基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建及实践

目的:探讨基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建及实践。方法:选取某医学院校专科护理专业学生(护生)为研究对象,将护理1班45人作为试验组,将护理2班43人作为对照组,对照组对公共卫生安全知识实施线上与线下的常规教学,试验组实施基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程。比较两组护生内容掌握情况及学习满意度。结果:试验组护生的学习成绩明显高于对照组(P<0.01),试验组护生对教学的满意度为95.6%(43/45),明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建既可以广泛促进不同专业教师进行教学研究交流,全面提高教师教书育人能力,又可以使护生在学习过程中接触不同专业、不同领域的知识与技能,注重护生主体作用,提高学习效果和学习满意度。     

智力和发展性残疾儿童青少年身体活动效益：基于ICF的系统综述

目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建智力和发展性残疾儿童青少年身体活动效益系统综述的范畴和PICO架构，探讨智力和发展性残疾儿童和青少年参加身体活动的健康效益。     

中文科技期刊术语规范化现状:调查与分析

【目的】 对术语使用情况进行调研,找出术语使用不规范的问题,为提升我国科技期刊术语规范化水平、推进科技期刊高质量发展提供依据。【方法】 采用回顾性调查方法,选择18种科技期刊2020年全年刊出的所有文章,调查其中术语使用差错情况。【结果】 术语相关差错主要涉及术语使用规范问题、术语编校规范问题及专有名词术语规范问题,具体差错类型比较多样化,不利于期刊质量及影响力的提升,应引起论文作者及期刊工作者的高度重视。术语相关差错中,术语使用规范问题最为突出;术语使用规范问题的各种类型中,术语形音义相近而误的现象最为突出。【结论】 我国科技期刊术语规范化水平有待提升,需要引起重视。     

Motivational interviewing for maternal Immunizations: Intervention development

Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.     

Ethical global health in nursing education: An integrative review

AimThe purpose of this integrative review is to provide a comprehensive review of ethical considerations for host communities and nursing programs in planning, implementing and evaluating global health experiences for nursing students.BackgroundGlobal health experiences for nursing students are proliferating rapidly across university settings while at the same time decreasing the average time spent in the host country engaged with local communities. Global health experiences are an area where students can experience ethics as it is applied across varied contexts including resource limited international settings. As nursing education expands its global programming, exploring the ethical implications of designing, implementing and evaluating GHEs becomes pivotal to build respectful, sustainable relationships with global partners and best prepare nursing students for ethical professional practice in an interconnected world.DesignWe conducted an integrative review to examine ethical considerations in development of ethical global health experiences that benefit, rather than harm, host communities and participating nursing student guests.MethodsThe search included articles published in English language, peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2021 that discussed ethics in the context of nursing students traveling internationally for global health experiences. Eighteen articles met criteria for review.ResultsOverall, findings demonstrate relatively little research specific to ethical engagement in global health experiences. The articles in this integrative review discussed a range of ethical attributes including reciprocity or collaboration, respect, sustainability or commitment, justice and openness. Recommendations based on research and non-research articles are provided.ConclusionsEthical comportment in global health experiences requires careful planning, implementation and evaluation to assure an equitable and sustainable partnership between host community, faculty and nursing student guests.     

Development and validation of artificial intelligence models for preoperative prediction of inferior mesenteric artery lymph nodes metastasis in left colon and rectal cancer

BackgroundDissection of lymph nodes at the roots of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMAN) should be offered only to selected patients at a major risk of developing IMAN involvement. The aim of this study is to present the first artificial intelligence (AI) models to predict IMAN metastasis risk in the left colon and rectal cancer patients.MethodsA total of 2891 patients with descending colon including splenic flexure, sigmoid colon and rectal cancer undergoing major primary surgery and IMAN dissection were included as a study cohort, which was then split into a training set (67%) and a testing set (33%). Feature selection was conducted using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model. Seven AI algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting (LGB), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Random Forest (RF) classifier, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), as well as traditional multivariate LR model were employed to construct predictive models. The optimal hyperparameters were determined with 5 fold cross-validation. The predictive performance of models and the expert surgeon was assessed and compared in the testing set independently.ResultsThe IMAN involvement incidence was 4.6%. The optimal set of features selected by LASSO included 10 characteristics: neoadjuvant treatment, age, synchronous liver metastasis, synchronous lung metastasis, signet ring adenocarcinoma, neural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, CA199, endoscopic obstruction, T stage evaluated by MRI. The most accurate model derived from MLP showed excellent prediction power with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.873 and produced 81.0% recognition sensitivity and 82.5% specificity in the testing set independently. In contrast, the judgment of IMAN metastasis by expert surgeon yield rather imprecise and unreliable results with a significantly lower AUROC of 0.509. Additionally, the proposed MLP had the highest net benefits and the largest reduction of unnecessary IMAN dissection without the cost of additional involved IMAN missed.ConclusionMLP model was able to maintain its prediction accuracy in the testing set better than other models and expert surgeons. Our MLP model could be used to help identify IMA nodal metastasis and to select candidates for individual IMAN dissection.     

Surgery under COVID: An observational study

AimTo evaluate the surgery program strategy adopted in an adult otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery department in an area badly affected by the Covid-19 epidemic peak. The main objective was to analyze the reasons for not cancelling surgeries and the postoperative course of operated patients. The secondary objective was to assess the situation of postponed patients.Material and MethodsA single-center observational study carried out during the COVID-19 period in France included 124 patients scheduled for surgery during the period March 21-May 20, 2020. The number and nature of operations, both performed and postponed, were reviewed.ResultsA total of 54.0% patients were operated on during the COVID period and 46.0% were postponed. Operations were maintained in urgent or semi-urgent cases. The operated patients did not show any signs of infection during their hospital stay. A total of 29.8% of postponed patients were lost to follow-up and 49.1% were rescheduled.ConclusionThe application of national and international recommendations minimized the risk of loss of chance for operated patients without increasing the risk of contamination. The postponement of canceled operations resulted in considerable loss to follow-up. Intensified follow-up is necessary for these patients.