经腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞复合小剂量丙泊酚麻醉更有利于稳定术中血流动力学指标。  相似文献   
8.
目的:阐述动物智能在军事学的应用及意义。方法:以学术论文、新闻、报纸、智库报告等作为信息源,综合研究国外动物智能军事应用实例及内在关联,描述动物智能在未来战场应用场景。结果:动物智能军事应用主要是动物特殊能力的军事应用和动物智能的仿生武器应用。结论:动物部队、仿生作战部队和动物战术是未来战争不可忽视的重要组成部分,动物智能的隐匿、灵活、多变等特点正逐渐被广泛应用于战场。  相似文献   
9.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the levels of glutamine(Glx) and glutamate(Glu) on the early identification of neurobiochemical abnormalities in high-risk people with schizophrenia through Meta-analysis.  相似文献   
10.
认知障碍是指记忆、语言、理解和判断等一个或多个方面的功能障碍,包括轻度认知障碍和各种类型的痴呆症。痴呆症是认知障碍最严重的表现,是一种导致患者日常生活、社会交往和工作能力发生显著变化的综合征。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症类型,其次是血管性痴呆(VD)和其他神经退行性痴呆[1]。已知年龄与认知功能的退化密切相关。  相似文献   
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